峰峰第五煤矿电厂供水方案优化选择

在目前市场经济条件下 ,峰峰第五煤矿由原先单纯治水向综合利用水方向过渡 ,提出了建电厂 ,以矿井废水作为电厂冷却用水。本文关于建电厂的三个供水方案优化选择 ,采用系统理论、权重分析 ,对方案进行优化选择 ,供决策者参考     

长江三峡水库蓄水后的首发微震群活动

长江三峡水库2003年5月19日正式蓄水，6月7～30日发生可定位0级以上地震131次，其中最大为ML2．1。经分析，该微震群活动与水库蓄水有关。     

测量平差中的最优化方法

本文应用最优化方法分析平差问题,指出无论是古典平差或是秩亏自由网平差,实际上都是求矛盾方程组BX-L=0的极小最小二乘解。以此为基础,本文采用Cram-Schmidt矩阵直交化方法,提出一种对古典平差和秩亏自由网平差都适用的计算方法。     

Cosmic rays at ultra high energies (Neutrinos!)

Resonant photo-pion production with the cosmic microwave background predicts a suppression of extragalactic protons above the famous Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cutoff at about E_GZK ≈ 5 × 10¹⁰ GeV. Current cosmic ray data measured by the AGASA and HiRes Collaborations do not unambiguously confirm the GZK cutoff and leave a window for speculations about the origin and chemical composition of the highest energy cosmic rays. In this work we analyze the possibility of strongly interacting neutrino primaries and derive model-independent quantitative requirements on the neutrino–nucleon inelastic cross section for a viable explanation of the cosmic ray data. Search results on weakly interacting cosmic particles from the AGASA and RICE experiments are taken into account simultaneously. Using a flexible parameterization of the inelastic neutrino–nucleon cross section we find that a combined fit of the data does not favor the Standard Model neutrino–nucleon inelastic cross section, but requires, at 90% confidence level, a steep increase within one energy decade around E_GZK by four orders of magnitude. We illustrate such an enhancement within some extensions of the Standard Model. The impact of new cosmic ray data or cosmic neutrino search results on this scenario, notably from the Pierre Auger Observatory soon, can be immediately evaluated within our approach.     

The Paleoproterozoic North Hebei Orogen: North China craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent

Understanding the geologic history and position of the North China craton in the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent has proven elusive. Paleoproterozoic orogenic episodes (2.00–1.85 Ga) are temporally associated with ultimate stabilization of the North China craton (NCC), followed by the development of extensive craton-wide rift systems at 1.85–1.80 Ga. The age difference between the sedimentary cover and the metamorphic basement is up to 500–700 Ma, suggesting that uplift and doming of cratonic basement occurred in the latest Paleoproterozoic. Mafic dike swarms (1.80–1.77 Ga) and anorogenic magmatism (1.80–1.70 Ga) record the extensional breakup and dispersal of the North China craton during this stage. The late Paleoproterozoic tectonic framework and geological events documented provide important constraints for reconstruction of the NCC within the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia.An east-west striking thousand kilometer long belt of khondalites (granulite facies metapelites) stretches along the northern margin of the North China craton, on the cratonward side of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt. This granulite belt includes Mg–Al (sapphirine bearing) granulites that reached ultrahigh-temperature “peak” metamorphic conditions of  1000 °C at 10 kbars at 1927 ± 11 Ma. Following peak ultrahigh-temperature conditions, the rocks underwent initial isobaric cooling and subsequent isothermal decompression, and these trajectories are interpreted to be part of an overall anti-clockwise P-T evolution indicating that the northern margin of the craton experienced continental collision at 1.93–1.92 Ga. The position of the khondalite belt south of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt makes it analogous to Tibet, a continental collision-related plateau characterized by double crustal thicknesses and granulite facies metamorphism at depth. We suggest that the tectonic evolution of the NCC during this period was closely related to the assembly and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent, and that the NCC was adjacent to the Baltic and Amazonian cratons in the period 2.00–1.70 Ga. Craton-wide extension occurred within 100–150 Ma of collision along the northern margin of the craton at 1.93–1.92 Ga. It is concluded that mantle upwellings are chiefly responsible for the breakup of the NCC from the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.     

Placement Optimization Method of FPSO Gas Detectors Based on Leakage Risk

As the first step of the fire/gas-detection systems of floating production storage and offloading(FPSO)units is to iden-tify leakage accidents,gas detectors play an important role in controlling the leakage risk.To improve the leakage scenario detection rate and reduce the cumulative risk value,this paper presents an optimization method of the gas detector placement.The probability density distribution and cumulative probability density distribution of the leakage source variables and environmental variables were calculated based on the Offshore Reliability Data and the statistical data of the relevant leakage variables.A potential leakage sce-nario set was constructed using Latin hypercube sampling.The typical FPSO leakage scenarios were analyzed through computational fluid dynamics(CFD),and the impacts of different parameters on the leakage were addressed.A series of detectors was deployed according to the simulation results.The minimization of the product of effective detection time and gas leakage volume was the risk optimization objective,and the location and number of detectors were taken as decision variables.A greedy extraction heuristic algo-rithm was used to solve the optimization problem.The results show that the optimized placement had a better monitoring effect on the leakage scenario.     

山西地区6次MS≥4.5地震前地震活动异常总结

系统梳理了2000年以来山西地区6次M_S≥4.5地震前地震活动异常,结果表明,地震空区/平静、地震条带、显著地震/震群、大同地震窗“开窗”活动等异常在地震发生前具有一定普遍性,且异常基本围绕在震中及附近地区分布,特别是在地震平静/空区、地震条带等异常发展后期出现的显著地震/震群活动,对未来地震发生的地点和时间具有较好的预测意义。异常持续时间与发震间隔统计表明：异常多出现在主震发生前6个月以内,显著地震/震群、大同地震窗“开窗”对未来主震的发生具有短临预测意义。此外,随着区域应力水平的不断增强,在特定敏感地区会发生成组极微震密集活动,监视跟踪这些有别于正常活动背景的极微震活动,对地震短临预测具有一定意义。     

植草沟滞蓄城市道路雨水的试验及模拟

为定量分析植草沟的水文性能,优化其设计参数取值,通过植草沟滞蓄城市道路雨水的试验设施开展模拟径流试验,验证了SWMM （storm water management model）模型模拟植草沟滞蓄效果的可行性,通过模型情景分析提出了设施的优化设计参数,评估了设施对提高道路排水标准和长期径流削减的影响。研究结果表明:SWMM模型对模拟植草沟水文性能具有较好的精度,对较小的降雨重现期和边坡比,较大的滞蓄深度、植被覆盖率和面积负荷比,植草沟的滞蓄能力更强,建议其设计降雨重现期不超过10年,滞蓄深度为10 cm以上,边坡比至少为3,植被覆盖率为0.5以上,面积负荷比为5%以上。模拟北京某城市道路采用植草沟设施后,可将3年、5年、10年的排水标准分别提高到15年、20年、30年,在长达64年的运行中,植草沟几乎可消纳自身及汇水区域内所有径流,可为道路植草沟的设计和应用提供参考。     

Characteristics of Holocene Loess-Palaeosol Particle Size Composition and Paleoclimatic Significance in East Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province

This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM.     

页岩气调查黔地4井钻探技术

黔地4井是部署在渝东南凹陷褶皱带濯河坝向斜南段的一口页岩气地质调查井,全井取心,设计井深2400 m,完钻井深2258 m。项目通过钻探设备、钻具（钻头）选择和井身结构优化设计等,使钻头最高寿命达466 m、钻效提高10%以上。全井平均机械钻速1.78 m/h,钻月效率535 m,其中二开钻月效率704 m,达到了快速、安全钻探目的。