利用固定台站分析长江激发气枪信号特征

“地学长江计划”安徽实验是以气枪震源为核心的大型主动源探测实验。通过在长江安徽段20个固定点定点激发气枪震源,结合109个固定台站、11条流动测线组成的观测网络,首次利用主动源实现了对长江流域安徽段约6万km2面积的三维地下结构探测。本文利用固定台站对长江激发气枪信号进行了分析,结果表明,长江中气枪信号激发效果良好,固定台记录中气枪信号可识别的最远距离达300km。对气枪信号绝对振幅的研究结果表明：① 50km处的气枪信号约为10nm量级,200km处的气枪信号小于1 nm;② 气枪信号强度的空间分布存在一定的方位各向异性,可能与长江的几何形状有关;③ 台站背景噪声对于提取气枪信号至关重要,高质量的固定台网为识别nm量级气枪信号提供了可能。     

PSI技术在贵阳市地面沉降监测中的应用

本文选用2018年12月至2019年12月共计32景Sentinel-1升轨影像数据,基于PSI技术对贵阳市进行了形变信息提取.结果显示,监测区内共发现较大形变区24处,其中沉降区21处,抬升区3处.通过统计学方法,证明了地铁沿线并无明显形变,对形变区进行分析发现,24处形变区均与城市化建设有关,与地铁施工运行并无关系...     

双碳背景下地下工程永临结构一体化技术实践

永临结构一体化就是在设计施工过程中,将临时降止水结构和临时支护结构同永久结构结合起来一体化设计和一体化施工,以最大程度地发挥临时结构的作用,或者最大程度地减少临时结构的浪费。作者首次提出了地下工程永临结构一体化的建造理念,并结合作者近年来所做的科研工作,系统梳理了国内在永临结构一体化方面所做的科学尝试和技术实践,提出在双碳背景下应该大力倡导地下工程永临结构一体化,以减少材料浪费,降低对周边环境的影响,加快施工速度。     

Effect of tilt on strong motion data processing

In the near-field of an earthquake the effects of the rotational components of ground motion may not be negligible compared to the effects of translational motions. Analyses of the equations of motion of horizontal and vertical pendulums show that horizontal sensors are sensitive not only to translational motion but also to tilts. Ignoring this tilt sensitivity may produce unreliable results, especially in calculations of permanent displacements and long-period calculations. In contrast to horizontal sensors, vertical sensors do not have these limitations, since they are less sensitive to tilts. In general, only six-component systems measuring rotations and accelerations, or three-component systems similar to systems used in inertial navigation assuring purely translational motion of accelerometers can be used to calculate residual displacements.     

应急流动观测组网技术在康定6.3级地震中的应用

以2014年11月22日四川康定发生6.3级地震后开展应急流动观测为例,描述了在应急流动观测组网中,如何应对震区高原环境,完成4个流动台选址架台、快速组网、运维保障;并通过对流动台址地动噪声功率谱密度分析计算,获得的台基达Ⅱ或Ⅲ级环境地动噪声水平,余震微小震检测能力与定位精度得到极大改善。流动台网运行期间,提高了震区监测台站覆盖面,记录到了大量余震微小震,加密台站对震区定位精度提升了量级,震源深度、震级更加准确。结果表明:一旦大震发生后,及时组织开展应急流动观测是必要的,而完成好一次大震后快速有效的应急流动监测,必须综合考虑震区地域环境、人员配备、预案选择、通信条件、设备可靠诸多因素与运维保障,采用固定与流动台联合组网方式,应急流动发挥效益最佳。     

Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting

Seismic ground faulting is a severe hazard for continuous buried pipelines. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand pipe behavior, most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. However, there has been little, if any, physical modeling and tests to verify the numerical modeling approaches and assumptions. This paper presents results of five pairs of centrifuge tests designed to investigate the influence of various factors on the behavior of buried high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines subjected to strike-slip faulting. Parameters considered are the soil moisture content, fault offset rate, relative burial depth (H/D), and pipe diameter. The centrifuge test results show that pipe behavior, specifically pipe strain, is nominally not affected by the soil moisture content and fault offset rate when the pipe is subjected to strike-slip faulting. On the other hand, the burial depth ratio (H/D) and pipe diameter influence peak pipe strain, and in some cases, the ground soil failure pattern.     

基于GIS技术的永久基本农田划定方法研究

为了探讨永久基本农田划定的有效方式,该文以济南市长清区为例,综合考虑耕地划入永久基本农田的因素,选择了质量等别、连片度、耕地坡度、耕地交通便利性和耕地居民点辐射度5个评价指标因子,运用GIS技术获取评价指标因子得分,根据特尔菲法确定评价指标权重,采用多因素加权分析法对耕地划入永久基本农田进行综合评价,运用GIS空间分析功能输出永久基本农田分布图,并实现了划定永久基本农田。该文研究成果可为县(区)级永久基本农田划定提供借鉴方法和科学依据。     

Elastic lateral-torsional buckling analysis of permanent means of access structure

International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a new regulation to request permanent means of access (PMA) for a regular inspection of ship structure. Horizontal platforms for an inspector to walk on should be provided at specified locations. The platform is attached perpendicular to longitudinal bulkheads or side shell like a common longitudinal stiffener. Since the platform is much wider than ordinary stiffeners, a mid-flat-bar is welded in the middle of the platform. The wide platform (i.e. the tall web plate) makes PMA structure prone to lateral torsional buckling prior to overall flexural Euler buckling subjected to axial compression. This study employs the Rayleigh-Ritz method to treat the elastic lateral-torsional buckling of the PMA structure. The deformation of the cross-section can be expressed using six independant parameters. Compared to the previous research for an ordinary stiffened plate (Hughes and Ma, 1996a), two additional parameters are employed to model the deformation of the mid flat bar. This study also proposes a new strain distribution of lateral bending introducing two respective neutral axes for the flange and the mid-flat-bar. Two mathematical models are developed for two cases; one without associated plating, and the other with both the plating and its rotational restraint. In the former, the coupling between the lateral torsional buckling (“tripping”) and the Euler buckling is investigated. In the latter, a plate rotational spring constant is suggested based on extended deformed shape of the plating. For each model, the validity of the proposed method is verified by a comparison with a number of linear buckling analyses carried out using the NASTRAN finite-element program.     

Transient and permanent shear strains in a building excited by strong earthquake pulses

Nonlinear waves in a building with bi-linear constitutive law are described for excitation by vertically propagating S-wave pulses. Conditions that lead to the nonlinear deformation are described in terms of dimensionless amplitudes and wavelengths of these pulses. It is shown that a building can fail during the first passage of the incident wave (during a time shorter than the travel time from the bottom to the top of the building). Peak amplitudes of (1) transient strains, (2) permanent strains, and (3) the peak ductility in the building are described in terms of (a) the amplitudes of incident pulses and (b) the places where the pulses occur in the building.     

曲流河扇相模式及应用

分支河流体系的讨论有助于促进各类冲积体系的分类学研究,并可促进源—汇体系分析的定量化。博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈（Okavango）曲流河扇是分支河流体系的典型代表,具有独特的沉积学、水文学和地貌学特征,主要特点如下：①河道形态属于单线曲流河道向下游分叉型,顺流方向产生弯度不一的分支河道网络,从顶点向下游方向,河道呈放射状,由河谷内的限制性河道变为盆地内的非限制性河道;②顺斜坡向下,河道分叉作用增强,河道的尺度和规模减小,受物源控制,无论是曲流河道还是低弯度河道,皆为砂质载荷,河道宽度、水体深度和沉积物粒度虽有系统变化但不显著,且在极低的坡度控制下,随着流量的减少,河道由曲流河逐渐变为低弯度河,河道形态转化的主要影响因素是坡度、流量、沉积物粒级和河岸强度;③根据湿地和河道分布特征,可将扇体划分为补给河谷、近源扇、中部扇和远端扇4个亚环境：补给河谷以单线曲流带和不同规模的迂回坝发育为特征,近源扇主要为泥炭限制的分支河道和河间沼泽沉积,中部扇主要为曲流河和低弯度河沉积,沼泽减少,漫滩增加,远端扇为宽浅型的非限定性河道,以沙岛林地之间的漫滩沉积为主;④沉积物主要为未固结的石英砂,主要来源于卡拉哈里盆地近代风成沉积,砂质纯净,分选和磨圆俱佳,缺乏细粒杂基,粒间细粒组分主要为生物成因的硅藻、植硅石和有机物质,亦见有方解石和二氧化硅胶结物。  对现代曲流河扇体系进行调查的重要目的就是研究地下类似沉积体系的分布。通过对我国大型含油气盆地相关“内陆三角洲”沉积特征和沉积规律的重新认识,可为油气资源的勘探开发提供预测模式。鄂尔多斯盆地山西组沉积时期,沉积作用受盆地北缘物源控制,来自北部物源的碎屑物质在宽阔的湿地平原上发育了多套分支河流沉积体系,主要为曲流河扇沉积体系。顺着沉积斜坡向下,河道的尺度和规模减小,沉积物粒度变细,煤层和暗色泥岩厚度变小,缺乏明显的三角洲前缘沉积环境及稳定的前三角洲深水相。沉积组合主要表现为分支河道砂岩、漫岸细粒沉积与湿地泥岩及薄煤层的互层,为大气田的形成奠定了沉积基础。