MSCT多期扫描在肾癌亚型诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨肾癌（RCC）常见亚型多排螺旋CT（MSCT）多期增强扫描表现,提高诊断准确率。方法：回顾性分析44例经手术病理证实的肾癌的MSCT强化特点。测量CT平扫及多期增强的肿瘤CT值及邻近肾皮质的CT值,对多期相的肿瘤CT值及肿瘤/肾皮质CT值之比值进行比较分析。结果：肾癌3种亚型CT平扫值在统计学上无显著性差异,非透明细胞癌（乳头状肾癌和嫌色细胞癌）在多期增强的皮质期、实质期及延迟期的CT值要低于透明细胞癌（各期P值均为0.000）,非透明细胞癌在皮质期、实质期及延迟期的肿瘤/肾皮质CT值的比值与透明细胞癌间有统计学差异（各期P值均为0.000）,乳头状肾癌与嫌色细胞癌在增强扫描各期的CT绝对值间比较无统计学差异（P值分别为0.376、0.315、0.382）,但在皮质期、实质期及延迟期肿瘤/肾皮质CT值之比值上乳头状肾癌与嫌色细胞癌之间有统计学差异（各期P值分别为0.046、0.031、0.048）。结论：MSCT增强多期扫描有助于鉴别透明细胞癌与其他亚型,但不典型的乳头状肾癌与嫌色细胞癌的鉴别较难。     

螺旋CT对肺撕裂伤的诊断及动态观察应用价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT在肺撕裂伤的诊断及动态观察中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析20例肺撕裂伤的CT表现。结果：20例患者共发现45个病灶,右肺25个,左肺20个。CT表现为肺气囊9个、肺气液囊12个、胸膜下气泡影15个、肺血肿7个及楔形含气裂隙2个。肺撕裂伤周围均合并不同程度的肺挫伤。45个病灶中,26个病灶位于肺表面或胸膜下,5个病灶位于肺深部,14个病灶位于脊柱旁。20例患者均伴有肋骨骨折,8例患者合并血气胸。CT动态观察,发现7个肺气囊腔内见液体进入,形成肺气液囊;胸膜下气泡影6例形成血气胸,5例出现肺血肿伴胸腔积液;1~2月肺气囊、肺气液囊及肺血肿吸收和缩小。结论：肺气囊、肺气液囊及胸膜下气泡影是肺撕裂伤特征性CT表现,肺楔形含气裂隙是该病特有的CT征象。CT检查是早期发现、诊断和动态观察肺撕裂伤最有效的影像检查方法。     

Lateral Inhomogeneity of Basement Layer in Three Gorges Region of Changjiang River (Yangtze River)

Seismic tomography from the Pg wave data along the non-longitudinal profile in the Three Gorges Region is presented in this paper.The seismic tomography method,and the acquisition and analysis of seismic travel time are broadly outlined.The tomography of basement reveals a great amount of significant information and shows that the low-velocity zone is due to the lithologic difference and the fault fracture zone.It also demonstrates that there exist three high-velocity zones with v>6.4 km/s at the basement; the largest of zones which strikes north-south is located at the southwestern side of Huangling Anticlinorium and extends into the anticlinorium northward.The other two high-velocity zones are,respectively,situated at the eastern side of the anticlinorium and the western side of the profile.The high-velocity zones are inferred to originate from the upwelling of material with high-velocity from deep crust.     

土壤Cd污染对甘蓝光学显微成像特征的影响

在不同浓度CdNO_3的土壤中栽培甘蓝,应用光学相干层析成像系统(OCT)对甘蓝不同生长时期的叶片进行检测。结果显示:土壤中Cd含量较低时OCT值有降低的趋势,表明Cd对甘蓝植物的种子萌友与生长有一定的促进作用;而Cd浓度高于100mg/kg时,OCT值持续升高,表明Cd对甘蓝植物的种子萌发与生长均起到强烈的抑制作用,并且后期的累积作用对甘蓝叶片组织造成一定的损害。     

Velocity structure of uppermost mantle beneath China continent from Pn tomography

39473 Pn travel times are inverted to tomographically image both lateral variation and anisotropy of uppermost mantle velocities beneath China continent. The result indicates that the overall average Pn velocity of uppermost mantle in the studied region is 8.0 km/s and the regional velocity fluctuation varies from ?0.30 km/s to +0.35 km/s. Pn velocities higher than 8.2 km/s are found in the regions surrounding Qingzang Plateau, such as Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin and Sichun Basin. Pn velocities slightly lower than the average are found in western Sichuan and Yunnan, Shanxi Graben and Bohai Bay region. A Pn velocity as low as 7.8 km/s may exist in the region striding the boundary between Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. In general, Pn velocity in tectonically stable region like cratonic platform tends to be high, while that in tectonically active region tends to be low. The regions in compressive setting usually show higher Pn velocity, while extensional basins or grabens generally display lower one. Anisotropy of Pn velocity is seen in some regions. In the southeastern region of Qingzang Plateau the directions of fastest Pn velocity show a rotation pattern, which may be related to southeastward escape of the plateau material due to the collision and compression of Indian Plate to Asia along Himalaya arc. Notable anisotropy also exists around Bohai Bay region, likely indicating crustal extending and possible magma activity therein.     

基于FCM聚类约束的直流电阻率法与地震走时成像法二维联合反演

通过引入模糊均值聚类(FCM)模型约束函数对电阻率与速度进行约束,开展二维直流电阻率法与地震初至波走时成像法联合反演研究.在地下浅层结构勘探中,通常低电阻率的地质体具有低速特征,较高电阻率的地质体表现为较高的地震波速度.直流电阻率法因为低电阻率区域吸引电流而对其敏感,地震走时成像法因为射线集中在高波速区而对高速体敏感,因此,两者联合成像能够大幅度提高反演效果.合成数据反演表明,直流电阻率法和地震初至波走时联合反演对于两类地质体的分辨能力均有提升,能够优势互补.尤其是引入FCM模型约束进行联合反演,根据已知物性进行监督学习,进一步提高了反演质量,改善了成像模型的分辨率.

     

Seismic tomography of Yunnan region using short-period surface wave phase velocity

Introduction The Yunnan region is located on the east margin of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates; it belongs to the south section of the N-S Seismic Belt of China and is the junc-ture of the Yangtze metaplatform, Songpan-Garz?fold system, Sanjiang fold system and South China fold system. This region has complex tectonic movements, crisscross faults and frequently occurring strong earthquakes, and hence it is one of the regions with the strongest earthquake ac-tivi…     

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis of corroded glass objects

Microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) is a useful tool for non-destructive analysis of corroded archaeological glass objects and for monitoring restoration and conservation processes for these materials. This was demonstrated by µCT analysis of artificially corroded laboratory-produced glasses and corroded archaeological glasses retrieved from soil environments. Corrosion layers with a thickness of 20 µm or more can be detected as areas with lower X-ray attenuation values than the non-corroded glass. Features that are revealed by µCT analyses include the degree and patterns of corrosion and the presence of various internal structures in the corrosion layers. The study of restored corroded glasses demonstrates that mechanical and laser cleaning can be monitored efficiently. The study of consolidation practices, using test objects, requires the use of additives to increase X-ray attenuation values of the organic compounds that are used.     

全球非均匀模型中的远震走时层析成像

远震走时层析成像是研究地球内部结构的重要工具. 通常, 远震走时层析成像使用一维地球参考模型计算研究区域外地震射线. 由于地球存在广泛非均匀结构, 传统远震走时层析成像在计算射线时忽略了研究区域外非均匀结构对射线的影响, 最终导致对研究区域内的成像结果产生影响. 为了减小模型外地球非均匀结构对远震走时层析成像的影响, 本文利用迎风差分格式数值求解程函方程, 得到全球非均匀模型中的远震射线, 以此为基础发展了基于全球非均匀模型的远震走时成像方法. 为了检验本文成像方法提升成像精度的有效性, 选取青藏高原东北缘为研究对象. 合成测试和实际数据成像结果显示, 在考虑地球非均匀结构以后, 成像结果更精确, 结果展现更多成像细节.