Elements and Experiments of Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations （SZCORS） System

Real-time kinematic GPS precise positioning has been playing an increasing role in both surveying and navigation. Based on the city‘s fibre LAN network, Shenzhen Continuous Operating Reference Stations (SZCORS) system has been established and consists of GPS reference stations, system control center, user‘s data center, and real-time datacom network. The SZCORS system provides users the real-time centimeter positioning or post-processing millimeter positioning. This paper makes discussion on the structure of SZCORS system. Some experiments have been made to test the usablity, and then the data has been analyzed.     

地磁转换函数与汶川大地震关系的初步研究

地磁场转换函数在强震前会发生变化,这已被广泛公认。利用汶川周围9个“十五”建设的地磁台站分钟值数字记录数据,分析和研究了汶川地震前的地磁转换函数变化特征,结果表明：汶川地震的发生与周边台站地磁转换函数异常的关系是明显的,地磁短周期转换函数方法是一种物理意义明确、并有一定预报效能的好方法。     

自复位断路器在地震台站供电及避雷系统中的应用

目前,国内无人值守数字地震台站数量众多,台站开关跳闸作为一项常见故障直接影响观测数据的稳定与连续,浪费大量人力物力。通过运用新产品自复位断路器能有效减少台站受雷电、漏电等原因影响造成的台站跳闸事故。该技术在无人值守数字地震台站中应得到广泛应用。     

Effect of tilt on strong motion data processing

In the near-field of an earthquake the effects of the rotational components of ground motion may not be negligible compared to the effects of translational motions. Analyses of the equations of motion of horizontal and vertical pendulums show that horizontal sensors are sensitive not only to translational motion but also to tilts. Ignoring this tilt sensitivity may produce unreliable results, especially in calculations of permanent displacements and long-period calculations. In contrast to horizontal sensors, vertical sensors do not have these limitations, since they are less sensitive to tilts. In general, only six-component systems measuring rotations and accelerations, or three-component systems similar to systems used in inertial navigation assuring purely translational motion of accelerometers can be used to calculate residual displacements.     

Estimating trends of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from long-term hydrographic data and model simulations

The ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) plays a central role for the climate in the Atlantic realm. Since scenarios for future climate change indicate a significant reduction of the MOC under global warming, an assessment of variations and trends of the real MOC is important. Using observations at ocean weather ship (OWS) stations and along oceanic sections, we examine the hydrographic information that can be used to determine MOC trends via its signature in water mass properties obtained from model simulations with the climate model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. We show that temperature trends at mid-latitudes provide useful indirect measure of large-scale changes of deep circulation: A mid-depth warming is related to MOC weakening and a cooling to MOC strengthening. Based on our model experiments, we argue that a continuation of measurements at key OWS sites may contribute to a timely detection of a possible future MOC slowdown and to separate the signal from interannual-to-multidecadal MOC variability. The simulations suggest that the subsurface hydrographic information related to MOC has a lower variability than the MOC trend measured directly. Based on our model and the available long-term hydrographic data, we estimate non-significant MOC trends for the last 80 years. For the twenty-first century, however, the model simulations predict a significant MOC decline and accompanied mid-depth warming trend.     

自动气象站降水实时快速质控算法设计

对降水资料异常进行分类,并在此基础上设计一种有效的实时快速质控算法。具体方法为:将一定范围内的自动站组成一个局域空间,应用空间一致性方法快速筛选出疑误站,然后利用小时降水的空间分布、分钟降水的时程方程以及与气温、湿度的关联特性,开展针对不同异常类型降水资料的二次质量控制。实际测试表明,该综合质量控制算法在质控实时性与准确性间取得了较好的平衡,尤其是对夏季降水有良好的质控效果。     

卫星导航定位基准站网调查分析与发展思考

卫星导航定位基准站网建设应用近年来发展迅猛,被越来越多的用户所使用。本文基于全国卫星导航定位基准站调查摸排结果,分析我国基准站建设、运维和应用的状况,针对存在的问题深入思考,对加强基准站统筹协调、排除隐患、规范管理提出相关建议和发展思路。     

北京天津地区垂直形变剖面复测结果的GPS检验

利用北京和天津地区的28个GPS连续观测站资料（资料截至2008年8月）计算得到的垂直向时序结果,分析各个GPS连续观测站垂向分量的变化特征,计算得到2007～2008年北京天津地区GPS站垂直运动速率,并与水准测量计算得到的2007～2008首都圈地区垂直形变速率进行比较;通过寻找水准测量路线附近的GPS站点,相应于水准的初测和复测时段,计算得到GPS路线剖面图,将GPS与水准2个时段的剖面结果进行对比分析。通过水准和GPS结果的这种“由面到线”的综合比较分析,得出初步的结论：从趋势上看,GPS与水准的结果是相似的,GPS结果同样反映了2008年北京东南附近区域有隆升的迹象,但量值比水准结果小,水准结果所反映的“南升北降”的特征在GPS结果中得到一定程度的验证和体现。     

以基线长度变化率为约束估算VLBI站的垂直形变率

基于NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型和ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量,采用实测的VLBI基线长度变化率作为约束,重新估计了部分国际VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的垂直形变,并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解GLB2003,VTRF2003和VTRF2005的结果进行了比较。结果表明,欧亚板块的URUMQI站和太平洋板块的KWAJAL26站,南极OHIGGINS站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解存在6-15mm/a的差异,北美YUMA站可能有15-31mm/a 的垂直形变率,而美国西部太平洋板块的San Francisco(PRESIDIO)站的垂直形变率还有待进一步的研究。此外,SC-VLBA,CRIMEA和EFLSBERG站的垂直形变率、ITRFs解和VLBI全球解的差约为1-6mm/a。用不同方法得到的VLBI站的水平形变率解有较好的一致性。     

电动出租车专用充电场站选址模型研究

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