PTV技术在河流流速测量中的实验研究

针对传统浮标法流速测验技术的不足,引入粒子跟踪测速技术,对河流流速测量进行研究,并对所涉及的空间分辨率,目标检测,目标跟踪,流速计算四个方面技术进行分析。最后就本文方法与传统浮标法在实验室山溪性河流模型上做比对性试验,结果表明两种方法所测量的流速具有较好的一致性,具有解决传统浮标法固有缺陷的能力。     

位移反分析的粒子群优化-高斯过程协同优化方法

针对采用随机全局优化技术进行岩土工程位移反分析存在数值计算量大、效率低的问题,将粒子群优化算法与高斯过程机器学习技术相结合,提出了位移反分析的粒子群优化-高斯过程协同优化方法。该方法利用全局寻优性能优异的粒子群优化算法进行寻优的基础上,采用高斯过程机器学习模型不断地总结历史经验,预测包含全局最优解的最有前景区域,通过提高粒子群搜索效率并降低适应度评价次数,进而有效地降低位移反分析过程中的数值计算工作量。多种测试函数的数学验证和工程算例的研究结果表明该方法是可行的,与传统方法相比较,可显著地降低位移反分析的计算耗时。     

基于HPSO算法的岩石非定常蠕变本构模型辨识

复合微粒群优化(HPSO)是一类随机全局优化技术,具有搜索能力强、收敛速度快、搜索精度高的优点.针对岩石蠕变本构模型非定常参数的辨识问题,利用FLAC软件自带的fish语言实现了HPSO算法对非定常参数的辨识.该方法从非定常参数的随机值出发,以蠕变过程中试件变形的实验值与计算值的误差大小作为适应度函数来评价参数的品质,...     

黄海绿潮应急溯源数值模拟初步研究

基于三维全动力POM海洋模式,根据2008年6月1日海监飞机监测绿潮所在位置,采用拉格朗日粒子追踪法反向积分,追溯绿潮来源。数值模拟结果显示,回溯至5月中旬,绿潮主要来源于黄海南部江苏连云港和盐城近海海域。黄海绿潮溯源数值模拟,为政府相关部门了解绿潮的源头,并采取相应的措施提供依据,进而为保护生态环境、防灾减灾做贡献。     

水化学性质对蒙脱石悬浮液膨胀性的影响

实验研究了NaOH、HCl、NaCl和CaCl2等电解质加入量对蒙脱石悬浮液膨胀性的影响,并通过离子色谱、体视显微镜和激光粒度分析技术,研究了蒙脱石粒度变化与体积膨胀之间的关系。实验结果表明,NaOH、HCl对蒙脱石悬浮液膨胀性影响不明显,而NaCl和CaCl2对蒙脱石悬浮液的膨胀有明显的抑制作用;而且CaCl2对蒙脱石膨胀的抑制作用明显强于NaCl,CaCl2浓度比NaCl少了1个数量级时即可达到相同的膨胀抑制效果。离子色谱分析显示,CaCl2溶液与蒙脱石混合后,悬浮液上清液中的Ca2+浓度减少,而Na+浓度增加,分析存在离子交换过程。经激光粒度分析仪和体视显微镜观察,电解质的加入使颗粒之间产生了团聚作用,改变了颗粒的粒径,从而在宏观上表现为蒙脱石悬浮液体积的减少。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区风沙流输沙特征研究

利用多种积沙仪,通过野外实时输沙观测,对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中的地表风沙流特征进行了分析,结论如下:(1)100 cm高度范围内,总输沙量的63.1%分布在20 cm高度内,72.4%分布在30 cm高度内,随高度的增加,输沙量呈负指数函数下降;由此可见,该地区的风沙活动主要集中在近地面20～30 cm高度范围内;(2...     

江西省中小水电智慧气象服务技术研究及应用效果检验

基于高精度DEM及水系数据的流域集雨区划分,研究了江西省中小水电站集雨区划定技术方法;通过对水库集雨区上降水预报和观测站点的实况两者对比分析,建立了基于库区的多模式本地化水库面雨量预报方法;通过模式参数化率定方法以及雨洪耦合来水量预报方法的研究,建立了水库来水量预报模型.利用2007—2020年水文数据以及降水实况和模式数据,检验了七一水库2020年逐7 d面雨量预报效果.检验结果表明,面雨量预报模型在0—3 d的平均预报准确率为70.1％;中雨和大雨量级的降水预报准确率分别为30.7％和28.3％,暴雨、大暴雨预报具有一定的指示意义;改进后的流量模拟效果进一步提升,强降水过程的流量预报效果明显改善.     

X-ray spectro-imagery of supernova remnants

Supernovae and their remnants play an essential role in the Interstellar Medium as one of the main sources of mechanical energy and heavy element production and as cosmic-ray accelerators. X-ray spectro-imagery is a key approach to look at these issues, as the collision of high velocity ejecta with the ambient medium generates high temperatures of the order of ten million degrees. I present recent results from the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray satellites on the elemental composition of young supernova remnants, on the spatial distribution of these synthesized elements and on the constraints obtained on the efficiency of particle acceleration at the shocks. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tracer properties of eroded sediment and source material

This paper examines the conservativeness of tracers through the sediment generation process. This is done by comparing a selection of tracer properties of sediment eroded from large plots by simulated rainfall, with the corresponding properties of the source materials within the plots. Sediment was generated using three simulated rainfall events for each of five selected erosion source types in the Tarago catchment, Victoria, Australia. As there were particle size and organic content differences between the source material and the generated sediment, the measured tracer properties of the source material were corrected for these differences. The possible role of analytical errors in this investigation was also addressed. The geochemical property, concentration of Fe₂O₃, was not conservative for any of the process sources investigated. Concentration of Al₂O₃ was not conservative for three of the four process sources investigated, and the sum of molecular proportions of CaO**, Na₂O, K₂O and Al₂O₃ was not conservative for two of the four process sources investigated. Mineral magnetic properties, IRM₈₅₀ and χ were also found to be not conservative, although this may be the result of the complex relationship between particle size and mineral magnetic properties not being adequately accommodated in this analysis. The radionuclide tracers, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, were found to be conservative through the sediment generation process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.