重庆市主城区休闲设施空间格局变化及其解释

休闲设施作为城市休闲空间的物质形态载体,为城市居民提供多种休闲娱乐功能。依托城市的不断发展,休闲设施也随之呈现出空间结构异质性。基于POI大数据,运用GIS平台及地理探测器,对重庆主城区休闲设施空间格局进行探析,结果表明：（1）在数量特征上,研究区内休闲设施总量呈上升趋势,随距离变化表现出明显空间尺度依赖,各类设施在不同空间尺度下的分布数量存在差异。（2）休闲设施总体空间分布呈显著集聚特征,由于设施总量逐年增加,各类休闲设施空间集聚程度逐渐降低。（3）休闲设施整体为“大聚集,小分散”的多中心分布态势,并逐步由集聚中心向城市外围区域扩张。康娱游憩类演化特征与总体近似,文化休闲类设施集中分布于沙坪坝东南部与渝中区两江交汇处,休闲旅游类表现为“大分散,小集聚”的空间特征,专项休闲类呈带状连片分布态势。（4）常住人口密度、道路密度、距离市中心距离、旅游收入等是重庆市主城区休闲设施空间格局变化的重要影响因素,各影响因子在三个时间节点解释程度有所不同。对于休闲设施格局变化的研究旨在为休闲设施经营者投资选址提供参考,为政府决策者合理布局休闲空间提供依据。     

The Relationship between Community and Individual Measures of Wellbeing: comparisons by remoteness for Indigenous Australians

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians, the wellbeing of the community in which one lives and/or has an ongoing attachment to is an important aspect of individual health and wellbeing. In non-Indigenous policy discourse, the main way to summarise community-level wellbeing is through indices of socioeconomic outcomes that can be used to rank regions or areas within regions. While these have been produced for the Indigenous population, they only capture one particular aspect of community wellbeing. The analysis presented in this paper extends our knowledge of place-based community wellbeing by looking at the presence or absence of particular facilities, barriers to accessing services, and neighbourhood or community problems. Indigenous Australians in remote areas were less likely to report the presence of a number of facilities and more likely to report barriers to accessing government services. However, there were no consistent differences in the reporting of neighbourhood and community problems—some types of problems had a higher incidence in non-remote areas (e.g. theft and dangerous or noisy driving), whilst other problems were higher in remote areas (alcohol, illegal drugs and violence). Indices of these variables were also found to be associated with individual emotional wellbeing, providing prima facie evidence of the link between community and individual measures.     

基于两步移动搜寻法的城市居家养老服务设施可达性研究——以大连市沙河口区低龄老年人为例

基于Arc GIS的两步移动搜寻法可以解决设施(供给)与人口(需求)的空间分布差异性及两者可跨越区界的潜在相互作用。通过对大连市沙河口区常住居家低龄老年人与养老服务设施空间可达性进行实证研究,利用两步移动搜寻法获取各服务设施到人口聚居点的可达性数值并利用Map Info绘制成图,得出89个社区供需间潜在的空间可达性呈现优秀、良好、一般和较差4种结果,为大连沙河口区针对低龄老年人居家养老服务设施的发展规划提供辅助决策支持,也展现了两步移动搜寻法在公共服务空间可达性评价方面的作用。     

Monitoring of impact of anthropogenic inputs on water quality of mangrove ecosystem of Uran,Navi Mumbai,west coast of India

Surface water samples were collected from substations along Sheva creek and Dharamtar creek mangrove ecosystems of Uran (Raigad), Navi Mumbai, west coast of India. Water samples were collected fortnightly from April 2009 to March 2011 during spring low and high tides and were analyzed for pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Total solids (TS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Salinity, Orthophosphate (O-PO₄), Nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂–N), Nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃–N), and Silicates. Variables like pH, turbidity, TDS, salinity, DO, and BOD show seasonal variations. Higher content of O-PO₄, NO₃–N, and silicates is recorded due to discharge of domestic wastes and sewage, effluents from industries, oil tanking depots and also from maritime activities of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), hectic activities of Container Freight Stations (CFS), and other port wastes. This study reveals that water quality from mangrove ecosystems of Uran is deteriorating due to industrial pollution and that mangrove from Uran is facing the threat due to anthropogenic stress.     

Assessing drought threats to agricultural water supplies under climate change by combining the SWAT and MODSIM models for the Geum River basin,South Korea

ABSTRACT

The impacts of future climate change on the agricultural water supply capacities of irrigation facilities in the Geum River basin (9645.5 km²) of South Korea were investigated using an integrated modeling framework that included a water balance network model (MODSIM) and a watershed-scale hydrologic model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT). The discharges and baseflows from upland drainage areas were estimated using SWAT, and the predicted flow was used to feed agricultural reservoirs and multipurpose dams in subwatersheds. Using a split sampling method, we calibrated the daily streamflows and dam inflows at three locations using data from 6 years, including 3 years of calibration data (2005–2007) followed by 3 years of validation data (2008–2010). In the MODSIM model, the entire basin was divided into 14 subwatersheds in which various agricultural irrigation facilities such as agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were defined as a network of hydraulic structures within each subwatershed. These hydraulic networks between subwatersheds were inter-connected to allow watershed-scale analysis and were further connected to municipal and industrial water supplies under various hydrologic conditions. Projected climate data from the HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the period of 2006–2099 were imported to SWAT to calculate the water yield, and the output was transferred to MODSIM in the form of time-series boundary conditions. The maximum shortage rate of agricultural water was estimated as 38.2% for the 2040s and 2080s under the RCP 4.5 scenario but was lower under the RCP 8.5 scenario (21.3% in the 2040s and 22.1% in the 2080s). Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the projected shortage rate was higher than that during the measured baseline period (1982–2011) of 25.6% and the RCP historical period (1982–2005) of 30.1%. The future elevated drought levels are primarily attributed to the increasingly concentrated rainfall distribution throughout the year under a monsoonal climate, as projected by the IPCC climate scenarios.

EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

岩体裂隙发育区域的地下排水设计施工措施探讨

在岩体中裂隙较多且地下水发育的区域修造建筑或道路时,渗水是影响施工的主要因素,特别在雨季降雨量较大时,没有完善的地下排水设施,将直接影响建筑及路面的使用性能,减少其使用寿命,严重影响运营安全。以无锡地铁某停车场为研究对象,从勘察、设计、施工等方面,系统研究了场内渗流区域排水设施的解决方案,分别提出库体结构基础和路基不同的预防技术措施,并对施工过程的质量控制关键点进行了强调。对于多裂隙山体附近大规模建筑的地下排水系统设计具有推广和应用价值。     

Protracted Environmental Issues on a Proposed Titanium Minerals Development in Kenya's South Coast

This study takes cognizance of the fact that the TIOMIN (TIOMIN Resources Inc. of Canada) project has resulted in controversy over its handling of environmental issues and especially the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The authors address many of the protracted issues that have slowed the development of the mining project in Kwale. The main emphasis is on the impacts of the mining and mineral separation processes on the environment, including the governing legislation, the role of consultation and public participation, and socioeconomic issues. In their public documents TIOMIN has specified neither the type of minerals it wants to extract from the area nor their chemical composition. It is well known, however that the titanium minerals and zircon targeted have impurities of iron, thorium and uranium. In the absence of an Environmental Management Plan, the effects of stockpiling radioactive wastes and other impurities that could possibly lead to environmental degradation in both the terrestrial and marine environments have not been publically addressed. The measures proposed to mitigate ecological damage as a result of the establishment of a minerals processing plant in the area seem inadequate. Pollution resulting from accidental spillage or breakage could have significant impact on marine life and residents living near the mining site. Other issues that have not been addressed satisfactorily pertain to the use of surface and underground water. The area already faces a huge water deficit and the calculations presented on aquifer recharge and stream flow rates do not indicate the large quantities of water that would be required in the mineral processing plant. The project, if approved in its present state, risks violation of international conventions. Furthermore, it could cause a conflict between Kenya and Tanzania in the event of an oil spill at the proposed ship loading facility at Shimoni. The proposed mining area includes the district's most fertile land, is home to many fisherfolk and is a major tourist destination. An analysis of the effects of this project on other available opportunities must be thoroughly understood to ascertain the economic and environmental benefits and costs of the mining venture. The proposed compensation rate of $1,000 per acre, for resettlement for example, appears to be grossly inadequate. Compensation should take into account family size and structure family assets and the cost of relocation.     

Upwelling and ocean structures off Algoa Bay and the south-east coast of South Africa

As the Agulhas Current flows along the south-east coast of South Africa, a number of processes operate that bring cold, deep water up onto the narrow shelf. As a consequence, upwelling along the coastline is enhanced farther southward and downstream. This situation is investigated off Algoa Bay and along the south-east coast to Port Alfred, where measurements demonstrate that marked temperature variability occurs at the coastline, particularly in summer when temperature structures are more intense and easterly-component winds more common. There is no indication that upwelling is more prevalent at Port Alfred; increasing variability farther south is evident at Woody Cape/Cape Padrone, where the coastline veers westwards, forming the eastern boundary of Algoa Bay. Here it is found that, after a wind change to north-easterly, cold water is upwelled along the shoreline between 19 hours and 2.5 days later. Such upwelling progresses north-eastwards with the movement of the wind and weather systems, although colder water also moves south-westwards into Algoa Bay. Winds, currents, sea level and sea temperatures are highly correlated, with fluctuations in sea level measuring >50 cm being associated with coastal trapped waves (CTWs). Such barotropic wind-driven CTWs are frequently active during upwelling, although it is unclear whether there is any interaction between the two phenomena.     

基于数据湖的省级卫星直收站数据共享服务设计

针对省级卫星直收站数据存储分散造成共享应用不便的问题,提出卫星多源数据便捷高效访问和安全分级管理方案。引入数据湖技术,按照全国统一规范构建了基于气象大数据云平台的省级气象数据湖系统,基于此实现了FY-3、FY-4卫星地面直收站原始接收数据、加工处理产品等多种卫星数据入湖集中管理,并提供统一的数据共享服务,解决了海量多源异构数据的存储、管理和共享服务等技术难题。通过数据湖统一权限控制,实现对用户访问数据的分级管理,保障了数据应用的稳定性和安全性。通过数据湖统一文件目录服务,实现长时间序列文件的便捷快速获取,有效支撑卫星数据的服务应用和挖掘分析。     

融合地图数据的山地城市医疗设施服务覆盖评估方法研究

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,居民对医疗的需求不断增加,分析评估城市医疗设施服务范围,对解决医疗供需矛盾,提升城市健康水平具有重要意义.目前国内医疗设施服务覆盖评估,多忽视交通网络与人群分布因素,致使城市医疗服务存在不少覆盖盲区.山地城市复杂地形环境影响居民出行能力与出行方式,增大医疗设施服务覆盖的难度,传统方法难以对其...