宝鸡某场地污染土的分析评价

宝鸡某场地由于长期堆放食盐，造成地基上污染、通过勘察，查明了污染土层，进行了腐蚀性测试和评价，对场地污染区与非污染区土的物理力学性质指标进行了对比，并分析了土的污染机理，提出了防护措施。     

An application of factor analysis for the study of the hydrogeological conditions in Plio-Pleistocene aquifers of NW Achaia (NW peloponnesus, Greece)

R- andQ-mode factor analysis is applied to 51 groundwater samples collected from wells drilled in the Plio-Pleistocene aquifers of NW Achaia, Greece. The purpose ofR- andQ-mode factor analysis application is to identify (i) the regional groundwater flow pattern, and (ii) the deterioration of groundwater quality. Sixteen hydrogeological parameters are used in order to examine their importance and to provide significant insight into their correlations. In theR-mode factor analysis, a six-factor model is suggested which can explain more than 77.5% of the total variance. The contribution of each factor at every site (factor scores) also is computed. Maps are constructed showing the geographical distribution of the factor scores. From these maps, the high salinity areas are delineated (seawater intrusion, possible appearance of halite layers) and the areas with elevated contribution of karastic-water are defined. Using theQ-mode correspondence analysis the meaning of the electrical conductivity as the most important variable in groundwater quality characterization is demonstrated.     

黄土的物理力学指标与黄土易损性分析研究

作者多年来在黄土地区进行了考察和勘探并采集了各类黄土样品，在室内外进行了黄土的物理力学性质的试验研究，取得了大量的关于黄土特性的资料．根据这些研究结果，探讨了黄土的物理力学指标与黄土易损性的关系及其区域分布规律，从而研究它与黄土地区的地质灾害和震害的关系．     

地震丛集的分形新方法—物理分形

地震时间丛集的传统分形分析方法把地震事件看作是时间轴上无质量的数学点。这些方法得到的结果主要反映了大量小地震的活动特征。本文发展了一个新的物理分形分析的筛子方法，采用一系列震级筛子来研究不同震级地震的分布特征。对华北和南加洲的研究结果表明，同一地区地震目录中不同震级范围的子集合具有近似相等的分维数，华北Ｄ＝０．３，南加洲Ｄ＝０．４。     

珊瑚礁工程地质研究的内容和方法

珊瑚礁工程地质研究的主要内容为珊瑚礁自然地质条件、珊瑚礁岩土物理力学性质和珊瑚礁混凝土料问题。除了通常的工程地质研究方法外, 着重介绍珊瑚礁工程地质研究的钻探、触探和地球物理勘测方法。     

Simulation Experiments of Land Surface Physical Processes and Ecological Effect over Different Underlying Surface

Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...     

Physical disturbance creates bacterial dominance of benthic biological communities in tropical deltaic environments of the Gulf of Papua

Unlike many reactive continental shelf mud deposits in temperate regions, bacteria and microfauna rather than macrofauna typically dominate benthic biomass and activities over large areas of the Gulf of Papua (GoP) deltaic complex, Papua New Guinea. During mid NW monsoon periods (Jan–Feb), macrofaunal densities at Gulf stations were relatively low (), large macroinfauna were absent (upper 25 cm), and small (), surface deposit-feeding polychaetes and tubiculous amphipods were dominant, reflecting a frequently destabilized seabed and high sedimentation/erosion rates. Although frequent physical disturbance generally inhibits development of macrobenthic communities, some regions of the Gulf deposits are periodically colonized and extensively bioturbated during quiescent periods, as shown by preserved biogenic sedimentary structures. Bacterial inventories integrated over the top 20 cm were extremely variable within each sub region of the clinoform complex. A possible bimodal pattern with bathymetric depth and distance offshore may occur: lowest-inventories within the sandy, proximal Fly River delta, an open Gulf inner topset zone (10–20 m) having sites of relatively high inventories, an open Gulf mid-topset region with intermediate values and less extreme variation, and the outer topset—upper foreset zone (40–50 m) where highest values are attained (). Various measures of microbial activity, including measures proportional to the cellular rRNA content and the proportion of dividing cells, indicate extremely productive populations over the upper 1-m of the seabed throughout the Gulf of Papua region. Bacterial biomass (0–20 cm) including data of Alongi et al. (1991, 1992, 1995) varied from a low of in intertidal mud banks to a high of in the topset—foreset zone. Macrofaunal biomass did not exceed in any sampled region, ranging from 0.009±0 to with no obvious correlation with bathymetric depth (1–63 m). Meiofaunal biomass was generally an order of magnitude lower than macrofaunal biomass. Relatively elevated bacterial biomass and high turnover rates are consistent with high measured rates of benthic remineralization, presumably reflecting the rapid response time of bacteria to physical reworking, the associated entrainment of organic substrate, and flushing of metabolites. Solute exchange is also enhanced below the directly mixed surface region, possibly producing ‘far field’ stimulation of microbes in underlying deposits. Physical reworking and reoxidation of sediments between 10 and 50 m water depth maintain suboxic, nonsulfidic conditions in the upper 0.5–1 m despite active microbial communities and high benthic remineralization rates.     

利用卫星遥感资料反演感热和潜热通量的研究综述

区域平均感热和潜热通量是气象、水文、生态模式中的关键物理因子，卫星遥感反演为观测区域平均感热和潜热通量提供了可能。对利用卫星遥感资料反演地气通量的方法进行了总结和评述。首先描述了现在常用的反演方法，分析了方法中的各种假定对反演结果的影响，并对不同的模式反演结果进行了比较。还指出了评价卫星反演通量的精度时需要注意的问题。最后对该领域内现存的问题与发展方向进行探讨。     

The topology of geology 2: Topological uncertainty

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in geology, and efforts to characterise and communicate it are becoming increasingly important. Recent studies have quantified differences between perturbed geological models to gain insight into uncertainty. We build on this approach by quantifying differences in topology, a property that describes geological relationships in a model, introducing the concept of topological uncertainty. Data defining implicit geological models were perturbed to simulate data uncertainties, and the amount of topological variation in the resulting model suite measured to provide probabilistic assessments of specific topological hypotheses, sources of topological uncertainty and the classification of possible model realisations based on their topology. Overall, topology was found to be highly sensitive to small variations in model construction parameters in realistic models, with almost all of the several thousand realisations defining distinct topologies. In particular, uncertainty related to faults and unconformities was found to have profound topological implications. Finally, possible uses of topology as a geodiversity metric and validation filter are discussed, and methods of incorporating topological uncertainty into physical models are suggested.     

西太平洋暖池热盐结构盐度场变异的主模态

基于1950~2011年间的月平均温、盐度资料,以28℃等温线作为西太平洋暖池的定义标准,并取ΔT=-0.4℃,分别计算了暖池区(20°N~15°S,120°E~140°W)各格点混合层、障碍层和深层的平均盐度,构成了暖池热盐结构的盐度场.据此,运用EOF分解法分析了暖池热盐结构盐度距平场主要模态的变化特征及其与ENSO间的关系,并探讨了主要模态的年际变异机理.结果表明,暖池热盐结构盐度场第一模态揭示了盐度场变异的关键区位于暖池中部;该模态具有2~4a的年际变化和准10a的年代际变化,并在1977年前后经历了一次气候跃变(此外,深层盐度场第一模态还在1999年前后发生了一次气候跃变),且在跃变前后与不同类型的ENSO事件有较密切的联系.暖池中部混合层和障碍层盐度的变化比较一致,即在跃变前盐度为偏高期,而在跃变后则变为偏低期.暖池中部深层盐度在1977年以前和1999年之后皆处于偏高期,而在1978~1999年间则处于偏低期.而且,从混合层至深层,盐度的变化幅度逐渐变小.进一步分析表明,暖池中部混合层和障碍层盐度的年际变化主要是由纬向风、南赤道流(SEC)和降水共同引起的,即当东风增强(减弱)时,强(弱)SEC将携带更多(少)的高盐水进入混合层或潜沉至障碍层,同时局地降水的减少(增多),也使得混合层和障碍层的盐度增加(减少);深层盐度的年际变化主要是由SEC和赤道潜流(EUC)导致的,即当SEC增强(减弱)时,将有更多(少)的高盐水进入暖池,而当EUC增强(减弱)时则有更多(少)的低盐水流出暖池,从而使得暖池的深层盐度升高(降低).