粤东柘林湾发光细菌法监测生物毒性的周年变化

以发光细菌法监测了粤东柘林湾水体和表层沉积物生物毒性的周年变化,结果表明,所有站位的周年调查中,最低相对发光度为84%,最高为131%,各站位的表层水、底层水和沉积物的相对发光度的年均值都在100%以上,其水体和沉积物均属于低毒或无毒水平,表明该海域尚未被有毒物质污染。由于海水对海洋发光细菌的活化作用,大部分检测样品的发光度都超过对照样品的发光度。监测样品的相对发光度在周年和季节变化上没有规律性,与细菌季节变化的关系不明显,相对发光度的高低与细菌生理群数量的大小没有必然的联系。沉积物样品生物毒性的发光细菌监测方法有待于进一步改善。     

IMU/DGPS数据在1∶50000 DOM生产中的应用

IMU/DGPS(惯导测量仪/差分全球定位系统)技术航测成图法可直接获取外方位元素,缩短航测成图周期,降低航测成本。通过相应的试验及具体生产的实施,阐明利用该技术获取的控制数据进行1∶50000DOM制作的技术流程及作业过程中出现问题的处理方法。     

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Monthly Mean Surface Air Temperature over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1 Introduction The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the highest plateau with the most complex topography in the world, covers an area of more than 200km2, with a mean elevation of more than 4000m a.s.l. (Ye and Gao, 1979). Surrounded by the Earth’s highest mountains, such as the Himalayas, Pamir, Kunlun Mountains, the plateau plays a significant role in climate change in China even in the world, thus attracted great attention of researchers. Up to now, many achievements have been gained by…     

台湾海峡西岸重力场变化梯度场图像分析

讨论了应用曲面拟合技术和利用离散的重力观测点的重力变化对特定研究区的重力场变化进行数值模拟以获取该区重力变化空间梯度场图像的具体方法;并应用该方法获得了2004年3月福建安溪3.6级地震前的重力变化空间梯度场图像,发现空间梯度场图像能清晰地反映出地震前重力场群体性变化的差异性;利用此方法对2005年6月~2006年3月间台湾海峡西岸重力场变化进行数值模拟,获得其空间梯度场图像。     

南疆沙漠腹地大气边界层气象要素廓线分析

利用塔中80m观测塔梯度系统采集的2006年8月、10月和2007年1月、4月的风、温度、湿度资料,结合气象站的同步气象资料,对南疆沙漠腹地近地层四季的晴天平均风速、温度、湿度廓线分布特征进行分析。结果表明,晴天平均风速白天随高度升高增加缓慢,夜间较快,低层风速白天比夜间大,高层则白天比夜间小,春夏季风速较大;四季平均温度廓线表现为夜间辐射型、早上过渡型、白天日射型和傍晚过渡型等四种类型,早、晚过渡时间四季各有不同,日最低、最高温度出现时间四季则相差不大;冬季夜间比湿随高度升高而增大,整个80m近地层表现为逆湿状态,其他季节逆湿一般出现在0．5—1m、1～2m、32—47m、63—80m等4个层次上,各逆湿层出现的时间各季节有所差异。     

近42年雅鲁藏布江中游四季气温变化特征分析

利用 1957～ 1998年雅鲁藏布江中游拉萨、日喀则、泽当、江孜 4个站各月平均气温资料 ,通过线性趋势估计和多项式函数拟合分析了该流域春、夏、秋、冬 4季气温长期趋势变化和周期变化 ,并利用滑动T检验等方法讨论了气温突变的问题。结果表明 :在过去 4 2年里 ,雅鲁藏布江中游地区各季气温均有明显的上升趋势 ,其中冬春季增温显著 ,80年代初沿江四季气温除秋季外都出现了明显的增温突变     

构造块体的相对运动和应变

在确定构造块体在球面上相对运动参数的基础上,进一步给出了描述构造块体内的应变变化及参数和确定这些参数的方法。讨论了将相对运动和应变变化综合起来以更充分地描述地壳运动和变形的模型。结合相对运动参数,提出了一种逐渐趋近的变形分析方法。     

Modeling seasonal variations of subsurface chlorophyll maximum in South China Sea

In the South China Sea(SCS), the subsurface chlorophyll maximum(SCM) is frequently observed while the mechanisms of SCM occurrence have not been well understood. In this study, a 1-D physical-biochemical coupled model was used to study the seasonal variations of vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) in the SCS. Three parameters(i.e., SCM layer(SCML) depth, thickness, and intensity) were defined to characterize the vertical distribution of Chl-a in SCML and were obtained by fitting the vertical profile of Chl-a in the subsurface layer using a Gaussian function. The seasonal variations of SCMs are reproduced reasonably well compared to the observations. The annual averages of SCML depth, thickness, and intensity are 75 ± 10 m, 31 ± 6.7 m, and 0.37 ± 0.11 mg m-3, respectively. A thick, close to surface SCML together with a higher intensity occurs during the northeastern monsoon. Both the SCML thickness and intensity are sensitive to the changes of surface wind speed in winter and summer, but the surface wind speed exerts a minor influence on the SCML depth; for example, double strengthening of the southwestern monsoon in summer can lead to the thickening of SCML by 46%, the intensity decreasing by 30%, and the shoaling by 6%. This is because part of nutrients are pumped from the upper nutricline to the surface mixed layer by strong vertical mixing. Increasing initial nutrient concentrations by two times will increase the intensity of SCML by over 80% in winter and spring. The sensitivity analysis indicates that light attenuation is critical to the three parameters of SCM. Decreasing background light attenuation by 20% extends the euphotic zone, makes SCML deeper(~20%) and thicker(12% – 41%), and increases the intensity by over 16%. Overall, the depth of SCML is mainly controlled by light attenuation, and the SCML thickness and intensity are closely associated with wind and initial nitrate concentration in the SCS.     

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福建永安雷暴气候特征分析

通过统计福建省永安市1958—2007年逐日雷暴观测资料,找出雷暴发生时空分布、年际、月际和日变化特征。结果表明：永安市雷暴日50年平均68．12日,年际变化呈波动减少趋势,3—9月是雷暴发生的高发期,占全年雷暴的95．3％,月际雷暴发生次数呈单峰型特征,峰值出现在8月,16—17时是一天中发生雷暴的最高期,西南方向发生的雷暴略多于其它方向。