Aroclor 1254对大弹涂鱼精巢线粒体氧化应激的影响

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)是盛产于我国东南沿海滩涂的两栖经济鱼类。分别用1,2,4μg/g的Aroclor 1254对生殖期雄性大弹涂鱼腹腔注射28 d后,检测大弹涂鱼精巢与储精囊的绝对与相对重量,并检测其精巢线粒体氧化水平、抗氧化酶活性与非酶类抗氧化剂含量。结果显示,1μg/g Aroclor1254剂量组中大弹涂鱼精巢、储精囊绝对重量与对照组均无显著差异(p=0.90),而较高剂量组(2,4μg/g Aroclor1254)上述指标均显著低于对照组(p0.05);相对重量指标中仅4μg/g Aroclor1254剂量组的储精囊相对重量显著低于对照组(p0.05)。此外,Aroclor1254使精巢抗氧化防御能力降低,三个处理组的SOD活性与GSH含量均比对照显著下降(p0.05),较高剂量组CAT,GPx,GR活性及Vit C含量也均显著低于对照(p0.05);而H2O2产量与脂质过氧化反应显著增加,1,2和4μg/g剂量组中MDA含量分别为对照组的1.12,1.52和1.80倍,H2O2含量分别为对照组的1.20,1.40和1.75倍,与Aroclor1254剂量呈现明显相关性。表明Aroclor1254可以诱导精巢线粒体的氧化应激对精巢产生毒性,影响雄性大弹涂鱼生殖机能。     

三沙湾表层沉积物中有机污染物的含量及风险评价

利用气相色谱/质谱方法对三沙湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行测定,结果表明,PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的含量均值分别为1.28、61.76和1.18 ng/g。与早期研究结果相比,PCBs含量浓度明显降低,表明其污染已得到有效控制;PAHs中高分子量组分普遍存在,通过分析菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值,判断其主要来源为燃料的高温燃烧;HCHs和DDTs是主要的有机氯农药污染物,二者的残留特征表明其主要来源为早期历史残留,且表层沉积物受到厌氧微生物降解。总体而言,三沙湾表层沉积物中PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的污染程度及生态风险均处于较低水平。     

Spatial Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls （PCBs） Contaminants in the Tidal-flat Sediments of Yangtze Estuary

1 IntroductionYangtze River estuary is the biggest one in China, and there are domestic and manufactural rubbish disposal sites for Shanghai city in this tidal-flat. The Shanghai city, the whole Yangtze delta, or even all the Yangtze basin, will be PCBs contaminant sources of Yangtze estuary tidal-flat[1]. According to literatures so far, only two investigations for waters have included PCBs in the Yangtze estuary[2, 3]. No PCBs pollution of the tidal-flat sediments has been reported…     

厦门港湾沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的垂直分布特征

从厦门港海区采集两根沉积柱样，研究有机氯农药六六六（ＨＣＨｓ），滴滴涕（ＤＤＴｓ）和多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）在沉积物中的垂直分布，ＨＣＨｓ，ＤＤＴｓ及ＰＣＢｓ含量用ＧＣ法测定，取自厦门港湾口的１号柱样ＨＣＨｓ，ＤＤＴｓ和ＰＣＢｓ的含量范围分别为０．１２～ ０．３２ｎｇ／ｇ，４．６４～１０．５ｎｇ／ｇ和０．０９～０．４６ｎｇ／ｇ取自厦门西港内湾的５号柱样采分别为０．１７～０．３１ｎｇ／ｇ，３．６５     

土壤中持久性有机污染物分析的前处理方法

对土壤样品的前处理技术进行了研究。采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物,并且与索氏提取结果进行了对比,结果表明,ASE完全能取代传统的索氏提取方法。对固相萃取(SPE)柱净化的不同填料进行了实验筛选。比较了浓硫酸磺化法和SPE柱净化法对土壤中有机氯农药及多氯联苯的净化效果。优化了有机氯农药、多氯联苯凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的净化条件。当样品基质比较复杂时,采用凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取柱的前处理方法,能得到很好的净化效果。土壤样品中持久性有机污染物采用加速溶剂提取结合固相萃取前处理过程的回收率为68%~106%,精密度小于7.7%。     

地下水中半挥发性有机污染物痕量分析的5个问题探讨

针对地下水中有机氯农药、多氯联苯和多环芳烃等半挥发性有机污染物的痕量分析,从实验室分析测试人员的角度,探讨了提高定量分析准确度的三个问题:分级绘制标准曲线、注重标准溶液配制细节、避免假阳性与假阴性.从实验室管理人员的角度探讨了提高实验室竞争力的两个问题:提高服务质量和降低分析成本.本文对这几个重要但往往易被忽视的问题进行逐一分析,并探讨了分级绘制标准曲线的方法、配制标准溶液应考虑的要点、避免假阳性与假阴性的措施,以及提高服务质量和降低成本的因素.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中狄氏剂和多氯联苯

狄氏剂与多氯联苯均是海洋环境中毒性大、难降解的有机污染物,建立海水中狄氏剂与多氯联苯快速、灵敏、准确的检测方法,具有重要意义。本文采用聚苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯（Cleanert PS）固相萃取柱对海水样品中的狄氏剂与7种多氯联苯进行分离富集,建立了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）的分析方法。实验了萃取流速、洗脱液、水样盐度与pH等实验条件对萃取效率的影响,确定样品以5.0 mL/min的流速经Cleanert PS固相萃取柱富集,真空抽干后用5.0 mL丙酮洗脱,挥干洗脱液,用1.0 mL正己烷定容,在选定的色谱条件下进行分析。方法精密度（RSD）为0.9%~4.4%,与《海洋监测规范》GB 17378.4—2007的RSD指标相比,精密度良好;加标回收率为82.1%~123.9%。狄氏剂的检出限（0.0088 μg/L）低于文献的检出限（0.05 μg/L）,7种多氯联苯的检出限（0.0012~0.0067 μg/L）低于文献的检出限（0.147~0.289 μg/L）。该方法适合于海水中痕量狄氏剂与多氯联苯的快速分析,具有一定的实用价值。     

Diffuse pollution by persistent organic pollutants as measured in plastic pellets sampled from various beaches in Greece

Plastic pellets found stranded on beaches are hydrophobic organic materials and thus, they are a favourable medium for persistent organic pollutants to absorb to. In the present study, plastic pellets are used to determine the diffuse pollution of selected Greek beaches. Samples of pellets were taken from these beaches and were analyzed for PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, and PAHs. The observed differences among pellets from various sampling sites are related to the pollution occurring at each site. Plastic pellets collected in Saronikos Gulf beaches demonstrate much higher pollutant loading than the ones collected in a remote island or close to an agricultural area. Based on data collected in this study and the International Pellet Watch program, pollution in Saronikos Gulf, Greece, is comparable to other heavily industrialized places of the world. The present study demonstrates the potential of pellet watch to be utilized as a detailed-scale monitoring tool within a single country.     

Assessment of temporal variation and sources of PCBs in the sediments of Mediterranean Sea, Mersin Bay, Turkey

Information on temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the coastal sediments of Mediterranean Sea, Mersin was compiled using data published between 1980 and 2009, and the present study. The first congener specific PCB results from the region yield concentration levels of Σ₄₁PCBs in sediments ranging from 0.61 to 1.04 ng g⁻¹. Sediment profiles show penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorobiphenyls, specifically, #149 and 153 as the most abundant congeners in all samples. Comparison of total PCB concentrations over time suggests no recent PCB input to the region. Using congener specific PCB data for the region, identity and contribution of PCB sources were also predicted using a chemical mass balance -based (CMB) receptor model. The CMB model identified Aroclor 1260 to be the major PCB source in coastal sediments. The potential sources for the PCBs were briefly discussed in terms of their use in various industrial applications.     

The factors controlling the partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in the water-column of the Pearl River Estuary in South China

In this study, the distribution and partition of polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. A seasonal dependence for dissolved and particle phase PCB and PBDE levels was observed. A high dissolved phase level occurred in the dry season. The positive correlation between POC content in the particles and phase distribution coefficients (K_p) suggested that POC may play an important role in determining the partition of PBDEs and PCBs. A linear correlation between the observed log K_OC and log K_OW for PBDEs and PCBs was found with slopes less than one. The observed log K_OC values were lower than the predicted log K_OC values for PBDEs (except for BDE28). The log K_OC values were higher than the predicted values for PCBs. A combination of sorption to colloids (10-98% for PBDEs and less than 25% for PCBs) and adsorption to BC was responsible for this observation.