沈阳地区砂土碎石土层抗拔桩承载力的试验研究

通过沈阳砂土地区旋挖成孔抗拔桩的现场静载试验、钢筋应力测试等试验,研究单桩抗拔承载能力、侧摩阻力的分布规律,得出以下结论：按地层年代划分土层确定侧摩阻力比按岩性名称划分更为合理;压浆前、后增强段侧阻力增强系数约在1.15～1.62之间;扩径支盘现象可以使局部摩阻力发挥较大,但也限制了其下部一定桩长范围内摩阻力的发挥.     

Large deformation dynamic analysis of saturated porous media with applications to penetration problems

This paper outlines the development as well as implementation of a numerical procedure for coupled finite element analysis of dynamic problems in geomechanics, particularly those involving large deformations and soil-structure interaction. The procedure is based on Biot’s theory for the dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media. The nonlinear behaviour of the solid phase of the soil is represented by either the Mohr Coulomb or Modified Cam Clay material model. The interface between soil and structure is modelled by the so-called node-to-segment contact method. The contact algorithm uses a penalty approach to enforce constraints and to prevent rigid body interpenetration. Moreover, the contact algorithm utilises a smooth discretisation of the contact surfaces to decrease numerical oscillations. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme preserves the quality and topology of the finite element mesh throughout the numerical simulation. The generalised-α method is used to integrate the governing equations of motion in the time domain. Some aspects of the numerical procedure are validated by solving two benchmark problems. Subsequently, dynamic soil behaviour including the development of excess pore-water pressure due to the fast installation of a single pile and the penetration of a free falling torpedo anchor are studied. The numerical results indicate the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. Typical distributions of the predicted excess pore-water pressures generated due to the dynamic penetration of an object into a saturated soil are presented, revealing higher magnitudes of pore pressure at the face of the penetrometer and lower values along the shaft. A smooth discretisation of the contact interface between soil and structure is found to be a crucial factor to avoid severe oscillations in the predicted dynamic response of the soil.     

Parametric study for optimal design of large piled raft foundations on sand

In designing piled raft foundations, controlling the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft is crucial. The majority of piled raft foundations have been designed by placing piles uniformly. In such a design method, the settlements of the piled rafts are likely to be large, which leads to an increase of the pile length and/or number of piles required to reduce the settlements. However, this increase does not satisfy the requirement for economical design. On the basis of a parametric study, this paper contributes a framework for considering an economical design methodology in which piles are placed more densely beneath the column positions when the piled raft is subjected to column loads. The analysis uses PLAXIS 3D software, and the validity of the parametric study is examined through the results of centrifuge model tests conducted by the authors. The study shows that the concentrated pile arrangement method can help to considerably reduce the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft. Moreover, the effects of parameters, such as pile length, pile number, raft thickness and load types, on the piled raft behavior are investigated. This study can help practicing engineers choose pile and raft parameters in combination with the concentrated pile arrangement method to produce an economical design.     

On the influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of pile foundation

The influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of group piles installed in sandy soil and connected together by a concrete cap is studied through finite elements analyses. The analyses focus on the five piles in the middle row of 3 × 5 pile groups. The vertical load is applied by enforcing a vertical displacement equivalent to 2% of the pile diameter through the pile cap prior to the application of the lateral loads. The results have shown that the lateral resistance of the leading pile (pile 1) does not appear to vary considerably with the vertical load. However, the vertical load leads to 23%, 36%, 64%, and 82% increase in the lateral resistance of piles 2–5, respectively. The increase in the lateral pressures in the sand deposit is the major driving factor to contribute the change in the lateral resistance of piles, depending on the position of the pile in the group. The distribution of lateral loads among piles in the group tends to be more uniform when vertical loads were considered leading to a more economical pile foundation design.     

Numerical study of the 3D failure envelope of a single pile in sand

The paper presents a comprehensive study of the failure envelope (or capacity diagram) of a single elastic pile in sand. The behavior of a pile subjected to different load combinations is simulated using a large number of finite element numerical calculations. The sand is modeled using a constitutive law based on hypoplasticity. In order to find the failure envelope in the three-dimensional space (i.e. horizontal force H, bending moment M and vertical force V), the radial displacement method and swipe tests are numerically performed. It is found that with increasing vertical load the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile decreases. Furthermore, the presence of bending moment on the pile head significantly influences the horizontal bearing capacity and the capacity diagram in the H–M plane manifests an inclined elliptical shape. An analytical equation providing good agreement with the 3D numerical results is finally proposed. The formula is useful for design purposes and the development of simplified modeling numerical strategies such as macro-element.     

回填碾压地基的CFG桩加固工程

针对回填碾压地层条件,选择高置换率CFG桩复合地基方案进行地基处理。利用合理的复合地基构造形式,改善其受力特性,充分发挥桩体和桩间土的承载能力,达到了提高地基承载力、减少地基沉降的工程效果,取得了良好的经济技术效益。     

从翡翠原石交易看翡翠市场的发展趋势

以翡翠原石投标为主体的缅甸珍宝玉石交易会（俗称“公盘”）一直是翡翠价格风向标,翡翠原石价格的上涨必然会推动成品价格的迅速跟进.通过对翡翠市场爆发式增长后的近几年原石交易特点的分析,发现所谓“原石价格上涨”完全是市场炒作的结果,一些玉商为了维护自身利益,聘请“枪手”投标,中标后又违约拒绝领标,造成原石投标交易现场火爆,价格屡创新高,但实际成交率却很低.从翡翠成品市场的反应来看,虽然价格有所上涨,但涨幅并不与媒体夸张的报道相适应.分析认为,玉商在翡翠原石交易中的行为需要进一步规范;在原石供应短缺和玉商极力维护自身利益的情况下,翡翠的价格不可能大幅度波动;高档翡翠因原料近于枯竭,价格还有进一步的上涨空间;在产能过剩的市场环境中,翡翠市场重归活跃尚待时日.     

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘的植物固沙问题

在野外考察的基础上,选择13个典型样地,研究了巴丹吉林沙漠南缘植被组成、群落特征和植被格局。结果表明：调查的样地中有荒漠植物31种,其中灌木12种,多年生草本11种,一二年生草本8种。种群密度3 000—14 000株·hm^-2,优势种在群落中地位显著,群落稳定性较差;植被斑块面积小、最大斑块指数低。沙漠南缘年降水量虽然仅100 mm左右,但有霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylon）、红砂（Reaumuria soongarica）和沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）等灌木和半灌木天然植物群落分布,有白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）和膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）灌丛沙堆,沙丘上生长着沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）、沙鞭（Psammochloa villosa）等种群生存,且在沙漠延伸带流动沙丘上已成功建立了梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）人工固沙植被,表明在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘建立以乡土植物为主的固沙植被是可行的。在未来研究中,应在山水林田湖草沙生命共同体理念下加强从区域尺度上解析水、植被和沙的关系,系统了解生态系统的原真性、完整性和连通性及生态系统稳定性维持等问题,优化生态景观格局,确定生态保护目标和建设规模,同时要加强对乡土植物适应干旱风沙机制和扩繁保育技术研究,以便为区域生态建设和生态保护提供科技支撑。     

高崖跨断层短水准异常变化机理分析

2017-01～2018-04高崖水准的观测结果出现异常,为研究该异常的机理,本文基于对二维不规则载荷模型的定量模拟和库容、降水量、地下水位等影响因子的定性、定量分析,得到如下认识：1）高崖水库库容载荷变化对高崖水准的影响微弱,基本可忽略不计;2）高崖水准异常变化的主要原因是地下水位变化通过水-岩作用造成水准两端岩体的不一致变形。通过跟踪观测资料的后续变化,验证了水准异常变化机理的合理性。     

Carrying Capacity of Marine Region in Liaoning Province

Carrying capacity is one of important studies on coordinating development of population,resources,and environment.At present,the researches on it mainly concentrate on the carrying capacity for population and economy,such as the water resources carrying capacity,the land resources carrying capacity,the environment carrying capacity,etc.Based on the related theories and methods,this paper creatively proposed the concept and meaning of carrying capacity of marine region,and formed the appraisal system.According to the developing situation of marine economy of Liaoning Province in recent years,and by employing the method of the state space,this paper also measured the carrying capacity and carrying state of marine region and discussed the sustainable problems of marine economy of Liaoning.The research results show that the carrying state of marine region of Liaoning is in the state of overloading at present,but taking a favorable turn.