滇西大理至瑞丽铁路沿线岩石力学参数的 测定及其意义

选取怒江段、高黎贡山隧道和潞西—平达段的灰岩、砂岩、花岗岩、玄武岩4种岩性,分别进行了岩石抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比等力学性能参数的实验室和室外现场测定。结果表明,岩石力学参数的定量测试与野外岩组的定性划分、理论依据能很好地吻合。通过野外实地观察,结合岩石样品力学性质参数的室内测试和室外现场测定,对大理—瑞丽铁路沿线的工程地质岩组进行了划分,共划分出22个工程地质岩组。在全线工程地质岩组中,坚硬岩组占16.23%,坚硬—较坚硬岩组占31.67%,较坚硬岩组占26%,较坚硬—较软弱岩组占14.17%,软弱岩组占11.93%。全线以坚硬和较坚硬岩组为主体。     

滇西大理至瑞丽铁路龙陵段主要的地质灾害类型 及其发育规律

大理—瑞丽铁路龙陵段地处云南高原滇西峡谷区,处于怒江与伊洛瓦底江两大水系分水岭地带。地貌复杂、峡谷深切,新构造运动十分强烈, 地震活动频繁。该区的降雨主要集中在5～10 月份, 降雨强度大且集中。复杂的地质环境及降雨、人类活动等外部因素使该地区成为崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害多发区,常冲毁稻田、山林,发生毁坏桥梁公路、毁坏房屋及人员伤亡的事故。阐述了大理—瑞丽铁路龙陵段主要地质灾害的分布、形成条件及发育规律, 为大理—瑞丽铁路工程规划建设和测区经济社会发展提供基础地质资料和科学依据。     

Local site effects on a high-pier railway bridge under tridirectional spatial excitations: Nonstationary stochastic analysis

This paper presents a theoretical nonstationary stochastic analysis scheme using pseudo-excitation method (PEM) for seismic analysis of long-span structures under tridirectional spatially varying ground motions, based on which the local site effects on structural seismic response are studied for a high-pier railway bridge. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of PEM in nonstationary stochastic analysis of structure under tridirectional spatial seismic motions, in conjunction with the derived mathematical scheme in modeling tridirectional nonstationary spatially correlated ground motions, is proposed to resolve the drawbacks of conventional indirect approach. To apply the proposed theoretical approach readily in stochastic seismic analysis of complex and significant structures, this scheme is implemented and verified in a general finite element platform, and is then applied to a high-pier railway bridge under spatially varying ground motions considering the local site effect and the effect of ground motion nonstationarity. Conclusions are drawn and can be applied in the actual seismic design and analysis of high-pier railway bridges under tridirectional nonstationary multiple excitations.     

Permafrost environment monitoring on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using time series ASAR images

The permafrost in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has long been the focus of many researchers. In this study, we first use the method that integrates synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity and phase information to monitor permafrost environment in the Beiluhe Region, using time series advanced SAR images. The backscattering coefficients (σ⁰) and deformation were extracted for the main features, and the influences of meteorological conditions to them were also quantified. The results show that both the change in σ⁰ and surface deformation are closely related to the active layer, and the deformation is also affected by the permafrost table. First, over meadow and sparse vegetation regions, σ⁰ rose about 6.9 and 4 dB from the freezing to thawing period, respectively, which can be mainly attributed to the thaw of the active layer and increased precipitation. Second, seasonal deformation, derived from the freeze-thaw cycle of the active layer, was characteristic of frost heave and thaw settlement and exhibited a negative correlation with air temperature. Its magnitude was larger than 1 cm in a seasonal cycle. Last, significant secular settlement was observed, with rates ranging from –16 to 2 mm/a, and it was primarily due to the thaw of the permafrost table caused by climate warming.     

GPS在杭长客运专线精密控制网复测中的应用

详细介绍了GPS精密控制网在杭长客运专线复测中的布设,以及GPS精密控制网数据处理及在客运专线工程中施测,总结了GPS用于布设铁路测量控制网所具有的特点,同时推出了GPS1200在布设测量控制网中的应用实例。     

巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟

以青藏高原为目标采用弹性体本构关系,模拟印度板块持续向北推进、挤压对巴颜喀拉块体及邻区的影响.通过降低强震发生位置处单元弹性模量的方法,模拟1900年以来发生在巴颜喀拉块体及周缘Ms≥7.0强震,计算序列中前面地震对后续强震的影响.模拟结果表明:①巴颜喀拉块体背景场应力水平大致与块体西部等效应力同等大小,自西向东逐渐递减,巴颜喀拉块体西部和中部等效应力从南向北逐渐递减,东部地区等效应力比较低;②模拟的14次地震序列中,有8次发生在前面强震所引起的等效应力增大的区域内,2次发生在等效应力增大和减小的过渡区域内,3次发生在等效应力减小的区域内;③从强震序列所引起的应力相互作用看,历史地震对1970年以来发生的地震影响结果为:历史地震加速了1973年亦基台错、1997年玛尼和2001年昆仑山口西地震的发生,昆仑山口西地震对汶川地震的影响较小,汶川地震对玉树地震的发生不具有加速触发作用.     

高速铁路列车噪声监测

通过对地震发生时铁路采取的应急处置措施和我国高速铁路地震监测系统现状的分析,提出建设铁路地震监测预警系统的必要性.为确定地震监测预警台站,研究在高速铁路沿线布置台站的技术方案,特在汉宜高速铁路进行列车通过噪声试验,采集列车通过测点引起的振动数据,探讨列车通过的最大振动加速度和测点与铁路正线距离之间的衰减关系.利用统计分析方法分析最大振动加速度和距离之间的衰减关系.利用频域分析方法设置低通滤波器,对列车引起的振动数据进行滤波,进一步减少列车对台站监测预警数据的影响,所提出的衰减关系及数据初步处理方法对高速铁路地震监测预警台站选取和建设具有指导意义.     

基坑明挖施工对正上方既有轻轨车站扰动分析

在既有轻轨高架车站下进行基坑开挖,势必对轻轨车站上部结构特别是柱基产生扰动,而目前国内已有的规范和标准中还未有对此施工控制标准的规定。针对上海市轨道交通9号线某车站换乘通道工程实例,结合对车站柱基变形的数值分析结果与现场监测数据,提出了轻轨高架车站柱基变形控制指标,可为同类型的基坑工程提供有益的参考。     

焊接残余应力对铁路钢桥焊缝区域危险点列车振动动应力影响的研究

本文研究了焊接残余应力对铁路钢桥焊缝区域危险点列车振动动应力的影响.文中,以铜九线鄱阳湖铁路钢桁架桥梁为研究背景,采用符合电弧焊的双椭球热源模型,模拟出桥梁焊缝区域的焊接残余应力分布情况;旧时叠加上铜九线鄱阳湖铁路钢桁架桥与焊缝节点连接的构件在列车过桥时的实测动应力,并将其施加在桥梁节点精确有限元模型上,分析得出在不同...