一种提高气候模式对PNA年际变化模拟能力的方法

The climate modeling community has been challenged to develop a method for improving the simulation of the Pacific-North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern in climate models. The accuracy of PNA teleconnection simulation is significantly improved by considering mesoscale convection contributions to sea surface fluxes. The variation in the PNA over the past 22 years was simulated by the Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG version 1.0 (GAMIL1.0) model, which was guided by observational sea surface temperature (SST) from January 1979 to December 2000. Results show that heating in the tropical central-eastern Pacific is simulated more realistically, and sea surface latent heat flux and precipitation anomalies are more similar to the reanalysis data when mesoscale enhancement is considered during the parameterization scheme of sea surface turbulent fluxes in GAMIL1.0. Realistic heating in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in turn significantly improves the simulation of interannual variation and spatial patterns of PNA.     

The Circum-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern in meridional wind in the high troposphere

The Circum-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern (CPTP) is revealed in the meridional wind in the high troposphere via an emprirical orthogonal function (EOF) and correlation analysis on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The CPTP is found to be composed of the North Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA), the South Pacific-South American teleconnection pattern (PSA), and the teleconnection patterns over the tropical western Pacific and the tropical eastern Pacific (or, Central America, or, tropical Atlantic). There is substantial interannual variability of the CPTP and a typical CPTP can be detected in some years. It is speculated that the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial region in the western and eastern sides of the Pacific may play a role in linking the two hemispheres. The anomalous convection activities in the Tropics are plausible triggering factors for the zonal wind anomalies that are responsible for the composition of the CPTP.     

北太平洋东部风暴轴的变化特征及其与大气环流和SST异常的关系

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF(European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast)逐日再分析资料(ERA40),通过经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function,EOF)分解发现,冬季北太平洋东部风暴轴有着显著的年际变化特征:第一变化模态为在气候平均位置南北相反的偶极子变化型,第二变化模态为在气候平均位置处一致增强或减弱的变化型,第三变化模态为三极子的变化型。进一步的回归分析发现:当东部风暴轴南压(北抬)时,同期冬季是一种厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)年海温异常空间分布型,中纬度北太平洋海区以及赤道中、东海区,冬季冷(暖)异常的洋面上是异常低压(高压),对流层中层是太平洋—北美型(Pacific-North American Pattern,PNA)遥相关的正(负)位相;当东部风暴轴增强(减弱)时,同期冬季黑潮区海温偏暖(偏冷),对流层中层表现为西太平洋型(West Pacific Pattern,WP)遥相关的正(负)位相;当东部风暴轴呈现西北—东南+-+(-+-)相间三极子的分布时,同期冬季巴布亚新几内亚附近海温异常偏暖(冷),夏威夷附近海温异常偏冷(暖),冬季冷(暖)异常的洋面上是异常低(高)压,对流层中层表现出类似PNA正(负)位相。EOF分解各模态所对应时间系数与阿留申低压(Aleutian Low,AL)指数、PNA指数、Nino3指数、WP指数、黑潮海温(Kuroshio Current,KC)指数之间存在显著的相关,这些证明了东部风暴轴与同期大气环流及SST异常之间的联系。     

广东省森林火险等级的评价模式

利用美国ＮＯＡＡ－ＣＡＣ、夏威夷大学、中国气象局提供的热带太平洋海温，水位及风场资料和“ＴＯＧＡ－ＣＯＡＲＥ”（１９９２年１１月－１９９３年２月）提供的赤道西太平洋深层海温资料，对１９９３年全球大气及热带海洋异常状况作了诊断分析，认为１９９３年世界气象灾害频频发生的原因是：（１）大气环流的异常变化对１９９３年东传型ＥＮＳＯ事件的响应几乎同步。（２）１９９１、１９９３年两次东传型ＥＮＳＯ事件在短期内     

The linkage between the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern and the North Atlantic Oscillation

In this study, using the ECMWF reanalysis data, the possible linkage between the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during boreal winter (December– February) is investigated. The PNA and the NAO pattern are obtained by performing Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) analysis on an anomalous daily mean 300-hPa geopotential height field. The composite daily NAO indices show that the NAO indices are prone to be negative (positive) when the conte...     

北太平洋风暴轴的变异特征及其与中纬度海气耦合关系分析

本文使用欧洲ECMWF（ERA40）再分析资料,通过经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF）分解探讨了冬季北太平洋风暴轴的变异特征,使用回归分析得到了与风暴轴空间异常型相关的冬季大气平均流异常、表层海温（Sea Surface Temperature,SST）异常的空间耦合型.研究结果表明,冬季北太平洋风暴轴主要有两种空间异常型,第一种是风暴轴中东部明显北抬（南压）,使得整个风暴轴向东北（东南）倾斜,与此同时,在中纬度北太平洋海区,冬季暖（冷）异常的洋面上是异常高压（低压）,海气系统在垂直向表现为一种暖脊（冷槽）配置,在对流层中高层是太平洋-北美（Pacific-North American,PNA）型负（正）位相.第二种是风暴轴整体性加强（减弱）并偏北（南）,此时,黑潮区海温异常偏暖（冷）,低层阿留申低压和高空的西风急流略偏北（南）,对流层中高层表现为西太平洋（Western Pacific,WP）型负（正）位相.风暴轴EOF分解的时间系数与阿留申低压指数、PNA指数、WP指数,以及与尼诺3区（NINO3）指数、黑潮海温指数间显著的相关性再次证实了在北太平洋中纬度地区存在着SST异常、风暴轴异常和大气平均流异常三者间的空间耦合型.