导向钻进法用三翼回拉扩孔钻头最优切削角计算

分析了导向钻进法用三冀回拉扩孔钻头在复杂地层条件下的力学性质，推导了计算不同岩石的最优切削角公式，并得出常见岩石的最优切削角值，进一步对回拉扩孔钻头的结构形式提出了优化，为导向钻进法回拉扩孔施工达到最优钻进，提供了必要的力学计算依据。     

巷道围岩塑性状态判定分析方法

本文依照莫尔-库仑屈服条件和非关联流动准则, 从地应力场及地下巷道开挖工程特点出发, 提出对围岩塑性屈服状态进行判定的方法。对无支护巷道和水泥锚杆支护巷道围岩进行有限元分析表明, 巷道开挖以后及时支设锚杆, 对出现塑性屈服的围岩起到了等效提高其刚度和强度的作用, 从而增加了围岩稳定性。与现场实测结果对比说明, 非关联流动准则比关联流动准则更符合实际。     

辽宁四道沟金矿床的脉动构造

辽宁四道沟金矿床内直接控制矿化的主要为一系列不规则的小型微型裂隙,这些控矿裂隙形成于叠加褶曲作用晚期,是一种脉动构造。叠加褶曲轴都是脉动构造发育的良好地段。根据流体包裹体特征,可将脉动作用划分为四个阶段,表明了成矿的多阶段性。     

塑料大棚小气候开发利用及气象服务探讨

根据大量资料分析和实地考察,对我国塑料大棚小气候开发利用进行了综述,并对蔬菜大棚气象服务进行探讨,为塑料大棚应用于农业产业化,取得更好经济效益,提供参考。     

用塑料薄膜袋进行一级藻种培养的研究

本文主要介绍用塑料薄膜袋代替1—2×1O~4mL细口瓶来进行饵料一级藻种培养,此法保证了扇贝育苗所需大量饵料的优质藻种,简单易行。 Ⅰ.材料与方法 Ⅰ.1.制袋的材料和方法 采用直径30cm,长度120cm的聚乙烯透明     

基于极限强度和逐步坍塌分析的空间框架有限元研究

对海洋工程结构基于极限强度和逐步坍塌的理念进行有限元分析中的几个问题进行了探讨,给出了有限元分析的弹性分析理论和塑性考虑方法,并对实施有限元分析过程中的控制进行了分析,对几个主要问题进行了讨论,为提高分析的可靠性奠定了坚实的基础。     

Performance of the veto detector incorporated into the ZEPLIN-III experiment

The ZEPLIN-III experiment is operating in its second phase at the Boulby Underground Laboratory in search of dark matter WIMPs. The major upgrades to the instrument over its first science run include lower background photomultiplier tubes and installation of a plastic scintillator veto system. Performance results from the veto detector using calibration and science data in its first six months of operation in coincidence with ZEPLIN-III are presented. With fully automated operation and calibration, the veto system has maintained high stability and achieves near unity live time relative to ZEPLIN-III. Calibrations with a neutron source demonstrate a rejection of 60% of neutron-induced nuclear recoils in ZEPLIN-III that might otherwise be misidentified as WIMPs. This tagging efficiency reduces the expected untagged nuclear recoil background from neutrons during science data taking to a very low rate of ?0.2 events per year in the WIMP acceptance region. Additionally, the veto detector provides rejection of 28% of γ-ray induced background events, allowing the sampling of the dominant source of background in ZEPLIN-III - multiple scatter γ-rays with rare topologies. Since WIMPs will not be tagged by the veto detector, and tags due to γ-rays and neutrons are separable, this population of multiple scatter events may be characterised without biasing the analysis of candidate WIMP signals in the data.     

Diffuse pollution by persistent organic pollutants as measured in plastic pellets sampled from various beaches in Greece

Plastic pellets found stranded on beaches are hydrophobic organic materials and thus, they are a favourable medium for persistent organic pollutants to absorb to. In the present study, plastic pellets are used to determine the diffuse pollution of selected Greek beaches. Samples of pellets were taken from these beaches and were analyzed for PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, and PAHs. The observed differences among pellets from various sampling sites are related to the pollution occurring at each site. Plastic pellets collected in Saronikos Gulf beaches demonstrate much higher pollutant loading than the ones collected in a remote island or close to an agricultural area. Based on data collected in this study and the International Pellet Watch program, pollution in Saronikos Gulf, Greece, is comparable to other heavily industrialized places of the world. The present study demonstrates the potential of pellet watch to be utilized as a detailed-scale monitoring tool within a single country.     

Plastic ingestion in Franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais and d'Orbigny, 1844), from Argentina

Plastic debris (PD) ingestion was examined in 106 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally captured in artisanal fisheries of the northern coast of Argentina. Twenty-eight percent of the dolphins presented PD in their stomach, but no ulcerations or obstructions were recorded in the digestive tracts. PD ingestion was more frequent in estuarine (34.6%) than in marine (19.2%) environments, but the type of debris was similar. Packaging debris (cellophane, bags, and bands) was found in 64.3% of the dolphins, with a lesser proportion (35.7%) ingesting fishery gear fragments (monofilament lines, ropes, and nets) or of unknown sources (25.0%). PD ingestion correlated with ontogenetic changes in feeding regimes, reaching maximum values in recently weaned dolphins. Because a simultaneous increase in gillnet entanglement and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals take place at this stage, the first months after trophic independence should be considered as a key phase for the conservation of Franciscana dolphin stocks in northern Argentina.     

Marine debris ingestion by Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus (Aves: Sphenisciformes), from the Brazilian coastal zone

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) are non-breeding winter visitors to the Brazilian coast. In 2008 and 2010, plastic items and other marine debris were found in the stomachs and intestines of 15% of 175 dead penguins collected in the Lagos Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. One bird had its stomach perforated by a plastic straw, which may have caused its death. There are few records of penguins ingesting plastic litter, but previous studies have found similar levels of debris ingestion among Magellanic penguins stranded on the Brazilian coast (35.8% of 397 birds). The high incidence of marine debris in this species in Brazil may result at least in part from the predominance of juveniles reaching these waters, as juvenile penguins may have a broader diet than adults. It is unclear to what extent plastic ingestion affects the mortality rate in this species and whether the incidence in stranded birds reflects that in the entire population. The present study addresses the increasing impact of plastic debris on marine life.