基于GIS的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台构建研究

广东省交通运输厅从2012年起,组织分期研究开发基于地理信息系统的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台（简称＂平台＂）,旨在建立健全统一的全省交通运输业数据采集、发布标准及技术管理规范,分别构建5大类运输方式线网及重要的运输枢纽站场节点的多级图层,叠加形成全省综合运输体系布局规划＂一张图＂。＂平台＂采用4层设计,依托后台管理、应用分析和综合展示3大子系统,搭建了基础地理信息、经济社会、交通运输现状、综合运输体系规划成果及其他共5大类数据库,＂平台（一期）＂于2014年3月26日通过验收,实现了多维度、多视角展示和查询交通运输业数据成果的预期功能。研究实践将力促综合运输体系规划研究和决策方式实行根本性变革。     

黑龙江省位置服务中心建设与发展

重点介绍黑龙江省位置服务中心十年建设过程与研究成果,就中心硬件配备、平台建设进行阐述;对位置服务平台的逻辑组成、功能架构、终端产品接入及服务接口情况作详细说明;针对中心在北斗领域的研究应用、多年来探索的服务模式,以及位置服务标准化建设所做工作进行探讨。文末对黑龙江省位置服务中心下一步的新技术研究与产品化、市场化策略予以展望。     

宜昌地区早志留世（Llandoverian）腕足类一新科Spinochonetidae (fam. nov.)及其意义

腕足类新科Spinochonetidae(fam.nov.)建立在宜昌地区志留系兰多维列统罗惹坪组下段中部(上埃隆阶)的Spinochonetes Rong,Xu et Yang(1974)和Spinolella(gen.nov.)两个属,以及一个属、种未定的分类单元的基础上。新科成员仅有从腹壳喙部伸出一根直的腹喙刺,这与Chonetoidea超科内的Strophochonetidae科以及Chonestrophiidae科众成员的铰合缘刺都是从腹壳铰合缘上伸出来的有着本质差别。另外,本文还对Spinochonetes以及它的属型种S.notata Rong,Xu et Yang(1974)进行重要图解和补充描述。与此同时,对Spinolella(gen.nov),以及S.minuta(gen.et sp.nov.)进行系统描述和对比。据目前所知,新科成员只分布于我国鄂西、黔东北、陕南和川北等地,属于上扬子台地的土族居民。因为Spinochonetidae(fam.nov.)属于腕足类独特的一个类型,演化快,贝体极小,保存精美,因此具有分类学、地层对比,以及恢复古环境等方面的重要意义。     

Response and recovery of the Comanche carbonate platform surrounding multiple Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events,northern Gulf of Mexico

The ubiquity of carbonate platforms throughout the Cretaceous Period is recognized as a product of high eustatic sea-level and a distinct climatic optimum induced by rapid sea-floor spreading and elevated levels of atmospheric carbon-dioxide. Notably, a series of global oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) punctuate this time-interval and mark periods of significantly reduced free oxygen in the world's oceans. The best records of these events are often from one-dimensional shelf or basin sections where only abrupt shifts between oxygenated carbonates and anoxic shales are recorded. The Comanche Platform of central Texas provides a unique opportunity to study these events within a well-constrained stratigraphic framework in which their up-dip and down-dip sedimentologic effects can be observed and the recovery of the platform to equilibrium states can be timed and understood. Stable isotope data from whole cores in middle Hauterivian through lower Campanian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata are used to construct a 52-myr carbon isotope reference profile for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Correlation of this composite curve to numerous global reference profiles permits identification of several anoxic events and allows their impact on platform architecture and facies distribution to be documented. Oceanic anoxic events 1a, 1b, 1d, and 2 occurred immediately before, after, or during shale deposition in the Pine Island Member, Bexar Member, Del Rio Formation, and Eagle Ford Group, respectively. Oceanic anoxic event 3 corresponds to deposition of the Austin Chalk Group. Platform drowning on three occasions more closely coincided with globally recognized anoxic sub-events such as the Fallot, Albian-Cenomanian, and Mid-Cenomanian events. This illustrates that the specific anoxic event most affecting a given carbonate platform varied globally as a function of regional oceanographic circumstances.Using chemo- and sequence-stratigraphic observations, a four-stage model is proposed to describe the changing facies patterns, fauna, sedimentation accumulation rates, platform architectures, and relative sea-level trends of transgressive-regressive composite sequences that developed in response to global carbon-cycle perturbations. The four phases of platform evolution include the equilibrium, crisis, anoxic, and recovery stages. The equilibrium stage is characterized by progradational shelf geometries and coral-rudist phototrophic faunal assemblages. Similar phototrophic fauna typify the crisis stage; however, incipient biocalcification crises of this phase led to retrogradational shelf morphologies, transgressive facies patterns, and increased clay mineral proportions. Anoxic stages of the Comanche Platform were coincident with back-ground deposition of organic-rich shale on drowned shelves and heterotrophic fauna dominated by oysters or coccolithophorids. Eustatic peaks of this stage were of moderate amplitude (∼30 m), yet relative sea-level rises were greatly enhanced by reduced sedimentation rates. In the recovery stage, heterotrophic carbonate factories re-established at the shoreline as progradational ramp systems and sediment accumulation rates slowly increased as dysoxia diminished. Full recovery to equilibrium conditions may or may not have followed. Geochemical and stratigraphic trends present in the four stages are consistent with increased volcanism along mid-ocean ridges and in large-igneous provinces as primary drivers of Cretaceous OAEs and the resulting transgressive-regressive composite sequences.     

辽东复州湾中石炭世地层兼论华北地台中石炭统的划分

华北地台中石炭统本溪组一般仅代表中石炭世晚期沉积。从已知的几十个海陆交互相本溪组剖面来看,其中（虫筳）类生物群为Fusulina-Fusulinella带;牙形石生物群为Idtognathodus magnificus-Ⅰ.claviformis-Neognathodus ruondyi带,在整个华北地台均可依此进行对比。但在辽东半岛南缘的复州湾一带,中石炭世沉积特征却恰好与本溪剖面相反,下部层段以灰岩为主,上部层段以碎屑岩为主。下部含6层灰岩,（虫筳）类以Profusulinella的丰富种群为特征,可建立Profusulinella带,并可进而划分为3个亚带。牙形石则为Idiognathoides sinuatus-Ⅰ.corrugatus-Declinognathodus lateralis带。复州湾含灰岩为主的下部层段和本溪含碎屑岩为主的下部层段对比,依前者之生物组合建立本溪组下部复州湾段（c21）,代表华北地台中石炭世早期沉积;复州湾以碎屑岩为主的上部层段和本溪含5层灰岩的上部层段对比,依后者之生物组合限定为本溪组上部牛毛岭段（c22）,代表华北地台中石炭世晚期沉积。     

华北地台本溪组,太原组火山事件沉积特征及时空分布规律

作者对华北地台24个煤田及煤矿区进行了详细的研究,在本溪组及太原组中共发现6期12次火山事件层。这些火山事件沉积遍及全区,主要为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩及凝灰质沉积岩,它们在时空分布上有一定规律。火山碎屑可能来自华北地台以北及以南若干不同的火山源,而岩浆可能来自下地壳。      

Validation of the SCEC Broadband Platform simulations for tall building risk assessments considering spectral shape and duration of the ground motion

Earthquake simulation technologies are advancing to the stage of enabling realistic simulations of past earthquakes as well as characterizations of more extreme events, thus holding promise of yielding novel insights and data for earthquake engineering. With the goal of developing confidence in the engineering applications of simulated ground motions, this paper focuses on validation of simulations for response history analysis through comparative assessments of building performance obtained using sets of recorded and simulated motions. Simulated ground motions of past earthquakes, obtained through a larger validation study of the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform, are used for the case study. Two tall buildings, a 20‐story concrete frame and a 42‐story concrete core wall building, are analyzed under comparable sets of simulated and recorded motions at increasing levels of ground motion intensity, up to structural collapse, to check for statistically significant differences between the responses to simulated and recorded motions. Spectral shape and significant duration are explicitly considered when selecting ground motions. Considered demands include story drift ratios, floor accelerations, and collapse response. These comparisons not only yield similar results in most cases but also reveal instances where certain simulated ground motions can result in biased responses. The source of bias is traced to differences in correlations of spectral values in some of the stochastic ground motion simulations. When the differences in correlations are removed, simulated and recorded motions yield comparable results. This study highlights the utility of physics‐based simulations, and particularly the Southern California Earthquake Center Broadband Platform as a useful tool for engineering applications.     

广州市公众地理信息服务平台的设计与开发

论述了城市基础测绘部门开发公众地理信息平台的必要性和优势,分析并讨论了公共地理信息服务平台中的公众地理信息服务平台、基础地理信息服务平台和政务地理信息服务平台在数据内容、功能框架、网络体系、服务对象上的不同,以广州市公众地理信息服务平台的开发为例,详细介绍了该平台的数据内容、功能框架和系统特色,该平台对其他城市开发类似的公众地理信息服务平台具有一定的参考作用。     

Impact of strong easterly trade winds on carbonate petroleum exploration - Relationships developed from Caicos Platform,southeastern Bahamas

Brisk, persistent easterly trade wind influences define Holocene patterns of carbonate sedimentation across the Caicos Platform (southeastern Bahamas). Resultant predictive sedimentary facies models based on trade wind influences are more widely applicable to the exploration for subsurface carbonate plays than are existing models based on the northern Bahamas facies patterns, which are characterized by gentle trade winds and strong platform-margin-related oceanic processes (swells and tidal currents). The Caicos Platform relationships may be more applicable because many ancient shallow carbonate depositional environments were within the trade wind belts and commonly within broad intracratonic seas that were little influenced by oceanic processes.The grainstone-dominated Caicos Platform exhibits reservoir potential over much of its surface, in contrast to northern Bahamian platforms, where oceanic tidal currents or swells and gentle easterly trade winds confine higher energy environments with reservoir potential to platform margins. Strong easterly trade winds across Caicos Platform promote widespread Holocene platform-interior oolitic, skeletal and grapestone grainstone bodies on this platform. Orientations of ooid sand bodies vary depending on preexisting topography, water depth and bottom energy. Shallow subtidal ooid sand shoals orient parallel to these winds. Ooid sands developed along older shorelines orient parallel to the shorelines but prograde perpendicular into these winds. Deeper platform-interior oolitic sands exist as widespread, sheet-like deposits. These trade winds allow reefs and ooids to coexist in many settings, permit isolated linear reefs to flourish on certain leeward platform margins, and promote effective off-bank transport of carbonate sands that create onlapping grainstone wedges. These relationships are very applicable to the rock record.Strong trade wind influences, such as seen on Caicos Platform, better explain the occurrence of Cretaceous reef and/or oolitic grainstone reservoirs developed well in from platform margins (Fairway Field in East Texas; Black Lake Field in Louisiana) than do existing northern Bahamian models. Depositional models based on conditions in the northern Bahamian models would predict low-energy facies in these platform-interior settings. A trade-wind-driven depositional model, characterized by strong persistent easterlies, also better explains the origin of the onlapping wedge of skeletal grainstones at Poza Rica oilfield in Mexico.The Caicos Platform easterly trade-wind-driven depositional model should generally apply to any ancient shallow carbonate environment that developed 5–22° north or south of the paleoequator, whether or not a platform margin was near by. Future carbonate exploration or exploitation should always factor in not only geological age, but also physiographic, latitudinal and climatic setting at a global and local scale.     

利马气候大会成果分析与展望

利马气候大会达成的《利马气候行动号令》明确了《联合国气候变化框架公约》所有原则,尤其是共同但有区别的责任原则适用于拟于2015年巴黎会议达成的新协议。会议还就“国家自主决定的贡献”等做出了决定。利马大会成果对2015年巴黎气候大会达成气候变化新协议具有重要推动作用。面对2020年后的新挑战,中国需尽快制定应对气候变化法,建立碳排放交易机制,促进对应对气候变化先进技术投资,以及加大参与治理国际气候变化事务力度。