基于改进A*算法的水下重力匹配导航路径规划

水下重力匹配导航作为辅助手段,能够有效克服惯性导航系统在水下长时间航行产生的误差积累.重力场的不规则性,使得不同海域重力场适配性存在差异,重力特征变化显著的海域匹配精度较高,反之精度较低.在适配性评价基础上,对导航路径进行规划有助于提高作业任务可行性,合理规避不利因素.本文采用重力异常标准差、粗糙度等特征参数对海域重力场适配性进行评价,形成重力场适配格网参考图,引入A^*算法规划起始点和目标点间路径,达到了有效规避非适配区、提高航路设计合理性的目的.传统A^*算法存在的问题是,规划路径折线较多、线路总弯曲度大,本文设计了一种改进方法,通过前后向对比分析,对单个路径节点逐个进行筛选过滤,有效减少了冗余航向调整,实现了路径的平滑优化.     

On the spectral peaks of volcanic tremor at Stromboli

Seismic activity at Stromboli Volcano is characterized by a variety of signals, emanating from three vents. For a long time, the northwest vent has been in constant activity. Periodically, large explosions occur and material is ejected beyond the crater walls. These large explosions are accompanied by sonic and infrasonic pressure waves in the atmosphere, and explosion quakes. Apart from large explosions, there is constant activity in the form of continuous gas bursts which are related to low infrasonic pulses in the atmosphere and volcanic tremor. We assume that volcanic tremor and low pressure infrasonics are generated by gas bubbles inside the volcanic conduit, and accordingly, we compute synthetic tremor by modeling the source function as a pressure variation in a spherical cavity that propagates through a finely layered medium, by means of Haskell's formalism. To simulate a tremor, we superpose in time domain a large number of such pulses of varying amplitudes and time delays, according to the observed infrasonic series. In addition to the spectral similarity, the observed and synthetic tremor display the same autocorrelation and Hurst exponents, implying similar long-term correlation. We present strong evidence in favour of an interpretation of the spectral peaks of the volcanic tremor at Stromboli in terms of resonances of the layered structure, hence, as a path effect rather than a source effect.     

Construction ages of the Upton Stone Chamber: Preliminary findings and suggestions for future luminescence research

The Upton Chamber in Massachusetts, an earth-covered stone structure 3.4 meters (m) in diameter, with a corbelled stone dome, and a 4.3 m long entrance passageway, is studied with the aim of determining whether optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods can be used to establish the approximate construction date of the entranceway. Three samples, taken from soil behind the lowest stones in the wall of the entrance passageway, returned OSL ages between 385 and 660 years ago (or from 1625 A.D. to 1350 A.D.; using the year 2011 as the 0 year). One sample, taken below the bottom of the artifact layers in an archeological test pit in front of the chamber entrance, returned OSL ages between 650 and 880 years ago. A modern sample collected from a nearby fluvial channel returned an age between 55 and 175 years. The Upton Chamber OSL sampling results are challenging to interpret because there are mixtures in the samples of both younger and older grains that likely result from human modification, root or soil processes, animal bioturbation (i.e. ants and worms), and/or partial bleaching. The ages were determined using the lowest component of the finite mixture model as applied to a distribution of quartz grains. Further research may enable us to determine whether older components are of anthropomorphic or geological origin.     

2008年初上海冰雪天气与冷空气路径的相关性研究

2008年1月10日至2月2日,中国南方地区出现了自1951a以来最为严重的连续低温冰雪灾害天气。研究表明,冰雪天气是北方强冷空气与南方暖湿气流共同作用的结果。进一步研究得到,低空冰点以下温度是下雪的基本条件,但上海冬季降水性质还与冷空气路径有关,当冷高压中心位于蒙古东部,冷空气从中路偏东南下时,上海受到东北海风的暖海面调节,近地面气温升高,使雪花在降落过程中融为雨水,上海以雨为主偶有小雪;当冷高压中心位于蒙古西部,冷空气从中路南下,上海吹西北来陆风时,脱离了冬季暖海面调节,雪花保持固态着地,上海同内陆地区一样下雪。     

Knowledge co-production for Indigenous adaptation pathways: Transform post-colonial articulation complexes to empower local decision-making

Co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge has been identified as useful to generating adaptation pathways with Indigenous peoples, who are attached to their traditional lands and thus highly exposed to the impacts of climate change. However, ignoring the complex and contested histories of nation-state colonisation can result in naïve adaptation plans that increase vulnerability. Here, through a case study in central Australia, we investigate the conditions under which co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge can support climate change adaptation pathways among place-attached Indigenous communities. A research team including scientists, Ltyentye Apurte Rangers and other staff from the Central Land Council first undertook activities to co-produce climate change presentations in the local Arrernte language; enable community members to identify potential adaptation actions; and implement one action, erosion control. Second, we reflected on the outcomes of these activities in order to unpack deeper influences. Applying the theory of articulation complexes, we show how ideologies, institutions and economies have linked Indigenous societies and the establishing Australian nation-state since colonisation. The sequence of complexes characterised as frontier, mission, pastoral, land-rights, community-development and re-centralisation, which is current, have both enabled and constrained adaptation options. We found knowledge co-production generates adaptation pathways when: (1) effective methods for knowledge co-production are used, based on deeply respectful partnerships, cultural governance and working together through five co-production tasks—prepare, communicate, discuss, bring together and apply; (2) Indigenous people have ongoing connection to their traditional territories to maintain their Indigenous knowledge; (3) the relationship between the Indigenous people and the nation-state empowers local decision-making and learning, which requires and creates consent, trust, accountability, reciprocity, and resurgence of Indigenous culture, knowledge and practices. These conditions foster the emergence of articulation complexes that enable the necessary transformative change from the colonial legacies. Both these conditions and our approach are likely to be relevant for place-attached Indigenous peoples across the globe in generating climate adaptation pathways.     

地震废墟环境下Wi-Fi无线信号传播模型参数测量

本文主要针对地震废墟下手机Wi-Fi无线定位,分析实际废墟环境下Wi-Fi 2.4G无线信号的传播特性。通过对废墟结构的分析,使用矢量网络分析仪进行信道测量,对大尺度和小尺度衰减两种特性进行信道分析。采取理论预测和实际测量分析相结合的方法,对2008年5·12汶川地震的极重灾区遗址进行了废墟实地测量。对大尺度衰减进行路径损耗和钢筋混凝土吸收损耗分析,对小尺度衰减进行了平均超量时延和均方根时延分析,利用加窗、计算滑动均值,得到废墟下2.4G无线信号的传播规律,为下一步定位工作提供理论基础。     

企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）主要经济性状对体重的影响效果分析

采用多元线性回归和通径分析方法,研究企鹅珍珠贝主要经济性状对体重的影响效果。结果表明,6个性状间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;通径分析表明各经济性状对体重的直接影响效果为软体部重（0.726）〉壳长（0.146）〉壳高（0.107）〉闭壳肌重（0.058）〉壳宽（0.049）,壳长、壳高、闭壳肌重和壳宽对...     

东北亚共同体视阈下辽宁海洋经济高质量发展的法治化路径研究

2013年我国首次向全世界提出人类命运共同体理念,在全球范围内积极倡导人类命运共同体的构建。东北亚共同体是人类命运共同体的组成部分,是中国打造周边命运共同体的重要助力,同时为辽宁海洋经济的发展带来了机遇和挑战。文章通过分析辽宁海洋经济发展现状,梳理辽宁海洋经济发展的相关法律和政策,发现辽宁海洋经济要实现高质量发展还存在海洋经济供给侧结构性改革、海洋环境综合治理、海洋经济协同发展合作等方面的法律和政策缺失,应当加强海洋经济供给侧结构性改革的立法和政策保障,加快海洋经济协同发展合作和海洋环境综合治理的区域性法律与政策的制定,促进东北亚海洋经济协同发展,共同打造东北亚命运共同体。     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯图尔内斯半岛及邻区片麻岩变质作用:相平衡模拟与锆石年代学

东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯图尔内斯半岛及邻区发育不同类型的片麻岩。本文结合岩相学、相平衡模拟以及年代学分析等方法对该地区石榴石斜方辉石片麻岩(样品LSM178-2)和石榴石夕线尖晶石片麻岩(样品LSM302-10)进行综合研究,结果显示片麻岩经历了中低压高温麻粒岩相变质作用。样品LSM178-2峰期温压条件为T=830～870℃,P=6.1～8.9kbar,后期退变至T 705℃,P=3.6～5.4kbar。石榴石夕线尖晶石片麻岩(LSM302-10)保存的峰期温压范围为T=860～1050℃,P=4.8～10.2kbar,之后退变至T=820～840℃,P=4.7～5kbar。样品LSM178-2主要矿物组合对应的变质年龄为～543±5.7Ma。样品LSM302-10中锆石暗灰色边年龄为531±5.7Ma,浅灰色边年龄为509±5.9Ma,这些变质年龄可能反映了持续较长时间的泛非期构造热事件(ca. 540～510Ma)。结合相关区域已有资料分析,拉斯曼丘陵西部斯图尔内斯半岛及邻区片麻岩记录的中低压高温麻粒岩相变质作用可能反映了造山作用后期的抬升与伸展。     

GPM卫星反演降水产品在江苏地区的适用性

以江苏省70个地面雨量站分钟观测数据为基准,对比分析了一个完整年周期GPM卫星搭载的双频降水雷达(DPR)反演降水产品精度。结果表明DPR常规模式(NS)、匹配模式(MS)和高灵敏度模式(HS)扫描产品反演降水与地面雨量计观测数据均在过境后几分钟内达到最佳匹配效果。以NS产品为例,全年反演降水均方根误差大致为2mm/h,相关系数在0.5以上,相对偏差为-20%左右。并且降水产品在夏季反演精度最高。对反演误差进行初步分析发现,卫星反演降水率算法精度对校正因子ε有非常强的敏感性,并且选择ε值的算法约束不足会导致最终计算求解模块SLV的路径积分衰减PIA值异常,引起极端降水反演的误差。