水库泥沙来源定量判别方法的判别能力对比

水库淤积问题是干旱、半干旱沙区水库面临的主要环境问题之一.物源定量判别法是识别水库泥沙来源的新兴手段,而筛选某一区域泥沙来源的最优判别方法是精准识别物源区的重要前提.选取党河水库作为研究对象,基于野外调查、室内分析、模型模拟等手段,对比分析了多组复合指纹法、最优复合指纹法和距离法在党河水库泥沙来源判别过程中的适用性.结...     

Identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake

An extended Kalman filter algorithm with local iteration is presented for the identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties. Borehole-array strong motions were recorded at a liquefied site during the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. In this study, a modified Kalman filtering method in which the extended Kalman filter is iteratively used at every local time-step to track rapid parameter changes is proposed. The method is then applied to the instrumented soil layer, which is modeled by an equivalent linear model. An identification of non-linear and non-stationary soil properties was conducted successfully; and non-linear restoring force–displacement relationships including progression with time were obtained.     

有效位能和冷空气活动与台风暴雨增幅的研究

以昆明近百年月雨量时间序列为样本,进行了月雨量的可预报性试验,通过估算和１２年共１４４次的独立预报试验,我们得出：在适当的预报精度的要求下,月雨量的可预报时间尺度约为５个月,于适当嵌入的相空间维数ｍ和在一定的提前预报时间尺度Ｔ内,对月雨量的距平符号预报准确率可达６０％,对于雨季（５－１０月）则可达到６５％。     

Water-Body types identification in urban areas from radarsat-2 fully polarimetric SAR data

This paper presents a novel method for supervised water-body extraction and water-body types identification from Radarsat-2 fully polarimetric (FP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in complex urban areas. First, supervised water-body extraction using the Wishart classifier is performed, and the false alarms that are formed in built-up areas are removed using morphological processing methods and spatial contextual information. Then, the support vector machine (SVM), the classification and regression tree (CART), TreeBagger (TB), and random forest (RF) classifiers are introduced for water-body types (rivers, lakes, ponds) identification. In SAR images, certain other objects that are misclassified as water are also considered in water-body types identification. Several shape and polarimetric features of each candidate water-body are used for identification. Radarsat-2 PolSAR data that were acquired over Suzhou city and Dongguan city in China are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the experimental results are evaluated at both the object and pixel levels. We compared the water-body types classification results using only shape features and the combination of shape and polarimetric features, the experimental results show that the polarimetric features can eliminate the misclassifications from certain other objects like roads to water areas, and the increasement of classification accuracy embodies at both the object and pixel levels. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can achieve satisfactory accuracies at the object level [89.4% (Suzhou), 95.53% (Dongguan)] and the pixel level [96.22% (Suzhou), 97.95% (Dongguan)] for water-body types classification, respectively.     

ROSAT巡天X射线选活动星系核的光学证认

获得完备的样本一直是类星体统计分析工作中至关重要的第一步。类星体巡天选择候选体的方法主要有射电波段筛选、色指数筛选、无缝光谱筛选、X射线波段筛选、对红外源或变源进行筛选和零自行的方法。单独运用任一方法都有选择效应,采用多波段方法可以极大地提高样本的完备性。阐述了使用多波段方法选择活动星系核样本的研究现状,提出多波段类星体巡天方法和选源判据,给出ROSAT巡天中F.1002,F.Coma,F.836和F.Leo 4个天区以及空源的15年来X射线选活动星系核的选源和光学新证认的AGN结果,表明多波段类星体巡天方法能有效地提高观测效率。     

南方CASS简码法在数字化测图内外业一体化中的应用

随着现代科学技术的发展,高精度、高效率和一体化成图已成为主流。本文研究了全站仪简码记录方法在全野外数字化作业过程中的操作方法以及在内业使用南方CASS成图软件实现自动成图的过程,着重阐述了南方CASS"简码识别"和"编码引导"两种方法步骤和特点,以某工程为实例,验证了CASS简编码法的优点和可靠性。     

Detection and monitoring of offshore oil seeps using ERS/ENVISAT SAR/ASAR data and seep-seismic studies in Krishna–Godavari offshore basin,India

An attempt has been made to use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for detection and monitoring of offshore oil seeps in the eastern offshore areas of the Krishna–Godavari Basin, which has been supplemented and correlated with collateral free-air gravity and seismic data. Images of the study area obtained from ENVISAT ASAR image mode were processed and analysed in detail. A number of natural oil seepages were identified and distinguished from pollution and biogenic slicks. These were subsequently studied using different parameters to assign various degrees of confidence. The repetitiveness of the identified seepages was studied and a total of five areas of seep repetitions had been recognized in the study area. The seeps that are repeated in images of different dates are more likely to be of natural origin than others. Simulation and modelling of a particular oil slick arising has been attempted over the Krishna–Godavari offshore using MIKE 21 software.     

An empirical test of household identification risk in geomasked maps

ABSTRACT

Geomasking techniques displace point data to new locations in order to protect privacy while maintaining overall spatial distributions. If the end users of geomasked data are unaware that the data are masked, there is a risk that they will incorrectly associate individuals at the new locations with the masked data attributes. The probability of correct and false household identification depends on human understanding of whether maps contain masked coordinates and the spatial relationships of the points to contextual geographic data. Using a map-based experiment, this study finds that confidence in performing a household identification is substantially lowered when masked points are situated equidistantly between residential parcels. Despite initial notifications that data are masked, map users often report confidence in assigning masked points to specific households. Only map users who receive frequent notifications that the points are masked have reduced confidence in associating them with particular households, thereby lowering identification risk.     

Reverse flood and pollution routing with the lag-and-route model

ABSTRACT

Reverse routing can be used to transfer flood- or pollution-related information monitored at a downstream gauging station to an ungauged upstream cross-section. This signal identification problem is ill-posed and, as such, is sensitive to perturbations in the data to be inverted; therefore, the amplification of errors, e.g., those befalling measurements, must be controlled. Storage routing models are parsimonious diffusion wave substitutes and well suited for conversion to direct reverse routers. We present efficient inversion frameworks based on the lag-and-route (single reservoir plus exact reverse lag-step) and the reservoirs-in-series models. In both cases we invert a centred finite difference scheme of the reservoir storage balance equation that involves only one value of the unknown signal; signal values identified in previous reverse time steps, which would carry perturbations, are absent. This simple structure endows the reverse scheme with robustness. Procedures are verified with perfect and with error-seeded data; solution oscillations caused by the latter are damped by low-pass filtering. Both inverse routing models regain the upstream signals with high fidelity. Reverse storage routing is exemplified in a demonstration of reservoir control and in a field case of solute transport in a stream.

Editor M.C. Acreman; Associate editor X. Chen     

成像测井资料在礁滩型碳酸盐岩储集层岩性和沉积相识别中的应用——以伊拉克鲁迈拉油田为例

伊拉克鲁迈拉油田M组碳酸盐岩储集层为例,阐述了研究区不同岩石类型及沉积相在XRMI成像测井资料上的响应特征.论文以成像测井资料为主体,通过岩心刻度成像测井并结合GR能谱测井、岩性密度测井和其它常规测井资料识别出粘土矿物、致密灰岩、生物礁灰岩,生屑滩灰岩等岩性;总结了缓坡相、生物礁相、生屑滩相等沉积相的成像测井响应特征,建立了研究区各沉积相的电成像测井相解释图版,并对单井进行了连续的测井相划分.研究表明:M组碳酸盐岩储集层顶部GR能谱测井显示高钍、高钾、高铀含量特征,反应了M组地层在沉积晚期曾暴露地表,形成了风化残余剥蚀面,与上覆地层呈不整合接触关系;M组早期依次发育缓坡相、生屑高能滩相/生物礁相、滩后相和泻湖相,构成了一个完整的下降半旋回.