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991.
We have used satellite solutions to the low degree zonal harmonics of the Earth's gravitational potential, and rates of surface accumulation to partially constrain, by means of repeated forward solution, the time rates of thickness change over the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (dTA and dTG respectively). In addition to the observed zonal coefficients j2 through j5 we impose only one other constraint: That dTA and dTG are proportional to surface accumulation. The lagged response of the Earth to secular changes in ice thickness spanning recent time periods (up to 2000 years before present) and the late Pleistocene is accounted for by means of two viscoelastic rebound models. The sea level contributions from the ice sheets, calculated from dTA and dTG, lower mantle viscosity, and the start time of present-day thickness change are all variables subject to the constraints. For a given set of post glacial rebound inputs, a family of solutions that have similar characteristics and that agree well with observation are obtained from the large number of forward solutions. The off axis position of the Greenland ice sheet makes its contribution to the low degree zonal coefficients less sensitive to the spatial details of the mass balance than to the overall sea level contribution. dTG is therefore modeled as surface mass balance offset by a uniform and constant mass loss. Though dTA varies widely with choices of input parameters, the combined sea level contribution from both ice sheets is reasonably well constrained by the gravity coefficients, and is predicted to range from -0.9 to +1.6 mm yr-1. The sign of the slope of the low degree zonal coefficients versus sea level contribution for Greenland is positive, but for Antarctica, the sign of the slope is positive for even degree and negative for odd degree harmonics. By using this property of the zonal coefficients, it is possible to determine the individual sea level contributions for Greenland and Antarctica. They vary from -0.6 to +0.3 mm yr-1 for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and from -0.3 to +1.3 mm yr-1 for the Antarctic Ice Sheet. 相似文献
992.
晚更新世以来巴丹吉林南缘地区沙漠演化 总被引:15,自引:6,他引:15
巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区含风成砂地层广泛分布。由于受东亚夏季风降水尾闾摆动的影响,本区沙漠在晚更新世以来的演化中表现出微弱的波动性质。全球冰期气候波动主宰着本区沙漠的演化方向;青藏高原的隆起使该区变得更加干旱。 相似文献
993.
西伯利亚含盐地位于西伯利亚地台。含钾盐系属下寒武统安加拉组,岩盐层总厚600余米,钾盐层厚70-150m,共有钾石盐岩和钾石盐-光卤石岩6层。钾石盐层中KCl含量达35%-45%,MgCl2和水下溶物含量均小于1%,含盐盆地四周以堡礁带和陆岛与广海相隔,含钾坳陷处于地台上坳陷最深部位。 相似文献
994.
995.
On the Matmata Plateau, the sedimentological characteristics of the peri-desert loess and the interbedded palaeosols (particle-size distribution; chemical and mineralogical composition of major components; trace elements; clay mineral assemblage; heavy mineral assemblage; SEM-examined surficial textures of the quartz and palygorskite grains) show notable homogeneity: they also indicate its allochthonous origins (the main sedimentary source being the Great Eastern Erg), its transport as an aeolian suspension sediment prior to deposition, and moderate pedogenesis acting during deposition. The emplacement of the loess was synchronous with a ‘pluvial’ steppe palaeoenvironment moister than at present, as shown by 18O and 13C data. The palaeosols point to a weak pedogenesis and colluvial and alluvial reworking that were contemporary with the aeolian deposition. 14C radiometric dating suggests a main period of pluvial dust-fall/loess deposition in the Upper Pleistocene (until 10 000 yr BP) and a shorter one in the Middle Holocene. 相似文献
996.
我国东部晚第四纪气候演变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
晚第四纪气候演变有3个主要阶段:最后间冰期、大理冰期和冰后期。最后间冰期分3个暖期和2个冰期,最高温高于现在4℃。大理冰期分3个副冰期和2个副间冰期,最低温低于现在8—13℃;但冰暖变幅7—8℃的气候旋回可达10个。冰后期气候变化分4个阶段,冷暖变幅仅5-6℃。气候变化全过程表明,未来气候趋向变冷,人为影响只能起减缓或促进作用,而不能转变总趋向。 相似文献
997.
998.
Paleolimnology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys,Antarctica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The McMurdo Dry Valleys presently contain more than 20 permanent lakes and ponds, which vary markedly in character. All, with the exception of a hypersaline pond, have a perennial ice-cover. The dry valley lakes, and lakes in other ice-free regions of continental Antarctica, are unique on this planet in that they consistently maintain a thick year-round ice cover (2.8–6.0 m) over liquid water. The persistent ice covers minimize wind-generated currents and reduce light penetration, as well as restricting sediment deposition into a lake and the exchange of atmospheric gases between the water column and the atmosphere. From a paleolimnological perspective, the dry valley lakes offer an important record of catchment and environmental changes. These lakes are also modern-day equivalents of periglacial lakes that were common during glacial periods at temperature latitudes. The present lakes are mostly remnants of larger glacial lakes that occupied the valleys in the past, perhaps up to 4.6 Ma ago. Two of the valleys contain evidence of being filled with large glacial lakes within the last 10000 years. Repeated drying and filling events since then have left a characteristic impression on the salt profiles of some lakes creating a unique paleo-indicator within the water column. These events are also marked in the sediments by the concentration and dilution of certain chemical constituents, particularly salts, and are also corroborated by carbonate speciation and oxygen isotope analysis. Stratigraphic analysis of dry valley lake sediments is made difficult by the occurrence of an old carbon reservoir creating spurious radiocarbon dates, and by the high degree of spatial variability in lake sedimentation. From a biological perspective, the lakes are relatively simple, containing various taxa of planktonic and benthic microorganisms, but no higher forms of life, which is an advantage to paleolimnologists because there is no bioturbation in the sediments. Useful biological paleo-indicators found in the sediments include cyanobacterial filament sheaths, diatom frustules and other eukaryotic algal cells, protozoan cysts, photosynthetic pigments, and minerals (e.g. carbonates) associated with microbial activity. Future work will benefit from fully characterizing the connection between the ice covers, environmental conditions, and paleo-indicators, thereby allowing refinement of inferences made concerning the paleoenvironment. New dating techniques need to be tested in this environment to overcome the problems associated with radiocarbon dating. The establishment of a detailed and focused paleolimnological campaign is proposed. 相似文献
999.
GIS支持下的青藏公路沿线高含冰量冻土空间分布模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Relationships among ground ice, Quaternary soil type, vegetation cover, digital terrain model (DTM), permafrost ground temperature and topographic units are applied. Using comprehensive evaluated method and coding interpolation, spatial distribution of ground ice in permafrost regions along Qinghai-Tibetan Highway (QTH) is modeled according to GIS spatial analysis. Comparing with result,model precision can be approached to 81.2 %. Its study precision can satisfy engineering need for a small - scale study 相似文献
1000.
通过实验比较了在云室中检测冰晶的两种方法-糖盘法和玻片法,结果表明玻璃片测到的冰晶数比糖盘高数倍,讨论了两种方法检测的上下限,优缺点及应用范围。 相似文献