我国市县地球物理监测资源评估

我国地球物理监测站网主要由GNSS、定点形变、重力、地电、地磁、地下流体六大观测站网组成,由国家站、省级站和市县站构成基本监测单元。市县站观测手段多、站点数量庞大,是地球物理监测站网的重要组成部分。为摸清市县站监测资源底数、统筹利用市县监测数据,中国地震局历时2年完成了我国市县地震监测资源评估工作。基于此项工作,本文从观测环境、观测系统、数据质量和预报应用四个方面对我国市县地球物理监测资源进行简要分析,评估结果显示: 37.8%的测项评估为合格,可直接纳入国家地球物理数据库管理,47.9%的测项评估为基本合格,可纳入国家市县数据库管理,14.3%的测项评估为不合格,需要停测或者优化改造。针对评估结果,简要分析了市县监测运维工作存在的主要问题并提出具体可行的解决建议,为提升市县站监测质量提供参考。     

网络RTK在公路测量中的应用

传统RTK技术在实际应用当中面临着作业距离短、远距离定位精度差、可靠性差、在山岭重丘区或有信号干扰情况下影响工作效率、对控制点校正参数影响大、对基准站架设电源供给电台不方便等缺点.而网绍RTK弥补了这一缺陷,简述了网络RTK的组成、工作原理及它在公路控制测量、地形测量、工程设计放样中的应用,并以实例说明该项技术的应用前...     

人工观测与自动仪器观测的对比分析

文章利用察右中旗2010年人工观测与自动仪器观测的对比分析,分析两种观测技术获取的气象数据所存在的差异,确保结果的科学性,为自动站业务化运行和气候资料的连续性提供一定参考依据。     

Dynamic theory of rigid-plasticity

This paper deals with an analysis method for the response and motion of soil-like rigid-plastic bodies under seismic loading conditions. A continuity condition to determine the acceleration distribution within the rigid-plastic body when the failure occurs during seismic motions is proposed. Combining this continuity condition of acceleration and the ‘Generalized Limit Equilibrium Method (GLEM)’, the responses of the earth structure during seismic motions as well as the permanent displacements can be obtained, where GLEM is one of the limit equilibrium methods proposed by the authors for static problems and providing the approximate solution for Kötter's equation. The theoretical formulation of the method, the illustrative examples, and some comparisons between the analytical and experimental results are demonstrated.     

地震预警系统中进一步提高三台震中定位精度的方法研究

针对基于3个台站Pg震相进行震中定位时有时存在误差较大、不稳定等现象,通过分析区域速度模型差异、台站的几何分布对震中定位精度的影响,结合山东虚拟测震台网,给出了接近实际的直达Pg波视速度结构,提出了三台震中定位的综合解决方案。对2009~2013年山东虚拟测震台网内1 555次地震的震中定位结果表明,应用三台定位方法得到的震中定位误差平均为8.7 km(与台网定位结果相比),提高了震中定位的精度,减少了震中不能确定的概率。     

地震台站管理效益研究

从台站规划、建设和改造情况,管理体制、工作方式和运行模式,监测设施、观测设备和观测环境,观测质量与技术支撑,工作生活环境,人员结构共六个方面分析了天津市地震台站的工作现状,指出了其中存在的问题,并给出了对策与建议,为提高地震台站的管理效益进行了有益的探索。     

青藏高原地区大气加权平均温度模型的构建

加权平均温度(Tm)是将天顶湿延迟转换为大气可降水量的关键参数,针对青藏高原地区海拔高、地形起伏大、水汽高度分布复杂的特点,本文利用2010—2014年GGOS Atmosphere Tm格网数据和地表高程数据建立Tm垂直递减率函数,进而建立一种顾及Tm垂直递减率变化的适合青藏高原地区的新模型(QTm模型).此外,利用...     

Small-scale patterns of meiofauna in a bryophyte covered tufa barrier (Plitvice Lakes,Croatia)

Meiobenthic fauna is complex and essential part of the stream benthos and it is known as intermediaries from bacteria to higher trophic levels. However, the dynamics and mechanisms regulating this community at small-scale largely have been neglected. This study was carried out to determine meiofaunal dynamics in a small scale-patterns influenced by flow velocity and other abiotic and biotic factors. We examined meiofauna within bryophytes on a tufa barrier in Plitvice Lakes National Park using a detailed taxonomic approach of various meiofaunal groups and their feeding guilds. We choose three microhabitats (slow, medium, fast) differing significantly in flow velocity above bryophytes. Bdelloid rotifers were the most abundant group in microhabitat with highest flow velocity, while in other two microhabitats nematodes and monogonont rotifers prevailed in abundance. Data on environmental variables and main meiofaunal taxa and feeding guilds were analyzed using redundancy analysis. This analysis indicated that microfilter feeding guild (e.g. bdelloid rotifers) was strongly affected by interaction of flow velocity and POM fractions. Other feeding guilds were influenced by temperature, oxygen and/or pH and did not prefer high flow velocity. Suction-feeder nematodes and microfilter-feeder rotifers were dominant on temporal and spatial scale, indicating their good adaptations on frequently disturbed conditions that prevailed on bryophyte covered tufa barrier. Our results provide comprehensive survey of diversity, density as well as trophic structure of meiofauna in aquatic bryophytes. Differences in meiofaunal composition and density between three microhabitats suggest that the meiofauna is relevant indicator of environmental changes even at small-scale pattern.     

省级地震台网运维管理模式

基于地震台站专业设备和通用设备的运行维护工作特点,根据内蒙古自治区地震局各类省级地震监测台网目前所辖子台数量以及即将建设的烈度速报与预警工程监测站点数量,结合内蒙古自治区独有的区位特点,通过对地震系统兄弟单位运维体系及系统外已有行业案例调研考察,积极探索分布式运维模式的可行性。考虑支持分布式运维管理体制的支撑保障体系,在总结集中运维模式弊病的前提下,提出满足内蒙古自治区地震台站运维需求的省级地震监测中心、区域中心台、地震台三级运维模式,期望在运行中不断发现问题并完善。     

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