植物残体干扰对黄河河口高潮滩盐沼芦苇生长的促进作用

为研究植物残体干扰对黄河河口高潮滩盐沼芦苇生长的影响,在黄河河口高潮滩盐沼中分别选择典型的植物残体干扰斑块和未受干扰的自然群落,调查了其中芦苇（Phragmites australis）的形态特征及其种群的密度和生物量,并取样测定了土壤盐度、含水量、容重等土壤物理、化学性质,运用方差分析方法研究了植物残体干扰对芦苇的形态特征及其种群的密度和生物量的影响以及对土壤性质的影响。结果表明,植物残体干扰斑块中芦苇种群的密度、生物量等明显高于未受干扰的自然群落,芦苇的形态特征也明显优于未受干扰的自然群落。这说明植物残体干扰对芦苇生长产生了明显的促进作用。在植物残体干扰斑块中,土壤盐度、容重显著低于自然群落,说明植物残体干扰对黄河河口高潮滩盐沼芦苇的生长起到的促进作用,可能是通过改善土壤环境,缓解物理胁迫而产生的。     

盘锦湿地芦苇物候特征及其对气候变化的响应

基于1987～1993年盘锦湿地芦苇(Phragmites communis)物候数据,分析了芦苇的萌动期、展叶期、开花期和枯黄期的物候特征,探讨了芦苇物候期与气候因子的关系,并利用2种积温模型模拟了芦苇的展叶期和开花期。结果表明:芦苇的展叶期和开花期具有相同的变化趋势,芦苇的枯黄期变化较小;3月和4月平均气温与芦苇展叶呈显著相关,年平均气温与芦苇展叶盛期和开花盛期呈显著相关,芦苇枯黄盛期与年降水量显著相关;积温模型可有效地预测芦苇的展叶期。     

东北地区土壤有效硅的时空分异及其对芦苇植硅体形成的影响

在东北地区按温湿差异选取12个芦苇样点, 对其芦苇植硅体、芦苇中有效硅和土壤有效硅进行研究, 分析土壤有效硅对植硅体形成的影响, 对于植硅体形成机理和古环境重建具有重要意义。结果表明, 土壤有效硅含量和植硅体浓度在样点间存在明显差异。在芦苇的不同生长期, 土壤有效硅含量差异不明显, 芦苇中有效硅含量差异明显。7、8月时, 植株吸收的有效硅主要用于植硅体的形成, 植硅体浓度较高, 且易受到土壤与芦苇有效硅含量比值的影响。9、10月植硅体浓度较低, 可能由于成熟期芦苇叶片中硅含量较少而形成较少植硅体。土壤和芦苇有效硅含量的比值约为4时, 硅吸收方式可能从主动逐渐转变为被动。此外, 芦苇中多数形态的植硅体浓度和土壤与芦苇有效硅含量的比值呈负相关, 说明土壤有效硅含量的变化对芦苇植硅体的形成有着一定影响。     

Geschichte und Ursachen des Röhrichtrückgangs am Ammersee (Deutschland)

The development of aquatic reed stands at Lake Ammersee was documented by using vertical airborne photographs which were taken during four partial and five complete flights beginning in 1944. A dramatic decline of reed, especially of those parts which stood in deep water, was demonstrated. Between the years 1963 and 1969 60% and until 1992 another 30% of the Phragmitetum disappeared. Only at the east bank did the lake reed beds slightly expand.The examination of possible factors affecting the development of reed at Lake Ammersee lead to the following scenario: Until 1940 reed stands at Lake Ammersee spread and covered large aquatic areas. Only the east bank of the lake, where the influence of wind and waves was high, and banks near towns and recreation areas remained uncovered. Since the regulation of the River Ammer between 1920 and 1938 flood occurrence increased enormously. The flood disaster of the year 1965 coincided with the period of the highest rate of reed decline. The peak of eutrophication in the lake was reached in 1975. Huge carpets of green algae caused further retreat of reeds.At the present time recovery is not possible because of the negative influence of human recreation and of reed consuming waterfowl. Interestingly enough an expansion of reed has been observed at the east bank of Lake Ammersee at places were there was no Phragmites previously.     

淹水环境中芦苇幼苗对两种底质的生理响应及其恢复状况

探讨湿地植物对淹水的响应及其恢复生长状况对于湖泊湿地的修复具有重要意义.以芦苇(Phragmites commu-nis)为对象,研究其在湖泊沉积物(LS)和农田土壤(AS)两种底质上完全淹水一个月内每隔5 d其叶片相对叶绿素含量(rChlc)、丙二醛含量(MDA)和叶绿素荧光特性的变化,并分别于淹水后的10、20和30 d对其恢复状况进行研究.结果表明:缓苗期间生长于LS上芦苇的rChlc和叶绿素荧光特性均高于生长于AS上的,淹水后rChlc逐渐下降,20 d后下降趋势更加明显,30 d时LS和AS上芦苇叶片的rChlc分别下降了40.82%和39.49%,MDA则逐渐升高,且生长于AS上的要高于LS上的;叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和Y也均逐渐下降,且总体上与rChlc的变化呈显著正相关;LS上芦苇叶片的快速光响应曲线(RLCs)在淹水后缓慢下降,至25 d后下降明显,而AS上的则在15 d后即显著下降.淹水胁迫解除后,两种底质上芦苇的rChlc和叶绿素荧光特性均逐渐升高,总体上AS上芦苇的增幅大于LS上的,但LS上的各指标仍大于AS上的,而MDA逐渐下降,同样AS上的降幅要大于LS上的;随着淹水时间的延长,芦苇恢复到正常生长状态的时间有所增加,淹水30 d的芦苇叶片凋落并萌发出新叶和新的植株,同时LS上芦苇的恢复时间要短于AS上的.可见,淹水抑制了幼苗期芦苇的生长,且随着时间的延长其抑制程度逐渐加重;淹水时间短时芦苇能较快地恢复生长,淹水时间长时则需要长出新叶和萌发出新的植株来适应生长,同时营养状况良好的底质在增加芦苇耐淹性及加快其淹水后的恢复生长方面具有一定的积极意义.     

In situ experimental study of reed leaf decomposition along a full salinity gradient

An experimental study on Phragmites australis leaf litter decomposition was conducted in the estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro, Western Portugal, using the leaf-bag technique, with fine- (1 mm) and coarse-mesh (5 mm) bags. The leaf bags were placed in the field sites at day 0, covering a complete salinity gradient, and replicates were collected over time, at days 3 (leaching), 7, 15, 30 and 60. The biomass loss through the leaching phase, about 20% of the initial leaf mass, was independent of both the salinity and the bag mesh size. The biomass decay pattern along the salinity gradient varied through time and presented strong similarities between the two mesh sizes, with the remaining biomass always lower in the 5 mm mesh-size bags. At days 7 and 15, the lowest remaining biomass was observed at the head of the estuary, the preferential distribution area of P. australis. At day 30, the remaining biomass was higher in the marine area and diminished under a direct relationship with salinity, reaching the lowest value in the freshwater environment, with values ranging from 66% to 44% of the initial weight in 5 mm bags, and from 79% to 51% in 1 mm bags. The largest heterogeneity in the remaining biomass among the study areas positioned along the salinity gradient was found close to days 30 (5 mm) and 40 (1 mm). The overall results indicate that the relationship between leaf decay rate and salinity depends on the decay time considered (k₁₅, k₃₀ or k₆₀) and, for the later stages (k₆₀), also on the leaf-bag mesh size. This implies that the use of leaf litter decay rates as a functional indicator in transitional waters will need to take into consideration the factor location in the salinity gradient and leaf litter stage at which the decay rate is determined. The differences between the decay rates with the mesh size acted mainly at the level of the absolute k value and not at the level of the pattern along the salinity gradient. Even so, the data obtained at the mouth of the estuary, in the area closest to a fully marine environment, indicated that after the initial biomass loss through leaching, P. australis decayed either very slowly, in the 5 mm, or not at all, in the 1 mm mesh bags.     

盘锦湿地芦苇群落蒸发散模拟研究

根据2005年盘锦芦苇湿地监测站的小气候梯度监测数据和涡动通量观测数据,结合芦苇生理生态特性观测资料,采用波文比-能量平衡法、Penman-Monteith模型对盘锦湿地芦苇群落蒸发散进行模拟,并与涡动相关系统的实测资料进行比较。结果表明:Penman-Monteith模型更适合芦苇群落蒸发散的模拟,可为芦苇湿地蒸发散的计算提供依据。     

Early succession of the macroinvertebrate community in a shallow lake: Response to changes in the habitat condition

In the present study the initial succession of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of a newly created shallow lake in a wetland area was monitored during 15 months. Three different types of macroinvertebrate samples (multihabitat, associated to the Phragmites australis stands and associated to the sediment) were collected monthly from May 2004 to July 2005. Additional samples were collected in the reed stand in 2007, when the reed belt had become much taller and thicker. Colonization of the lake was fast, and the colonization sequence was mainly related to the dispersal abilities of the taxa. Habitat-specific changes in the assemblage's structure and composition were registered. The communities associated to the sediment showed a decrease in overall biomass, density and species richness along time. The density of the gastropod Physella acuta and the chironomid species Dicrotendipes pallidicornis, Polypedilum nubifer and Tanytarsus horni decreased significantly, after Chara stands declined; while the chironomid Chironomus riparius became dominant. The epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities associated with the reed stands followed a seasonal pattern, with a warm-period community dominated by the chironomid species Ablabesmyia monilis and Psectrocladius sordidellus-group, and a cold-period community dominated by the chironomid species Cricotopus ornatus and D. pallidicornis.     

台风对闽江河口湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力的影响研究

揭示台风对湿地土壤甲烷产生的影响对全球气候变化研究具有重要意义。采用厌氧培养法对闽江河口芦苇湿地土壤受台风影响下的甲烷产生潜力（J）进行模拟实验。研究结果表明：受台风的影响,甲烷产生潜力经历了升高—下降—稳定—下降4个阶段;花枯落物输入与根、茎、叶枯落物输入后芦苇湿地土壤甲烷产生潜力差异极显著（P〈0．01）;台风影响...     

青岛大沽河河口湿地芦苇的生长及生物量动态研究

根据2009年4～10月在大沽河河口湿地进行的芦苇(Phragmites australis)调查,研究该区域芦苇主要生长季节期间生长及生物量动态变化。结果表明:在生长季节,芦苇株高逐渐增加,10月最高达(2305.35±65.48)(平均值±标准误差,下同)mm;植株密度呈下降趋势,5月最高为(362.33±24.52)株.m-2,9月最低为(255.0±36.17)株.m-2;株高与植株密度二者无显著相关性。地上部生物量月间变化较大,总体呈上升趋势,最大值出现在10月,干质量变化范围为(37.59±13.94)～(7033.02±967.37)g.m-2。叶片、茎与叶鞘等构件生物量总体呈上升趋势,干质量最大值出现在10月,分别为(1264.32±202.19)、(3667.58±475.22)、(1123.78±178.37)g.m-2。5～10月,芦苇地上部同化器官与非同化器官生物量之比F/C值呈降低趋势,地上部非同化器官生物量对地上部总生物量的变化有较大贡献。初步分析表明降水量对芦苇地上部生物量增长有较大影响。芦苇地下各层生物量变化基本相同,月间差异不显著。芦苇根冠比5～10月处于0.29～1.93范围内。芦苇根冠比的变化受外界环境因素的影响,其变化与地上、地下生物量密切相关。根系生长变化与芦苇植株自身对营养等生存条件获取的自我调控有关。