青海同仁县隆务峡地区首次发现镁铁质——超镁铁质岩带

在青海省同仁县隆务峡南段的二叠纪地层中首次发现了北西—南东向分布的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩带,命名为隆务峡镁铁质—超镁铁质岩带。该岩带的岩石组合包括纯橄岩、辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、枕状玄武岩等。从超镁铁岩—下部堆晶岩—辉绿岩—上部堆晶岩,其稀土元素总量逐渐增加,稀土元素配分型式总体一致,从超镁铁岩的Eu正异常到上部辉长岩的Eu负异常,显示了各岩石间的同源性。根据对其两侧沉积岩中化石的研究,推测该镁铁质—超镁铁质岩带的形成时代为二叠纪。该岩带位于西秦岭造山带与祁连造山带的接舍部,对于揭示秦岭和祁连接合部的大地构造演化有重要意义。     

北秦岭二郎坪群重晶石岩热水沉积地球化学证据及其成矿意义

北秦岭二郎坪群中存在与地层整合产出的层状重晶石岩和铜多金属矿床。重晶石岩贫Al2O3、TiO2组分含量;富集热液组分As、Sb、Ba、Ag和Hg;微量元素U/Th>1;低ΣREE(平均值27.78×10-6)、富集轻稀土(LREE)、亏损重稀土(HREE)、具明显Eu正异常、Ce负异常及与大西洋TAG热液区热液沉积物相似的球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式特征。这些特征揭示研究区重晶石岩是热水沉积成因型。热水沉积重晶石岩与铜多金属矿床的紧密联系说明,研究区铜金属矿床是海底热液喷流沉积成岩成矿作用的产物。     

Collision leading to multiple-stage large-scale extrusion in the Qinling orogen: Insights from the Mianlue suture

The geologic framework of the Phanerozoic Qinling–Dabie orogen was built up through two major suturing events of three blocks. From north to south these include the North China craton (including the north Qinling block), the Qinling–Dabie microblock, and the South China craton (including the Bikou block), separated by the Shangdan and Mianlue sutures. The Mianlue suture zone contains evidence for Mesozoic extrusion tectonics in the form of major strike–slip border faults surrounding basement blocks, a Late Paleozoic ophiolite and a ca. 240–200 Ma thrust belt that reformed by 200–150 Ma thrusts during A-type (intracontinental) subduction. The regional map pattern shows that the blocks are surrounded by complexly deformed Devonian to Early Triassic metasandstones and metapelites, forming a regional-scale block-in-matrix mélange fabric. Five distinct tectonic units have been recognized in the belt: (1) basement blocks including two types of Precambrian basement, crystalline and transitional; (2) continental margin slices including Early Paleozoic strata, and Late Paleozoic fluviodeltaic sedimentary rocks, proximal and distal fan clastics, reflecting the development of a north-facing rift margin on the edge of the South China plate; (3) out of sequence oceanic crustal slices including strongly deformed postrift, deep-water sedimentary rocks, sheeted dikes, basalts, and mafic–ultramafic cumulates of a Late Paleozoic ophiolite suite, developing independent of the rift margin in a separate basin; (4) out-of-sequence island-arc slices; (5) accretionary wedge slices. All the tectonic units were deformed during three geometrically distinct deformation episodes (D₁, D₂ and D₃ during 240–200 Ma). Units 2–4 involved southward thrusting and vertical then southward extrusion of about 20 km of horizontal displacement above the autochthonous basement during the D₁ episode. Thrust slices 20 km south of the Mianlue suture are related to this vertical extrusion due to the same rock assemblages, ages and kinematics. The D₂ and D₃ episodes folded all the units in a thick-skinned style about east–west (D₂) and west–northwest (D₃) axes in the Mianlue suture zone. An early foreland propagating sequence of accretion of Late Paleozoic rocks deposited above the Yangtze craton is not involved in D₁ deformation but is temporally equivalent to the D₂ and D₃ deformation in the Mianlue suture. Two stages of strike–slip faulting mainly occurred at the end of D₂ and D₃, respectively. During D₂ deformation, the Bikou block was obliquely indented to the ESE into the Mianlue suture, rather than being thrust over the Mianlue suture from the north as a part of the Qinling–Dabie microblock. During D₃ deformation, however, the Bikou block was bounded by the south boundary fault of the Mianlue suture, and the Yangpingguan fault on the south. These faults are coeval strike–slip faults, but of opposite senses, and accommodated minor southwestward extrusion of the Bikou block into Songpan–Ganze orogen. The other basement blocks north of the Mianlue suture were extruded eastward by about 20 km of lateral displacement, based on the offset of the Wudang dome, during the D₃ episode due to the northeastward indentation of the Hannan complex of the South China craton. Post-D₃ emplacement of granite, cutting across the strike–slip faults such as the Mianlue suture, provides a minimum age of 200 Ma for D₃ deformation. Therefore, based on insights from the evolution of the Mianlue suture, the D₂ and D₃ episodes in the Mianlue suture and its neighbors are not responsible for and associated with the two-stage extrusion of the Dabie UHP-HP terranes from the Foping dome to the present erosional surface (more than 350 km).     

西秦岭天水尹道寺中生代酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb定年和元素地球化学研究

对天水尹道寺酸性火山岩进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素分析.结果表明,本区酸性火岩熔岩均为流纹岩,SiO2、Na2O K2O含量高,TiO2含量低,主体为亚碱性系列,轻稀土高度富集,Eu负异常明显.微量元素原始地幔标准化分配模式及洋中脊玄武岩标准化分配模式分别与大陆板内火山岩或大陆板内花岗岩的分配模式一致,Ba、Sr、P、Ti显著亏损.锆石U-Pb同位素定年揭示了流纹岩的岩浆结晶年龄为印支末期(211Ma).流纹岩具有富集放射性Pb同位素的特点,其源区可能为北秦岭基底岩石.依据稀土元素和微量元素分配模式对比研究,认为流纹岩浆为地壳下部部分熔融的产物.源区物质可能为下元古界秦岭岩群中的黑云角闪斜长片麻岩,源区的残留物主体可能为斜长石,含有角闪石,岩浆演化过程中存在少量的碱性长石和黑云母的分离结晶.印支末期秦岭地区处于由陆内碰撞造山阶段开始向深部地幔调整和岩石圈减薄阶段转变,特殊的构造背景使得陆内挤压、剪切走滑和推覆构造较为发育,西秦岭尹道寺地区特定的构造背景与断裂构造的结合,形成了该地区独特的流纹岩浆喷发.     

Genesis of the Changba–Lijiagou Giant Pb-Zn Deposit, West Qinling, Central China: Constraints from S-Pb-C-O isotopes

The extensive Changba-Lijiagou Pb-Zn deposit is located in the north of the Xihe–Chengxian ore cluster in West Qinling. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the marble, dolomitic marble and biotite-calcite-quartz schist of the Middle Devonian Anjiacha Formation, and are structurally controlled by the fault and anticline. The ore-forming process can be divided into three main stages, based on field geological features and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage I are pale-yellow coarse grain, low Fe sphalerite, pyrite with pits, barite and biotite. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage II are black-brown cryptocrystalline, high Fe shalerite, pyrite without pits, marcasite or arsenopyrite replace the pyrite with pits, K-feldspar. The features of hydrothermal stage III are calcite-quartz-sulfide vein cutting the laminated, banded ore body. Forty-two sulfur isotope analyses, twenty-five lead isotope analyses and nineteen carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were determined on sphalerite, pyrite, galena and calcite. The δ34 S values of stage I(20.3 to 29.0‰) are consistent with the δ34 S of sulfate(barite) in the stratum. Combined with geological feature, inclusion characteristics and EPMA data, we propose that TSR has played a key role in the formation of the sulfides in stage I. The δ34 S values of stage II sphalerite and pyrite(15.1 to 23.0‰) are between sulfides in the host rock, magmatic sulfur and the sulfate(barite) in the stratum. This result suggests that multiple S reservoirs were the sources for S2-in stage II. The δ34 S values of stage III(13.1 to 22‰) combined with the structure of the geological and mineral features suggest a magmatic hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfides have 206 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 17.9480 to 17.9782, 207 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 15.611 to 15.622, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 38.1368 to 38.1691 in the three ore-forming stages. The narrow and symmetric distributions of the lead isotope values reflect homogenization of granite and mantle sources before the Pb-Zn mineralization. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage I range from-0.1 to 2.4‰ and from 18.8 to 21.7‰. The values and inclusion data indicate that the source of fluids in stage I was the dissolution of marine carbonate. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage II range from-4 to 1‰ and from 12.3 to 20.3‰, suggesting multiple C-O reservoirs in the Changba deposit and the addition of mantle-source fluid to the system. The values in stage III are-3.1‰ and 19.7‰, respectively. We infer that the process of mineralization involved evaporitic salt and sedimentary organic-bearing units interacting through thermochemical sulfate reduction through the isotopic, mineralogy and inclusion evidences. Subsequently, the geology feature, mineral assemblages, EPMA data and isotopic values support the conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids were mixed with magmatic hydrothermal fluids and forming the massive dark sphalerite, then yielding the calcite-quartz-sulfide vein ore type at the last stage. The genesis of this ore deposit was epigenetic rather than the previously-proposed sedimentary-exhalative(SEDEX) type.     

秦岭珍稀濒危植物资源的利用价值与保护

秦岭分布着国家保护的珍稀濒危植物４２种,其中属国家一级保护１种,二级保护１５种,三级保护２６种．这些珍稀濒危植物在医药、木材、花卉、化工等方面具有较高的开发利用价值     

山区暖带的农业生态效应——以秦岭-黄淮平原交界带为例

分析了山区暖带对当地农业生态环境的影响和暖带资源利用中应注意的若干问题．     

多覆盖地区花岗岩接触带及其控矿特征的遥感研究

本文主要介绍应用TM图像对西秦岭地区的中川岩体进行研究的成果,即研究在多植被、多黄土覆盖的复杂条件下,如何依据接触带蚀变岩的遥感图像像元亮度值及实验室测得的光谱曲线特征,区分不同的岩体接触带类型,并探讨它们对金矿的控制作用。     

浙赣皖交界区新元古代火山-沉积岩系的比较——有关火山作用同期异相的探讨

本文综合野外地质、同位素年代学和岩石地球化学资料,对浙赣皖交界区,即江南造山带东段发育的众多新元古代火山—沉积岩系进行了对比研究。从岩石组合及其大地构造含义和火山作用同期异相的观点加以认识.揭示它们的内在联系,为该区地层单元的清理和归并提供依据。     

New seismic images of the crust in the central Trans-Hudson Orogen of Saskatchewan

A reprocessing program to enhance the correlation between the surface geology and the seismic data has been completed for seismic line 9 (eastern 100 km) and line 10 in the central region of the Trans-Hudson Orogen of Saskatchewan, Canada. The new seismic images through lateral continuity of reflectivity provide sufficient detail to resolve the discrepancy between the low-dipping, layer-parallel and dextral-reverse nature of the Sturgeon-Weir shear zone (line 9) observed in the field and its steeply dipping (apparent) normal displacement character interpreted on the basis of the initial processing. Furthermore, the new interpretation provides a strong confirmation of the role of Pelican Thrust as a major detachment zone — the main `sole thrust' — along which juvenile allochthons have been carried across the Archaean microcontinental block. The images are also refined enough to suggest: (a) a boundary within the Pelican Thrust between its internal and external suites; (b) a possible boundary separating a lower (older?) Archaean basement from its upper (younger?) counterpart; and (c) sub-Moho events (M2) which reveal possible involvement of the upper mantle in the collisional tectonic process in addition to the well defined Moho (M1) which probably represents the youngest of the post-collisional detachments.