科尔沁沙地植物多样性对生产力的影响及分布格局

采用种丰富度和以Shannon-Wiener指数为计算方法的功能多样性和组成多样性为指标,探讨了植物多样性对科尔沁沙地草场生产力的影响以及其分布格局特征。结果表明,科尔沁沙地植被不同的物种多样性指数对系统生产力的影响以组成多样性最大,功能多样性次之,植物种丰富度最小。在小尺度上,组成多样性只存在一种格局且具有分形结构,其格局对干扰过程反应不明显;功能多样性有多种格局存在,对多种干扰过程反应敏感。从提高沙地草场生产力和增强系统的稳定性角度出发,草场改良的依据应建立在种的引进和引进种所产生的组成多样性上。     

试论动物非矿化组织的保存

动物非矿物化组织在特异埋葬条件下可保存为化石。缺氧和快速埋葬有利于非矿化组织的保存，但不能阻止微生物的破坏作用。无菌环境下可保存软躯体组织，但在构造变动和古气候变迁等因素的影响下会彻底破坏，不可能在地质历史时期长期存在。最稳定的保存形式是与成岩作用有关的保存类型和以碳化有机质薄膜形式的保存类型。与动物非矿化组织保存有关的常见成岩自生矿物有磷酸盐矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黄铁矿等。其中，磷酸盐矿物在成岩作用过程中结晶最早，可以保存动物的微细构造。这些矿物可以矿化交代动物的肉质和角质使其成为矿化实体；也可以呈假形、铸型或铸模等形式保存。布尔吉斯页岩保存类型中，非矿化组织以碳化有机质薄膜或含水的颧硅酸盐矿物两种形式保存。前可能与粘土矿物吸附有机质、阻止酶的降解作用有关，后可能由自生粘土矿物的交代作用造成。     

植物碳同位素分馏作用与环境变化研究进展

在简述植物碳同位素与环境要素之间关系的基础上,介绍了植物碳同位素分馏机理和分馏模式,并综述了近年来利用植物碳同位素及其组成在研究环境变化方面的研究进展,同时对未来的研究作了展望。     

汤屯高速公路路堑边坡土质特征与生态防护植物配置研究

汤屯高速公路边坡土壤具有偏酸性、有机质低、磷缺乏、铜过量等土质特征。边坡生态防护具有边坡高陡、原生植被彻底破坏、土质贫瘠、缺水、缺肥、生物气候干热胁迫、水土流失严重等难点,遵循交通安全性、景观协调性、生态适应性、生物多样性、经济实用性的原则,提出了以草本植物为主,草、灌、藤有机结合的边坡生态防护植物配置方案,针对全岩质边坡、碎裂结构边坡、土质边坡及边坡的顶部、下沿、平台等部位提出了不同的植物群落配置原则及物种配比方案,对类似工程具有借鉴意义。     

内蒙古乌达早二叠世含植物化石凝灰岩及其地质意义

本文通过对乌达地区山西组下部含树干化石凝灰岩岩性的观察,结合区域构造背景及前入研究成果,与邻区同-火山事件层进行对比,推测凝灰岩层的火山物质可能来源于乌达以北地区,即古亚洲洋向华北板块俯冲引起的弧火山喷发。凝灰岩层中下部和上部所含植物化石差异明显,表明该期火山事件对研究区的地理环境影响显著。另外,古亚洲大洋向华北板块俯冲及其后碰撞作用,可能是贺兰拗拉槽再次活动接受沉积的重要的动力学条件,特别是在晚石炭世-早二叠世时期。     

基于RNA-seq技术的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)不同组织转录组比较分析

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是我国重要的淡水虾养殖品种,为探讨罗氏沼虾不同组织基因表达差异,本研究使用Illumina Hiseq平台分析了罗氏沼虾的7个组织(眼柄、肝脏、卵巢、鳃、心脏、肌肉、精巢)转录组,质控后获得高质量的clean reads 36325476、56796932、36328098、51370140、45010606、43240160、42404294条,共计46.2 Gb的clean reads数据。测序结果经denovo组装共获得95220个Unigenes,每个Unigenes的平均长度为1064.9bp。经过生物信息学方法与五个数据库(NR, GO, COG, KEGG, SWSS-PRO)比对,共注释到20368个Unigenes。其中GO功能注释将Unigenes分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个大类50个分支;在与COG数据库比对中,共有15798条比对到了同源序列,且一共被分为25类;KEGG代谢通路包括6大类33个小类,可将Unigenes映射到330条代谢通路中。分子标记筛选后获得37751个潜在SSR位点,共发现3228575个SNP位点。本研究通过对罗氏沼虾7个不同组织进行转录组测序,数据组装及功能注释,为进一步深入挖掘和开发利用罗氏沼虾功能基因提供参考。     

Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic‐Contaminated Soils

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their phytoremediation potential for arsenic (As) contaminated water under laboratory‐controlled conditions. The genotypes were grown in a hydroponic chamber for 20 days in 250‐mL beakers containing As‐contaminated water. During plant development, changes in plant growth, biomass, and total As were evaluated. Of the 10 genotypes (Pusa Agrani, BTO, Pusa Kranti, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Arka Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav) Pusa Jai Kisan was the most effective in phytoremediating As‐contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. This will provide new information for Indian mustard genotypes for phytoremediating As‐contaminated soils.     

Bioavailability and toxicity of antimony

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic trace element widely distributed in the lithosphere and mainly associated with arsenic. Sb compounds are considered to be pollutants of high interest, however, the biogeochemical behaviour of Sb is still largely unknown, especially compared to other well-known toxic elements. In particular, questions remain about the availability of Sb to vascular plants. In this work, we focused on the following problems: (i) Sb uptake by plants; (ii) the availability of Sb to plants and (iii) variations in uptake and distribution of essential plant nutrients and trace elements resulting from bioaccumulation of Sb in Triticum aestivum (wheat) seedlings. The seedlings were either germinated or grown in media enriched with Sb. By the end of germination, concentrations of Sb in the seedlings germinated in Sb-amended media increased significantly. Sb content was highest in the roots and lowest in the leaves of the seedlings. After transfer of the seedlings germinated in an Sb-free medium to Sb-enriched media, Sb concentration in the seedlings increased with time, especially in the roots. Bioaccumulation of Sb influenced concentrations of different macro- and trace elements in all parts of the plants. The least variations were observed in the leaves, probably because the increase of Sb concentration in leaves was not as significant as in the seeds and roots.     

基于POM模型的后石电厂附近海域热环境容量计算

阐述了热环境容量的含义,并在POM模型的基础上建立了热传输模型,考虑了热能在垂直方向上的扩散。采用模型试算法计算了后石电厂附近海域的热环境容量和剩余热环境容量,结果表明,后石电厂附近海域的热环境容量为1 496(℃·m3)/s,一、二期工程的剩余热环境容量为350.2(℃·m3)/s,在允许的排放范围;三期扩建后的剩余热环境容量为–413.6(℃·m3)/s,超过该海域的热环境容量。研究结果可为电厂扩建及其附近海域生态环境保护提供参考依据。     

Barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters

The use of barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters worldwide is reviewed as a critique compilation of the reported studies and presents resume-tables of available data for future reference. The barnacle body reflects both short and long-term metal level environmental variations and the metal bioaccumulation occurs mainly in their granules (relatively inactive pools). The barnacle body is considered as good biomonitoring material and different barnacle species could bioaccumulate metal concentration ranges of 40–153,000 μg/g of Zn, 20–22,230 μg/g de Fe, 1.5–21,800 μg/g of Cu, 5.9–4742 μg/g of Mn, 0.1–1000 μg/g of Pb, 0.7–330 μg/g of Cd, 0.4–99 μg/g of Ni and 0.2–49 μg/g of Cr. However, as the plates (‘shells’) of barnacle exoskeletons can be affected by metal levels in coastal waters, mainly in their composition and morphology, they are not considered good biomonitoring material. Despite this, the use of a specific barnacle species or group of species in a specific region must firstly be carefully validated and the interpretation of the contaminant bioaccumulation levels should involve specific environmental variations of the region, physiological parameters of the barnacle species and the relationship between the potential toxicity of the contaminant for the environment and their significance for the barnacle species. Barnacles, particularly a widespread cosmopolitan species such as Amphibalanus amphitrite, have a great potential as biomonitors of anthropogenic contamination in coastal waters and have been used worldwide, including Europe (United Kingdom, Turkey, Poland, Croatia, Spain and Portugal), Asia (India and China), Oceania (Australia), North America (Florida, Massachusetts and Mexico) and South America (Brazil). The use of barnacle species as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters is considered an important and valuable tool to evaluate and predict the ecological quality of an ecosystem.