SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoarchean basement in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia

The Pine Creek Orogen, located on the exposed northern periphery of the North Australian Craton, comprises a thick succession of variably metamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which were extensively intruded by mafic and granitic rocks. Exposed Neoarchean basement is rare in the Pine Creek Orogen and the North Australian Craton in general. However, recent field mapping, in conjunction with new SHRIMP U–Pb zircon data for six granitic gneiss samples, have identified previously unrecognised Neoarchean crystalline crust in the Nimbuwah Domain, the eastern-most region of the Pine Creek Orogen. Four samples from the Myra Falls and Caramal Inliers, the Cobourg Peninsula, and the Kakadu region have magmatic crystallisation ages in the range 2527–2510 Ma. An additional sample, from northeast Myra Falls Inlier, yielded a magmatic crystallisation age of 2671 ± 3 Ma, the oldest exposed Archean basement yet recognised in the North Australian Craton. These results are consistent with previously determined magmatic ages for known outcropping and subcropping crystalline basement some 200 km to the west. A sixth sample yielded a magmatic crystallisation age of 2640 ± 4 Ma. The ca. 2670 Ma and ca. 2640 Ma samples have ca. 2500 Ma metamorphic zircon rims, consistent with metamorphism broadly coeval with emplacement of the volumetrically dominant ca. 2530–2510 Ma granites and granitic gneisses. Neoarchean zircon detritus, particularly in the ca. 2530–2510 Ma and ca. 2670–2640 Ma age span, are an almost ubiquitous feature of detrital zircon spectra of unconformably overlying metamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic strata of the Pine Creek Orogen, and of local post-tectonic Proterozoic sequences, consistent with this local provenance. Neoarchean zircon is also a common detrital component in Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary units across much of the North Australian Craton suggesting the existence of an extensive, if not contiguous, Neoarchean crystalline basement underlying not only a large part of the Pine Creek Orogen, but also much of the North Australian Craton.     

秦岭地区铅锌矿床模糊逻辑法找矿远景区优选

根据秦岭地区铅锌矿床成矿地质背景,应用ArcviewGIS对赋矿地层、控矿构造等进行空间分析,提取预测变量。依据不同预测变量与铅锌矿床的相关性大小,选择不同的模糊算子进行综合,生成识别控矿因子。参考伽马算子、综合控矿因子,进行成矿远景区划分,并依据伽玛算子大小进行靶区优选。     

Continuity of the North Qilian and North Qinling orogenic belts, Central Orogenic System of China: Evidence from newly discovered Paleozoic adakitic rocks

Adakitic intrusive rocks of  430–450 Ma were discovered in the North Qilian orogenic belt, the western section of the Central Orogenic System (COS) in China. These adakitic rocks were lower crust melts rather than slab melts as indicated by their crustal Ce/Pb, Nb/U, Ti/Eu, and Nd/Sm ratios and radiogenically enriched (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.7053–0.7066 and ε_Nd(t) of − 0.9 to − 1.7. While they are all characterized by low Yb (< 1.1 ppm) and Y (< 11.5 ppm) abundances with high Sr/Y (> 65) and (La/Yb)_N (> 13.7) ratios, these adakitic rocks are classified into the low-MgO–Ni–Cr and high-MgO–Ni–Cr groups. The low-MgO samples were derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust, whereas the high-MgO samples were melts from delaminated lower crust, which subsequently interacted with mantle peridotite upon ascent. Adakitic rocks from the adjacent North Qinling orogenic belt also originated from thickened lower crust at  430 Ma. In addition, the North Qilian and North Qinling orogenic belts both consist of lithological assemblages varying from subduction-accretionary complexes at south to central arc assemblages, which include adakitic rocks, then to backarc phases at north. Such a sequence reflects northward subduction of the Qilian and Qinling oceans. In these two orogenic belts, the occurrence of adakitic rocks of common origin and ages together with the similarities in tectonic configurations and lithological assemblages are considered to be the evidence for the continuity between eastern Qilian and western Qinling, forming a > 1000 km Early Paleozoic orogenic belt. In such a tectonic configuration, the Qilian and Qinling oceans that subducted from south possibly represent parts of the large “Proto-Tethyan Ocean”. This inference is supported by the coexistence of Early Paleozoic coral and trilobite specimens from Asia, America and Australia in the North Qilian orogenic belt. Post-400 Ma volcanic rocks occur in the North Qinling orogenic belt but are absent in the North Qilian orogenic belt, indicating that these two orogenic belts underwent distinct evolution history after the closure of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean ( 420 Ma).     

东秦岭商丹断裂带南侧武关岩群的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄

用LA-ICPMS定年技术测得武关岩群变玄武岩中继承性成因锆石的平均206Pb/238U年龄为348Ma+18/-12Ma。这一年龄代表了继承性锆石受炽热玄武岩浆改造而重结晶的年龄。综合分析认为,武关岩群的时代可能为晚泥盆世。     

南秦岭沙河湾、曹坪和柞水岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

沙河湾、曹坪和柞水花岗岩体位于商丹与勉略缝合带之间的南秦岭中部地区,三个岩体Al₂O₃含量在14.08%~15.85%之间,相对富硅、富镁、富碱,K₂O与Na₂O含量相近,属于钾玄-高钾钙碱性系列准铝质I型花岗岩。它们均富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素和重稀土以及Y,铕负异常不明显(δEu＝0.62~0.91),显示同源岩浆演化特征。沙河湾、曹坪、柞水岩体的锆石LA-MC-ICPMS铀铅年龄分别为212±0.93 Ma、224.1±1.1 Ma和224.8±1.1 Ma;锆石ε_Hf (t)u值的变化范围分别是-1.7 ~ +5.0 (212Ma)、-6.0 ~ +3.3(224Ma)和-5.8 ~ +4.4(224Ma),前者高于后两者;三者的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（t_DM2）在791~1366Ma之间,平均值为1075Ma。这些特征表明这些花岗岩是源于亏损地幔的岩浆与源于中-新元古代或更老下地壳的岩浆发生混合作用的产物。沙河湾、曹坪和柞水岩体形成在华北与华南板块碰撞后,是秦岭造山带从挤压向伸展转变的地球动力学背景下岩石圈拆沉的结果,而秦岭造山带印支晚期岩石圈构造体制应以挤压向伸展转变为主,岩石圈构造属性从挤压向伸展转变事件可能发生在224~210Ma之间。     

陕西省马鞍桥金矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学与矿床成因

马鞍桥金矿床产于西秦岭造山带商丹断裂带南缘的E-W向脆-韧性剪切带中,矿体定位受剪切带控制并集中于变形强烈的部位,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质沉积建造。出露于矿区的香沟花岗斑岩脉发生蚀变和金矿化,但未达工业品位。矿化岩石和矿石的铅同位素比值与地层接近,而与香沟花岗岩相异,暗示矿石铅不可能来自花岗岩。碳-氧同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体来源于碳酸盐地层或相似岩石建造的变质或改造脱水作用;从成矿早阶段经主阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ¹⁸O及δD值逐渐降低,指示成矿流体从早阶段的变质热液或地层改造热液向晚阶段的大气降水热液演化。马鞍桥金矿分布于大陆内部造山带中,成矿作用与始于印支晚期的陆内造山作用有关,后者以陆内俯冲、推覆叠置和陆壳变质变形等为特点。马鞍桥金矿床地质特征和同位素地球化学组成与阳山超大型金矿床相似,应为类卡林型金矿床或属介于造山型和卡林型之间的过渡类型金矿床。     

豫西地区秦岭造山带武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成及其物源特征

武当群变质沉积-火山岩组合是南秦岭地体中重要的基底岩石,其形成时代和地球化学特征可以为理解秦岭造山带的构造演化提供重要的证据.本文报道豫西地区武当群上部沉积岩和下部中-酸性火山岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成,探讨火山岩成因和沉积岩物源的同位素特征.上部沉积岩的碎屑锆石初始ε_(Hf)值变化在-30～+10之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在1.0Ga至3.2Ga之间,初始ε_(Nd)值在-4.0至-6.0之间.沉积物源表现为主要与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的地壳物质和近源的下部火山岩混合的特征.火山岩的锆石初始εHf值变化在-35～+15之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在0.8Ga至3.5Ga之间,集中于1.5～1.8Ga和2.2～2.4Ga两个峰值.2个变质石英角斑岩样品初始ε_(Nd)值分别为-9.2和-10.7,而报道的湖北武当群的玄武-安山质熔岩的初始ε_(Nd)值以正值为主.因此,武当群不同类型的火山岩可能存在着成因差异.具有低初始ε_(Nd)值和ε_(Hf)值特征的火山岩可能由地壳物质的重熔而形成的;有些火山岩具有初始ε_(Hf)值变化范围较大(-35～+15)或正初始ε_(Nd)值的特点,可能是壳、幔物质混合成因,有显著的幔源或新生地壳物质的贡献.武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明,与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的南秦岭地体在元古代期间可能经历多期地壳增生和再造作用.     

河南省嵩县鱼池岭斑岩钼矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

河南省嵩县鱼池岭钼矿床产于合峪复式花岗岩基内部,含矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗斑岩.矿体呈透镜状或似层状产出于侵入体中,含矿斑岩全岩矿化.矿石构造主要为网脉浸染状,网脉矿物组合有石英±钾长石±绿帘石、石英-萤石±方解石、萤石以及大量的石英-黄铁矿、石英-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物等.根据网脉矿物组合和穿切关系,将矿化过程分为早、中、晚3个阶段,其特征性围岩蚀变分别是高温硅化、钾长石化、绿帘石化,硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、硫化物化,以及低温碳酸盐化、萤石化.脉石英中广泛发育流体包裹体,包括水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯CO_2包裹体(PC型)、H_2O-CO_2包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型).早期无矿石英脉中捕获了H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系的初始成矿流体,其温度集中于280～420℃、盐度为30.1 wt%～54.1 wt%NaCl.eqv,压力最大值为194MPa(约6.8km深).成矿流体上升至5.6km左右、温度降低至400℃即发生沸腾,CO_2大量逸失,黄铁矿及少量辉钼矿沉淀,形成石英-黄铁矿-辉钼矿脉;在280～380℃、～137MPa、约4.8km深处流体强烈沸腾,辉钼矿大量沉淀.在200～340℃、约0.8～4.3km深时,黄铁矿、辉钼矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等多种金属硫化物沉淀,形成石英-多金属硫化物脉.晚期流体为H_2O-NaCl体系,脉石英中仅见水溶液包裹体,均一温度为130～200℃.上述结果表明,由酸性岩浆分异出高温、高盐度、富CO_2流体,CO_2可大量存在于浆控高温热液体系.结合区域地质演化,认为包括鱼池岭含矿斑岩在内的合峪花岗岩基形成于加厚造山带地壳的快速隆升过程;考虑到成矿年龄为144Ma,确定144Ma以来的最大剥蚀厚度不超过7km,平均剥蚀速率不超过0.05mm/a.     

河南省栾川南泥湖斑岩型钼钨矿床流体包裹体研究

河南省栾川县南泥湖超大型钼钨矿床形成于秦岭造山带的燕山期大陆碰撞体制,流体成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±辉钼矿±黄铁矿、石英+多金属硫化物±碳酸盐和石英+碳酸盐+萤石组合为标志,矿石矿物主要沉淀于中阶段.早、中阶段石英中可见纯CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,但晚阶段萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于350～460℃,盐度为5.68 wt%～17.87 wt% NaCl.eqv.中阶段包裹体均一温度集中在250～380℃,盐度为3.00 wt%～38.16 wt% NaCl.eqv;中阶段多相包裹体中常见石盐、黄铜矿和未知种类的子矿物,指示流体具有沸腾所致的还原性、过饱和特征;盐度相差悬殊的含子晶多相包裹体、富气相水溶液包裹体和富液相水溶液包裹体共存,在相近温度下异相均一,表明流体沸腾的存在.晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在115～265℃,盐度介于0.53 wt%～1.23 wt%NaCl.eqv之间.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为70～300MPa和30～150MPa,推测成矿深度约为3km.总之,成矿流体具高温、高盐度、高氧逸度、富CO_2的特征;流体沸腾导致CO_2逃逸,氧化性降低,成矿物质沉淀.     

秦岭南麓岩溶发育地质特征及工程处理对策

通过西康一、二线的地质勘察对发育于秦岭南部腹地的石炭系、泥盆系和寒武-奥陶系的海相沉积的巨厚层的碳酸盐岩建造中存在的岩溶现象的地质特征进行了论述,并结合既有工程修建所揭露的岩溶的发育程度及形态对秦岭南部腹地发育的岩溶初步划分了垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带。在此基础上提出了对于不同的岩溶类型和部位采取不同的工程处理措施。