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991.
陕南硒中毒区地层时代的厘定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文通过对南秦岭大巴山的紫阳县典型硒中毒区双安乡闹热村所在地及邻区分布的基岩的岩石类型、岩相和层序等进行研究和分析,发现紫阳县双安乡闹热村硒中毒区出露的地层主要为晚震旦世和早寒武世鲁家坪组下部厚约40余米的富硒高硫黄铁矿化黑色碳质硅质板岩和黄铁矿化火山凝灰岩,该层位可以和云南下寒武统筇竹寺组下部和贵州牛蹄塘组下部的地层对比。该层岩石含硒量为10~56mg/kg,平均为32mg/kg左右,是大巴山地区所有地层和岩石中含硒量最高的。该硒中毒区主要几块高硒田块(土壤含硒量为16~36mg/kg)下部分布的就是这套高硒的早寒武世黄铁矿化黑色碳质硅质板岩和黄铁矿化火山凝灰岩地层。 相似文献
992.
Heidy M. E. Van Kaam-Peters Stefan Schouten Jan W. De Leeuw Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,27(7-8)
Structures and carbon isotopic compositions of biomarkers and kerogen pyrolysis products of a dolomite, a bituminous shale and an oil shale of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) in Dorset were studied in order to gain insight into (i) the type and extent of water column anoxia and (ii) changes in the concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the palaeowater column. The samples studied fit into the curve of increasing δ13C of the kerogen (δ13CTOC) with increasing TOC, reported by Huc et al. (1992). Their hypothesis, that the positive correlation between TOC and δ13CTOC is the result of differing degrees of organic matter (OM) mineralisation in the water column, was tested by measuring the δ13C values of primary production markers. These δ13C values were found to differ on average by only 1‰ among the samples, implying that differences in the extent of OM mineralisation cannot fully account for the 3‰ difference in δ13CTOC. The extractable OM in the oil shale differs from that in the other sediments due to both differences in maturity, and differences in the planktonic community. These differences, however, are not likely to have significantly influenced δ13CTOC either. All three sediments contain abundant derivatives of isorenieratene, indicating that periodically euxinia was extending into the photic zone. The sediments are rich in organic sulfur, as revealed by the abundant sulfur compounds in the pyrolysates. The prominence of C1-C3 alkylated thiophenes over n-alkanes and n-alkenes is most pronounced in the pyrolysate of the sediment richest in TOC. This suggests that sulfurisation of OM may have played an important role in determining the TOC-δ13CTOC relationship reported by Huc et al. (1992). 相似文献
993.
The scope of this study is to assess the present impact from an historical emission source, in order to provide information on the duration of this metal pollution problem.The present distribution of cadmium and lead, emitted from a Swedish alumworks between 1726–1840, was studied in soils, sediments and ground water. The soil data imply that cadmium has disappeared from the surface soils during the 150 to 250 years that have passed since the emissions ceased. Lead concentrations of the soil are elevated only within 200 m from the site of the works. Further away, the lead concentrations are almost at background level. A possible explanation for this pattern, is that lead dispersed in large particles has not yet fully disintegrated and leached down the soil profile, in contrast to the smaller particles deposited further away.The metal concentrations in the ground water wells are slightly higher than the Swedish average but probably governed by the pH of the water, rather than the occurrence of large amounts of metals. Elevated lead concentrations were found in a few sediment samples in the river mouth downstream from the works. These elevated concentrations coincided with the abundant occurrence of small particles of used shale, indicating their origin.Cadmium is not found, at present, in the soil around the alumworks in concentrations substantially above background levels. Consequently, it is likely that the cadmium deposited in the area, has leached through the upper layers of the soil profile on its way to the sea sediments. Likewise, the lead concentrations in the soil beyond 200 m from the alumworks are not above background levels which indicate that losses through leaching have occurred at a rate of 0.5 to 1.5% yr−1.Finally, comparisons with other long-term perspective studies give an opportunity to discuss the rate for the disappearance of an environmental problem. 相似文献
994.
山东山旺中新世硅藻页岩中的遗迹化石 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
山东山旺中新世湖相沉积硅藻页岩下部,首次发现无脊椎动物潜穴遗迹化石。本文描述了这一新遗迹属及新遗迹种,定名为硅藻山旺迹讨论了遗迹动物的行为习性和沉积环境。该遗迹化石保存为全浮雕,为觅食迹。新遗迹特征为平直和销弯曲的管状潜穴。潜穴一般可不分枝或二分枝,二分枝时两侧枝近相互平行延伸,潜穴直径2-2.5mm,沿长度粗细变化不大,估计潜穴动物身体粗细与潜穴相适应,推测可能是由湖生的寡毛动物蠕虫类所形成。 相似文献
995.
油页岩作为非常规新能源之一,已经受到人们的广泛关注,是目前油气领域里的研究热点。前人及我们最近的研究结果表明:宁夏固原炭山地区存在大量的与煤伴生的油页岩资源。油页岩赋存于中侏罗统延安组之中。成矿环境为内陆湖泊环境。矿区构造为一中度弯曲的复式褶皱,两翼产状角度20°~30°。以纵向正断层为主。油页岩呈层状,有一定规模的油页岩一般分布于煤层的上部或底部;油页岩共8层,总厚度14.4m,含油率为2.7%~11%,发热量2.88~20.98MJ/kg,视比重1.55~2.46,灰分34.30%~83.68%。其中,煤19灰分大于40%,但含油率大于7%,被前人称之为炼油用煤。炭山油页岩宏观上呈黑色,略具油脂光泽。片状、层状构造,参差状、贝壳状断口。硬度小,条痕亮褐色,油脂光泽明显。油页岩矿石和页岩油边际经济的资源量分别为40301万吨、3718.3万吨,达中型规模,目前其经济价值至少在483亿元以上。炭山油页岩含油率高,品质好,资源量级别高,埋藏浅,交通条件好,并且现在已有煤矿正在采煤,可考虑与其联合开发和利用。 相似文献
996.
New total organic carbon (TOC) data from the two Ordovician-Silurian transitional graptolite-bearing black shale intervals, the Wnfeng (五峰) Formation and the Longmaxi (龙马溪) Formation in Central Guizhou (贵州) and West Hubei (湖北), respectively, as well as previously reported TOC data from the same intervals in other places on the Yangtze platform of South China, have been used to produce an initial estimate of the primary paleoproductivity via a conventional inverse method (i.e., Rpp-inverse). The values of the Rpp-inverse are estimated to be 32 (43-21) gC/(m2·a) (Wufeng Formation) and 21 (27-16) gC/(m2·a) (Longmaxi Formation). Also, simultaneously, the habitat types (i.e., HT; cf., BA: benthic assemblage) and their temporal and spatial changes have been documented from the same succession, and an initial estimate of the primary paleoproductivity has been produced using a forward method (i.e., Rpp.forward). Being bounded mainly by the peritidai to inner-shelf environment shelly-facies or mixed-facies successions with BAI to BA3 faunas both at the top and the base, which indicates the habitat types from HT Ⅱ1 to HT Ⅲ2, the biohabitat type of the two graptolite-bearing black shale intervals can be limited to HT Ⅲ to HT Ⅳ, corresponding to the inner shelf to the outer shelf, with depths from roughly 60 m to 200-300 m. Based on the current data from the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea, values of Rpp-forward should be about 100 to 400 gC/(m2·a). The difference in the results via the two methods suggests that paleoproductivity estimates from the geological strata need to be made cautiously, with particular attention paid to the paleogeographic setting, oxic-anoxic conditions, as also the preservation factor of organic carbon. 相似文献
997.
Compound-specific stable carbon isotope (δ
) measurements on the aliphatic hydrocarbons released from an immature Tertiary oil shale (Göynük, Turkey) via hydropyrolysis, following solvent extraction and a milder hydrogenation treatment, have further highlighted that significant compositional differences may exist between the principal aliphatic constituents of the solvent extractable (bitumen) phase and the insoluble macromolecular network (kerogen) comprising the bulk of sedimentary organic matter. Whilst inputs from diverse sources; including algae, bacteria and terrestrial higher plants, were implied from analysis of solvent-extractable alkanes, the much larger quantities of kerogen-bound n-alkyl constituents released by hydropyrolysis had a uniform isotopic signature which could be assigned to (freshwater) algae. Remarkably, the aliphatics bound to the kerogen by relatively weak covalent bonds, liberated via catalytic hydrogenation, appeared to comprise mainly allochthonous higher plant-derived n-alkanes. These results provide further compelling evidence that the molecular constituents of bitumen and, indeed, of low-yield kerogen degradation products, are not necessarily reliable indicators of kerogen biogenicity, particularly for immature Type I source rocks. The isotopic uniformity of aliphatic n-hydrocarbons released by the high-conversion hydropyrolysis step for the ultralaminae-rich Göynük oil shale, lends further support to the theory that selective preservation of highly resistant aliphatic biomacromolecules is an important mechanism in kerogen formation, at least for alginite. 相似文献
998.
西藏南部中白垩世黑色页岩的碳氧同位素组成及大洋缺氧事件的讨论 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
本文对西藏南部中白垩世黑色页岩中的氧同位素组成特征和两次大洋缺氧事件的形成、发展过程作了较为详细的分析讨论。西藏南部中白垩世期内,在仲玛期及其稍后的沉积时期存在两次大洋缺氧事件,定两次缺氧事件在时间上可与国际上的Cen-Tur和Con-Sant时期的全球大洋缺氧事件相对应;该区这两闪大洋缺氧事件的形成、发展,是与当时全球特定的的生态环境和全球性的地壳构造运动、大规模的海侵、火山喷发等重大地质灾变事 相似文献
999.
页岩气及其勘探研究意义 总被引:40,自引:1,他引:39
与传统意义上的泥页岩裂缝气并不完全相同,现代概念的页岩气是主体上以吸附和游离状态同时赋存于具有生烃能力泥岩及页岩等地层中的天然气聚集,具有自生自储、吸附成藏、隐蔽聚集等地质特点。美国的页岩气勘探取得巨大成功,是投入工业性勘探开发的三大非常规天然气类型之一,目前已形成了区域性页岩气勘探开发局面。中国的页岩气研究正在起步,许多盆地及研究区具有页岩气成藏的地质条件。与美国东部地区页岩气成藏地质条件进行初步对比,中国南方具有有利的页岩气发育条件,开展页岩气研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
1000.