向斜核部超深孔施工技术

在河北省开平向斜核部煤田普查区,由于煤层埋藏较深,地层易缩径、压力异常,给钻探施工带来巨大压力。2011年2月19日,本区ZK9-1号钻孔成功完成地质钻探任务,实际终孔深度1950.68m,为国内目前该区采用Φ50mm钻杆施工煤田取心最深钻孔。从设备选择、钻具选择使用及其抗拉强度扭矩校核,泥浆使用、压力平衡钻进、防斜措施等方面介绍了该孔克服深孔地层压力异常、泥岩蠕变钻孔缩径,一次成孔达到设计要求的施工经验,对类似地区的钻探施工有一定的借鉴意义。     

编程计算确定岩石结构面产状

许多地下工程都需要确定岩石结构面的产状。阐述了确定岩石结构面产状的两类方法:岩心定向方法和直接计算方法的主要特点。依据同种结构岩石中的3点钻孔弯曲参数(顶角、方位角),以及该3点处的岩心参数(岩心直径、高点高度),即可确定岩石的结构面产状,开发了其计算程序;论述了该程序的使用方法和程序计算原理。实测和勘探工作检验证明,采用编程计算法确定的岩石结构面产状参数准确无误,是可行的。编程计算法避免了大量繁杂的人工计算工作,可简单快速地得到计算结果;采用编程计算法得到的都是符合实际情况的单解,从而避免了经常出现的人工计算错误率高的现象。     

埋藏方式控制储层压实效应的定量表征——以库车坳陷白垩系砂岩储层为例

埋藏方式对于储层压实作用的制约效应非常明显,但其定性描述无法精确反映其所涵盖的诸多因素。由此引入时—深指数(TDI指数),是对储层埋藏历史中时间、温度和埋藏压力三者的综合表征,并以定量形式揭示埋藏方式的差异。以库车坳陷白垩系砂岩储层为例,探讨TDI指数对于储层粒间体积的制约效应,两者呈现明显的相关性,表明TDI指数不仅可以较好地表征储层埋藏方式的差异,也对于储层储集物性有着特殊的预测效果。     

子午线收敛角对定向钻进精度的影响

在定向钻进井眼轨迹计算时,以前方位计算只考虑磁偏角,而没有考虑子午线收敛角对定向控制精度的影响。在井距400m以上时,子午线收敛角最大误差可达10m以上,说明子午线收敛角对水平定向钻进精度影响较大。文中给出了通过井口的地理坐标简便计算子午线收敛角方法,其误差在20％以内,可满足对接连通井工程需要。并通过与美国产高精度磁中靶系统RMRS在土耳其29对对接连通井工程应用进行了验证,结果中靶误差较小。说明在定向钻进井眼轨迹计算时,考虑子午线收敛角对长距离水平定向井、定向对接连通井和非开挖工程精确设计和施工具有重要指导意义。     

大位移井悬链线剖面设计的数值计算

悬链线剖面是大位移井轨道的经典类型,在进行设计时需要求解一个以悬链线初始井斜角为未知数的非线性方程。由于未知数包含在多个三角函数和对数函数中,计算工作量较大,而且常用的迭代求解方法存在一些问题。通过数学变换将该方程转换成一个只包含对数函数和多项式函数的新方程,对新方程的函数性态做了几何分析,进而提出了寻找求解区间的步长搜索算法和自适应步长搜索算法。利用二分法在求解区间上能够快速求出新方程的数值解。利用大位移井设计实例验证了本文算法的有效性,并对圆弧井段井眼曲率与方程解的关系进行了讨论。本文提出的算法可用于大位移井轨道设计的计算机软件开发中。     

TITAN’S GROUND REFLECTANCE RETRIEVAL FROM CASSINI-VIMS DATA TAKEN DURING THE JULY 2ND, 2004 FLY-BY AT 2 AM UT

An attempt to evaluate the preliminary values of the Titan's surface albedo at 2 μm from the first Cassini-VIMS observations of the moon is presented. The methodology is based on the application of radiative transfer calculations and a microphysical model of the Titan atmosphere based on fractal aerosol. As a first guess, the surface has been considered flat and lambertian. The results are presented as a function of the geographical coordinates associated to the image pixels. The libRadtran package, using the radiative transfer equation solver DISORT 2.0, has been applied for the calculations. A test run to evaluate the model performances, using ground based observations of Titan as reference in the range of wavelengths 0.3-1.0 μm, has been carried out.The retrieved values of the surface albedo range between 0.03 and 0.22.     

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF REGULATED WATER RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER RESERVOIR

Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arrangement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River,Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible.With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.     

深井密封容器的耐压计算

运用经典和近代材料力学的理论对深井密封容器的耐压性能进行计算，根据计算结果及相关材料的特性，对科研课题所需的材料进行初步筛选，给出一定安全系数下容器的最小壁厚。     

Spacecraft Orbit Determination with The B-spline Approximation Method

It is known that the dynamical orbit determination is the most common way to get the precise orbits of spacecraft. However, it is hard to build up the precise dynamical model of spacecraft sometimes. In order to solve this problem, the technique of the orbit determination with the B-spline approximation method based on the theory of function approximation is presented in this article. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, simulative orbit determinations in the cases of LEO (Low Earth Orbit), MEO (Medium Earth Orbit), and HEO (Highly Eccentric Orbit) satellites are performed, and it is shown that this method has a reliable accuracy and stable solution. The approach can be performed in both the conventional celestial coordinate system and the conventional terrestrial coordinate system. The spacecraft's position and velocity can be calculated directly with the B-spline approximation method, it needs not to integrate the dynamical equations, nor to calculate the state transfer matrix, thus the burden of calculations in the orbit determination is reduced substantially relative to the dynamical orbit determination method. The technique not only has a certain theoretical significance, but also can serve as a conventional algorithm in the spacecraft orbit determination.     

基于雷达外推临近预报和中尺度数值预报融合技术的短时定量降水预报试验

为克服目前中尺度数值模式在对流尺度定量降水短时预报方面的不足,弥补基于“外推”的临近预报技术在2h以上定量降水预报能力方面的缺陷,研究设计了一种基于“外推”临近预报技术和中尺度数值模式的定量降水预报(QPF)融合技术方案,并进行了试验应用.该方案首先基于雷达探测和自动气象站观测的定量降水估计(QPE)结果,对中尺度数值模式输出的定量降水预报在谱空间进行相位校正,分析计算出数值预报和观测的偏差,导出一个附加的数值预报校正场;其次,根据数值预报校正场满足一定时间变化分布的特征,调整相应时段的数值预报降水区域和强度;最后,利用双曲正切线权重函数,对校正后的数值模式定量降水预报和基于临近预报技术的定量降水预报进行融合,融合权重根据典型环流特征动态变化.融合后的定量降水预报在前1-2h表现出主要依赖“外推”临近预报结果,之后随着融合权重的变化,数值预报对融合结果的贡献逐渐加大,直至融合后5-6h占主导地位.通过对京津冀地区2011年夏季5个及2012年夏季2个典型强降水个例的80次预报试验及其检验,表明融合后的0-6h定量降水预报结果改进较为明显,总体优于单独的临近预报技术或者中尺度数值预报模式的结果.