未来气候变化对7种荒漠植物分布的潜在影响

利用CART(classification and regression tree,分类和回归树)模型,采用A2和B2气候情景,分析了气候变化对百花蒿、红砂、灌木亚菊、灌木小甘菊、戈壁藜、瓣鳞花和白梭梭分布范围及空间格局的影响.结果显示:气候变化下,就目前适宜分布范围,这些植物都呈现缩小趋势;就新适宜及总适宜分布范围,...     

斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)两种神经肽NPB的发现及表达分析

神经肽B(Neuropeptide B,NPB)在生命体的许多生理活动中发挥着重要作用,如调节摄食行为、能量平衡、睡眠、神经内分泌功能和调节炎症性疼痛等。为了研究在石斑鱼中NPB与摄食调控的关系,本文对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)转录组数据比对分析后,在斜带石斑鱼中克隆得到了两种NPB(NPB1和NPB2)基因的c DNA序列,首次发现鱼类存在两种NPB基因。作者对NPB编码蛋白的信号肽及其成熟肽的结构进行了预测,发现与其它脊椎动物相一致。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,研究了斜带石斑鱼不同组织中的m RNA的表达模式,结果发现NPB1和NPB2在脑组织中广泛表达,且在下丘脑中表达最为丰富;在其它的外周组织器官中也有相应的表达。饥饿试验的研究结果表明,在禁食3d和7d后,NPB1和NPB2的m RNA表达量都发生了显著的下调;复投喂后表达量恢复。由此可见NPB1和NPB2参与了斜带石斑鱼摄食行为的调节。     

基于RNA-seq技术的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)不同组织转录组比较分析

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是我国重要的淡水虾养殖品种,为探讨罗氏沼虾不同组织基因表达差异,本研究使用Illumina Hiseq平台分析了罗氏沼虾的7个组织(眼柄、肝脏、卵巢、鳃、心脏、肌肉、精巢)转录组,质控后获得高质量的clean reads 36325476、56796932、36328098、51370140、45010606、43240160、42404294条,共计46.2 Gb的clean reads数据。测序结果经denovo组装共获得95220个Unigenes,每个Unigenes的平均长度为1064.9bp。经过生物信息学方法与五个数据库(NR, GO, COG, KEGG, SWSS-PRO)比对,共注释到20368个Unigenes。其中GO功能注释将Unigenes分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个大类50个分支;在与COG数据库比对中,共有15798条比对到了同源序列,且一共被分为25类;KEGG代谢通路包括6大类33个小类,可将Unigenes映射到330条代谢通路中。分子标记筛选后获得37751个潜在SSR位点,共发现3228575个SNP位点。本研究通过对罗氏沼虾7个不同组织进行转录组测序,数据组装及功能注释,为进一步深入挖掘和开发利用罗氏沼虾功能基因提供参考。     

基于POM模型的后石电厂附近海域热环境容量计算

阐述了热环境容量的含义,并在POM模型的基础上建立了热传输模型,考虑了热能在垂直方向上的扩散。采用模型试算法计算了后石电厂附近海域的热环境容量和剩余热环境容量,结果表明,后石电厂附近海域的热环境容量为1 496(℃·m3)/s,一、二期工程的剩余热环境容量为350.2(℃·m3)/s,在允许的排放范围;三期扩建后的剩余热环境容量为–413.6(℃·m3)/s,超过该海域的热环境容量。研究结果可为电厂扩建及其附近海域生态环境保护提供参考依据。     

Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.     

Grime的植物对策思想和生态学研究理念

以Grime教授编写的《植物对策、植被过程和生态系统特性》（PlantStrategies,Ve getat ion ProcessesandEcosystemPropert ies;第二版）一书的主要内容为主,介绍了Grime植物对策思想的核心及其价值,阐述了Grime植物生态学研究理念。     

Holocene environmental history and climate of Råtåsjøen,a low-alpine lake in south-central Norway

The Holocene environmental history and climate are reconstructed for Råtåsjøen, a low-alpine lake in south-central Norway. The reconstructions are based on chironomids, diatoms, pollen, plant macrofossils, and sediment characteristics. From plant macrofossil evidence, birch trees (Betula pubescens) immigrated ca. 10,000 cal BP. The chironomid-inferred mean July air temperature was high, but may be unreliable during the early stages of the lakes history due to the high abundance of Chironomus anthracinus type, a taxon that may include several species. From ca. 9000 cal BP the inferred mean July temperature was lower (ca. 9 °C). Temperatures increased towards 8000 cal BP and pine (Pinus sylvestris) reached its upper limit near the lake. July temperature may have become a significant factor controlling long-term pH in the lake, starting shortly after 8000 cal BP. High pH values were associated with periods of warm summers and lower pH values occurred during periods of colder summers. Alkalinity processes within the lake and/or the catchment are possible factors controlling this relationship. A temperature decline at ca. 5400 cal BP separated two 10.6 °C temperature maxima around 6400 and 4500 cal BP. The 1.5 °C decline in July air temperatures from ca. 4400 cal BP was paralleled by a decrease of pH from 7.2 to 6.8. Following the temperature drop, first pine and then birch trees declined and disappeared from the catchment and organic accumulation in the lake increased. The increased organic accumulation rate had a positive effect on diatom production. At ca. 2700 cal BP the temperature reached a minimum (ca. 9.2 °C) and correspondingly a second pH minimum was reached. Temperature decreased again slightly at ca. 400 cal BP during the Little Ice Age, before increasing by about 0.5 °C towards the present. Percentage organic carbon as estimated by loss-on-ignition appears to be better correlated with chironomid-inferred July temperatures than organic accumulation rates, at least for the last 9000 years. Accumulation rates of organic sediments are more coupled with catchment-related processes, such as erosion and major changes in vegetation, than is percentage organic carbon.     

火焰原子吸收法测定植物样品中微量铜

植物样品在500℃灰化,用硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸分解,然后在2％的盐酸介质中,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定植物样品中的微量铜。该方法简单、快速、准确。方法的检出限为0.55×10~(-6),回收率97％—102％。对含量为5.14×10~(-6),9.43×10~(-6)和17.63×10~(-6)的三个植物样品进行分析,其相对标准偏差分别是4.62％、4.22％和2.00％。     

横断山区植物分布和栽培的生态气候学研究

作者总结了横断山区植物分布和栽培的特征:1.某些作物种植上限可达很高的海拔高度。例如:云南省丽江地区水稻种植的上限可达2500m以上;西双版纳南坡的橡胶树林分布超过海拔1000m;柑桔最高种植海拔在四川省巴塘县苏龙洼乡可达2400m。2.一些地方某些作物的产量明显较高。例如:大理市(20°N、100°E,2000m)水稻产量可达15t/ha;丽江县小麦产量高达1 t/ha。3.不同地带性的植物可在同一海拔高度上的某些地点良好地共生在一起。4.冬季经常出现的逆湿,使植物分布倒置现象显著。5.一些热带植物(例如芒果)在横断山较高纬度(22°—27°N)地区生长发育良好且产果甚丰,不象中国东部较低纬度(19.5°—23°N)地区那样不产果或产果少。作者并认为,横断山区是茶和柑桔的发源地或发源地之一。     

Responses to salt stress in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia (Plantaginaceae)

General responses to salt stress have been investigated in the halophyte Plantago crassifolia. Seed germination was strongly inhibited by NaCl, although seed viability and germination capacity were not affected by salt pre-treatments. A concentration-dependent inhibition of plant growth was observed in the presence of NaCl, which was accompanied by the accumulation of Na⁺ ions in the leaves, as determined by cation exchange HPLC. A 20-fold increase of proline content in leaves was observed when plants were treated with 500 m NaCl, suggesting a protective role against high salinity stress for this amino acid, whose possible mechanism of action is discussed.