Petrology and geochronology of the Namche Barwa Complex in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, Tibet: Constraints on the origin and evolution of the north-eastern margin of the Indian Craton

The Namche Barwa Complex (NBC) in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, south Tibet, is generally interpreted as the north-eastern extremity of the exposed Greater Himalayan Sequence, comprising Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic sedimentary strata along the northern margin of the Indian continent. Field and petrological investigations indicate that the NBC consists mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolites and calc-silicate rocks. U-Pb zircon data demonstrate that the protoliths of the orthogneiss formed during late Paleoproterozoic at ca. 1610 Ma and also in early Paleozoic at ca. 490-500 Ma. The amphibolites were derived from mafic magmatic rocks formed during 1645 to 1590 Ma. Zircons in the paragneisses have highly variable inherited zircon ages ranging from the Neoarchean to early Paleozoic, with four major age populations of 2490 Ma, 1640 Ma, 990 Ma and 480 Ma. The calc-silicate rock has zircons with early Paleozoic metamorphic age of 538 Ma. Almost all the rocks of the NBC have been metamorphosed during Cenozoic with the metamorphic zircon U-Pb ages ranging from 8 to 30 Ma and a peak at 23 Ma. These, together with previous results suggest that the NBC was originally derived from an Andean-type orogeny following the Columbia supercontinent assembly, and experienced multiple reworking during the Grenvillian, Pan-African and Himalayan orogenies. We conclude that the NBC in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis was derived from different provenance and tectonic setting as compared to those of the Greater Himalayan Sequence which constitutes the high-grade metamorphic core of the western and central Himalayan orogenic belt. We thus infer that the NBC was originally part of the eastern segment of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone.     

陕西省丹凤地区商丹断裂南侧糜棱岩的岩石学研究

以往都将研究区内商丹断裂南侧的岩石定为角岩化碎屑岩或火山岩,划归泥盆系青石垭组或加里东蛇绿岩套。笔者认为这些岩石是一套糜棱岩,不是一个独立的地层单位。对该区的长英质、富铝质、斜长角闪质和碳酸盐质四类糜棱岩,分别做了岩相学特征描述。通过化学成分、矿物成分、碎斑矿物特征和变余构造恢复了各种糜棱岩的原岩。并讨论了这些原岩的时代归属,认为这些原岩分别来自秦岭群、丹凤群和中泥盆统,说明有不同时代、不同成因的地质体卷入了这条韧性剪切带。     

Petrological and source region characteristics of ophiolitic hornblende gabbros from the Aksaray and Kayseri regions, central Anatolian crystalline complex, Turkey

Many Neo-Tethyan ophiolitic bodies are well exposed as thrust-slices in Central Anatolia and are predominantly represented by massive hornblende gabbros, most of which are cut by Supra Subduction Zone (SSZ) plagiogranites. The allochthonous gabbros are distinct from their autochthonous counterparts, with their mineralogy including both igneous hornblende, relict diopside rimmed by replacement hornblende and their chemical composition corresponding mostly to gabbro rather than diorite.The results of major and trace element analyses of forty-two samples, and REE analyses of nine samples, indicate that the hornblende gabbros are SSZ-type and formed from a wet magma by high-degree partial melting of peridotite possibly coupled with contamination by predominantly neighbouring-slab derived fluids within an intra-oceanic back-arc basin. The mafic magmas then underwent high-level fractional crystallization involving titaniferous magnetite, diopside, tschermakite and possibly olivine. Emplacement was followed by extensive ocean–floor metamorphism, which has induced crystallization (or recrystallization) of chlorite, biotite, amphiboles and mobilisation of most of the major elements such as alkali and alkali earth elements, and some LREE.     

Studies of the relationship between coal petrology and grinding properties

The maceral and microlithotype composition of selected coals has been investigated with respect to the grinding properties, specifically Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), of the coals. The study expands upon previous investigations of HGI and coal petrology by adding the dimension of the amount and composition of the microlithotypes. Coal samples, both lithotypes and whole channels, were selected from restricted rank ranges based on vitrinite maximum reflectance: 0.75–0.80% R_max, 0.85–0.90% R_max and 0.95–1.00% R_max. In this manner, the influence of petrographic composition can be isolated from the influence of rank. Previous investigations of high volatile bituminous coals demonstrated that, while rank is an important factor in coal grindability, the amount of liptinite and liptinite-rich microlithotypes is a more influential factor. In this study, we provide further quantitative evidence for the influence of microlithotypes on HGI and, ultimately, on pulverizer performance.     

Estimation de la porosité dans un matériau argileuxPorosity assessments in a clay material

Porosity measurements on a clay material, carried out through various microscopic techniques, show a significant difference with the total porosity macroscopically estimated. Analyses have allowed to assign this difference, whose importance is linked to the hydromechanical stresses sustained by the material, to microporous spaces lower than 2 nm and to closed pore volumes, not accessible by the used techniques. Besides, the role of the drying methods of samples, which do not allow the removal of a part of the water, is highlighted. Its elimination would lead to irreversible microtextural modifications, prejudicial to the understanding of the macroscopic behaviour of the material. To cite this article: X. Guillot et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 105–109.     

冀西北太古宙条带状麻粒岩的岩石学和地球化学特征

条带状麻粒岩是冀西北太古宙麻粒岩相带中特殊而重要的一种岩类，它由浅色条带和暗色条带组成，条带含量的比例变化不大。浅色条带由较多的斜长石、紫苏辉石、透辉石和一定量的石英组成，伴生少量小而细的磁铁矿；暗色条带由较多的紫苏辉石、透辉石和普通角闪石以及一定量的斜长石组成，伴生有较多较大的磁铁矿。少量黑云母在两种条带中均有所见。两种条带中的同种矿物的光性特征基本相同，而化学成分和稀土元素特征只有很少的差别。暗色条带为基性麻粒岩属ＴＨ２型拉斑玄武岩，而浅色条带的岩石为中酸性麻粒岩，相当英云闪长质类型。这种条带状的岩石形成于不同时期不同性质的岩浆作用和特定的构造环境。暗色条带的物源来自较早的（约２．８Ｇａ）亏损地幔，而浅色条带的物源来自较晚（约２．５Ｇａ）基性岩的部分熔融，与周围的大片区域性英云闪长岩的侵位大致同时。条带状麻粒岩不宜归入ＴＴＧ岩系     

南马里亚纳海槽岩石学特征

南马里亚纳海槽岩性比较复杂：有玄武岩，根据标准矿物组合，进一步划分为碱性玄武岩，橄揽拉斑玄武岩和石英拉斑玄武岩；火山碎屑岩，包括凝灰岩和角砾凝灰岩；以及方辉橄榄岩．大部分玄武岩样品是距今五百万年以后形成的，个别岩石样品的形成年龄为八百万年左右．不同类型的玄武岩是含Ｈ２Ｏ的地幔岩块在底辟上升过程中，局部熔融、分离的产物；火山碎屑岩是火山喷发的火山灰、火山砾被水化学分解的物质胶结而成；方辉橄榄岩是地幔岩浆底辟上升直接侵入结晶的产物．     

南极乔治岛某些火山岩的岩石学和地球化学特征

本文报道了南极乔治岛中国长城站玄武岩和欺骗岛粗安岩的岩石学和地球化学特征。利用中子活化分析测定了岩石中的稀土元素、微量元素和过渡族金属含量;利用电子探针、扫描电镜等手段观测了它们的造岩矿物特征和物质组成,最后推测南极乔治岛具有大陆地壳结构向大洋地壳结构过渡的特征。     

岩浆包裹体研究在火山岩岩石学中的地位

岩浆包裹体研究已经成为现代火山岩岩石学的一项分支学科。研究方面涉及:重溯火山岩浆结晶演化的热历史,提供有关火山岩浆沿下降液相线的成分数据;查明火山岩浆结晶演化过程中化学成分(包括挥发组分)的变迁规律;查明各种岩浆事件的性质(分离结晶、不混溶、混合、混染),及其发生发展的物理化学条件;帮助探索解决某些疑难问题,如下地壳—上地幔的性质及玄武岩浆起源、细碧岩—角斑岩系的成因、测定蚀变火山岩建造的年龄等。此外,岩浆包裹体的实验岩石学研究,以及利用岩浆包裹体阐明火山建造的含矿性,研究火山沉积作用、地热作用等,对于火     

内蒙锡盟新生代玄武岩的岩石学研究

依照地层顺序和火山机构的完好程度,内蒙锡盟新生代玄武岩可粗略划分为三期。各期玄武岩又可分出若干层(次)。玄武岩由含量不等的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石斑晶及基质组成。部分玄武岩含有二辉橄榄岩等深源包体。斑晶矿物均具有成分环带。矿物化学、岩石化学资料揭示出本区玄武岩从原生岩浆到进化岩浆的主要演化机制是以橄榄石为主的分离结晶作用,同时在部分进化岩浆中还存在岩浆混合作用。稀土元素资料还指出了一个形成本区原生岩浆以及派生岩浆的原生母岩浆的重要机制:上地幔渐进的部分熔融作用。