电离层TEC的预测模型

电离层总电子含量（TEC）的精确预报对提高GNSS导航精度,保障无线电空间远程通讯具有重要作用。分析了IGS发布的电离层格网点总电子含量（TEC）的时间序列特点,基于时间序列分析理论,以AR模型对格网点TEC随机时间序列平稳化后建模和预报。实例分析表明,研究的预报技术和方法是可行的。     

极地科学数据关联方法及应用研究

为了从海量极地科学数据中准确、智能地发现用户所需要的数据,首先,系统研究分析极地科学数据特征,挖掘极地科学数据本身隐含的语义信息,建立极地科学数据关联指标体系;其次,研究极地科学数据关联方法,最后设计并实现极地科学数据关联查询应用原型系统。以极地科学数据共享平台的元数据作为语料库,自动抽取极地科学数据关联指标数据,实现极地科学数据集之间的自动关联。应用实践表明,利用极地科学数据关联方法不仅可直接检索出满足条件的数据,还可以检索出潜在的相关联的数据。该关联方法研究可促进极地科学数据的集成、融合与共享应用。     

Effects of a kappa distribution function of electrons on incoherent scatter spectra

In usual incoherent scatter data analysis, the plasma distribution function is assumed to be Maxwellian. In space plasmas, however, distribution functions with a high energy tail which can be well modeled by a generalized Lorentzian distribution function with spectral index kappa (kappa distribution) have been observed. We have theoretically calculated incoherent scatter spectra for a plasma that consists of electrons with kappa distribution function and ions with Maxwellian neglecting the effects of the magnetic field and collisions. The ion line spectra have a double-humped shape similar to those from a Maxwellian plasma. The electron temperatures are underestimated, however, by up to 40% when interpreted assuming Maxwellian distribution. Ion temperatures and electron densities are affected little. Accordingly, actual electron temperatures might be underestimated when an energy input maintaining a high energy tail exists. We have also calculated plasma lines with the kappa distribution function. They are enhanced in total strength, and the peak frequencies appear to be slightly shifted to the transmitter frequency compared to the peak frequencies for a Maxwellian distribution. The damping rate depends on the electron temperature. For lower electron temperatures, plasma lines for electrons with a distribution function are more strongly damped than for a Maxwellian distribution. For higher electron temperatures, however, they have a relatively sharp peak.     

GNSS接收机DCB短期时变特征分析和估计方法

提出一种使用非差非组合精密单点定位(PPP)估计和分析接收机DCB短时时变特征的方法。首先利用非差非组合PPP得到包含接收机DCB的重构电离层参数估值;然后通过IGS电离层GIMs格网模型内插剥离各历元站星斜向电离层距离延迟;最后通过最小二乘约束得到各历元接收机DCB解。由于格网本身精度(2~8 TECU)和插值精度限制,解算出来的接收机DCB并不能真实反映其短期时变特征。为此,提出利用站间单差或者历元间差分的方法还原其真实的变化态势。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确估计接收机DCB,并能真实还原其短期时变特征,具有良好的适用性。     

国际南北极地区文献数据库的检索方法与极地文献统计分析

通过分析南北极地区文献数据库 ( AAR CD- ROM) ,极地文献数量、极地主要学科文献数量、极地冰川学科及其分支的文献数量在不同时期的发展变化情况 ,得出的主要结论有 :自 1 70 3年有第一篇极地文献到 1 90 0年间 ,极地文献数量不多 ,1 90 0年左右时间的文献量有一个增量 ,从1 957～ 1 958年的国际地球物理年以来 ,南极研究得到很大发展 ,北极研究则是在 1 970年以来有更大的发展 ,这样的发展势头继续保持着 ;极地研究的有大量的极地冰川文献 ,其次是极地海洋、极地地质、极地生物等学科文献 ;南极地区学科侧重点有天文、大气、地质、生物等学科 ,北极地区侧重在海洋、资源、环境等学科 ;南极研究中发展最快的学科有环境科学、信息科学 ,在北极地区 ,环境科学、生物科学、信息科学和医学的发展较为迅速 ;极地冰川学科与其它学科产生交叉研究 ,出现了一些新的分支 ,学科交叉发展和分支现象在极地的其它极地学科领域也普遍存在 ,也是极地学科发展变化的趋势之一。     

Global plasmaspheric TEC and its relative contribution to GPS TEC

The plasmaspheric electron content is directly estimated from the global positioning system (GPS) data onboard JASON-1 Satellite for the first time. Similarly, the ground-based GPS total electron content (TEC) is estimated using about 1000 GPS receivers distributed around the globe. The relative contribution of the plasmaspheric electron content to the ground-based GPS TEC is then estimated globally using these two independent simultaneous measurements; namely ground-based GPS TEC and JASON-1 GPS TEC. Results presented here include data from 3 months of different solar cycle conditions (October 2003, May 2005, and December 2006). The global comparison between the two independent measurements was performed by dividing the data into three different regions; equatorial, mid- and high-latitude regions. This division is essential as the GPS raypaths traverse different distances through the plasmasphere at different latitudes. The raypath length through the plasmasphere decreases as latitude increases. The relative contribution of the plasmaspheric electron content exhibits a diurnal variation that depends on latitude with minimum contribution (10%) during daytime and maximum (up to 60%) at night. The contribution is also maximum at the equatorial region where the GPS raypath traverses a long distance through the plasmasphere compared to its length in mid- and high-latitude regions. Finally, the solar cycle variation of plasmaspheric contribution is also reported globally.     

MEEMD-Elman神经网络的电离层TEC预报模型

利用IGS中心提供的不同纬度的电离层TEC值,建立基于改进的集总平均经验模态分解(MEEMD)算法和Elman回归神经网络(ERNN)模型相结合的电离层TEC预报模型。实验结果表明,在低、中、高不同纬度采用本文方法预报5 d电离层TEC的预测值的均方根误差最优可达到0.96 TECu,相对精度最优达到95.4%,精度较EMD-ERNN模型及单一ERNN模型有显著提高。     

Plasma structure within poleward-moving cusp/cleft auroral transients: EISCAT Svalbard radar observations and an explanation in terms of large local time extent of events

We report high-resolution observations of the southward-IMF cusp/cleft ionosphere made on December 16th 1998 by the EISCAT (European incoherent scatter) Svalbard radar (ESR), and compare them with observations of dayside auroral luminosity, as seen at a wavelength of 630 nm by a meridian scanning photometer at Ny Ålesund, and of plasma flows, as seen by the CUTLASS (co-operative UK twin location auroral sounding system) Finland HF radar. The optical data reveal a series of poleward-moving transient red-line (630 nm) enhancements, events that have been associated with bursts in the rate of magnetopause reconnection generating new open flux. The combined observations at this time have strong similarities to predictions of the effects of soft electron precipitation modulated by pulsed reconnection, as made by Davis and Lockwood (1996); however, the effects of rapid zonal flow in the ionosphere, caused by the magnetic curvature force on the newly opened field lines, are found to be a significant additional factor. In particular, it is shown how enhanced plasma loss rates induced by the rapid convection can explain two outstanding anomalies of the 630 nm transients, namely how minima in luminosity form between the poleward-moving events and how events can re-brighten as they move poleward. The observations show how cusp/cleft aurora and transient poleward-moving auroral forms appear in the ESR data and the conditions which cause enhanced 630 nm emission in the transients: they are an important first step in enabling the ESR to identify these features away from the winter solstice when supporting auroral observations are not available.     

基于混合罚函数法的多尺度电离层层析确权方法

在利用GNSS进行像素基电离层层析时,多尺度层析方法利用权重因子将反演区域不同像素层析模型结合在一起,最终得到电离层电子密度反演结果,可以有效地解决电离层层析过程中不适应问题和最终的电离层电子密度失真现象。在多尺度电离层层析中,不同像素尺度层析模型之间权重是影响最终的电离层电子密度精度的重要因素。为了获得高精度电离层层析模型,考虑到权重因子存在着等式和不等式限制条件,采用解决最优化问题的罚函数法确定不同像素尺度电离层层析模型之间的权重。通过采用实测GNSS观测数据进行电离层多尺度电离层层析,对比了多尺度层析模型的各个子模型建模精度并进行分析,同时将罚函数法获得的模型精度与其他确权方法进行了对比,该方法可以有效地应用于多尺电离层度层析,且最终的层析模型精度优于其他确权方法,更优于单尺度电离层层析模型精度。     

对流电场产生电离层扰动的典型事例

用欧空局ＥＩＳＣＡＴ极光区非相干散射雷达观测资料、南极中山站电离层垂测站和我国１２０°Ｅ电离层站链ｆ０Ｆ２资料，分析了１９９１年５月２～３日一次主要由磁层对流引起的电离层扰动过程。从形态特征上看，它与热层中性大气参与的动力耦合过程明显地不同。对照比较表明，这是一次典型的磁层－电离层电动耦合事例。全球地磁站网资料从另一侧面证实，本文讨论的耦合机制是正确的。