内蒙朝克山蛇绿岩地球化学: 洋内弧后盆地的产物？

朝克山蛇绿岩是内蒙贺根山地区出露最好的蛇绿岩之一,可能形成于中晚石炭世。朝克山蛇绿岩中的基性岩具有LREE亏损、类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,而相对N-MORB富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素又类似岛弧火山岩的成分特征,因此,我们认为朝克山蛇绿岩应形成于弧后盆地。将朝克山蛇绿岩的基性岩与现代Mariana洋内弧后盆地和Okinawa陆缘弧后盆地的玄武岩及同属中亚造山带的、形成于洋内弧后盆地的新疆库尔提蛇绿岩对比,朝克山蛇绿岩更类似于Mariana玄武岩和库尔提蛇绿岩,因此其很可能形成于洋内弧后盆地而不是大陆边缘弧后盆地环境。     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

Melt viscosity, temperature and transport processes, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

The lava section in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, is chemically stratified and divided into a shallow lava sequence with low TiO₂ content and a deeper lava sequence with high TiO₂ content. We calculate the viscosity at magmatic temperature based on major element chemistry of lavas in Cyprus Crustal Study Project (CCSP) Holes CY-1 and 1A. We find that typical shallow low-Ti lavas have a magmatic viscosity that is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the deeper high-Ti lavas. This implies that, after eruption on-axis, Troodos low-Ti lavas would have been able to flow down the same slope faster and farther than high-Ti lavas. The calculated lava viscosity increases systematically from the lava-sediment interface to the bottom of the composite Hole CY-1/1A. This suggests that an efficient process of lava segregation by viscosity on the upper flanks of the paleo Troodos rise may have been responsible for the chemical stratification in the Troodos lava pile. Calculated magmatic temperature and molar Mg/(Mg+Fe), or Mg#, decrease systematically down-section, while SiO₂ content increases. Correlation of Mg# in the lavas with Mg# in the underlying, lower crustal plutonic rocks sampled by CCSP Hole CY-4 shows that the shallow lavas came from a high-temperature, lower crustal magma reservoir which is now represented by high-Mg# pyroxenite cumulates, while the deeper lavas were erupted from a lower-temperature, mid-crustal reservoir which is now represented by gabbroic cumulates with lower Mg#.     

大洋岛弧的前世今生

正这些年来似乎地球变小了,人的寿命变长了,90寻常,80刚迈入老年人之列。一些同事和学生为庆祝叶大年院士八十华诞及从事科研六十载在岩石学报出版一期论文专辑,邀请我作序,这才惊奇叶大年院士已近杖朝之年,我和他交往甚密,经常见面就觉不出有什么变化,也就觉不出他的年龄增长。叶大年老师和我是亦师亦友的关系。我称他老师是名正言顺的。最早见到他是在河南许昌地区的野外     

新疆甘肃交界红柳河蛇绿岩中伸展构造与古洋盆演化过程

红柳河蛇绿岩中保存了大量伸展特征构造，如堆晶辉长岩层中发育丰富的辉长质糜棱面理、伸展褶劈理、小型韧性低角度正断层、韧-脆性共轭正断层和脆性正断层等伸展变形构造。蛇绿岩中伸展变形构造经历了完整的变形序列：从韧性变形、经韧脆性变形到脆性变形。构造几何学关系表明这些构造形成于红柳河古洋盆闭合之前洋壳扩张过程中。^40Ar／^39Ar年代学的研究确定了红柳河古洋盆演化的过程：洋盆扩张发育在462Ma之前，并在412Ma前闭合。     

新疆科克森套蛇绿岩套玄武岩的地质地球化学

新疆北部科克森套地区玄武岩出露于超镁铁质岩体的北侧,与玄武质凝灰岩共生,厚度达50～80 m;玄武岩普遍具有片理化、斑状结构;岩石地球化学特征表明,该玄武岩属低碱(Na2O+K2O均<3%,σ值在0.60～1.19)、低钛(TiO2在0.73%～1.22%)、富镁(MgO在7.43%～9.72%)的拉斑玄武岩系列,具有原始岩浆特征(其Mg#值在0.65～0.71),稀土总量较低(ΣREE在29.68×10-6～44.91×10-6),稀土及微量元素配分曲线平缓,可能形成于洋中脊构造环境。该区玄武岩的发现和岩石地球化学研究,佐证了科克森套蛇绿岩套的存在。     

Platinum-group elemental geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Xigaze ophiolite, southern Tibet

The Xigaze ophiolite in the central part of the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet, has a well-preserved sequence of sheeted dykes, basalts, cumulates and mantle peridotites at Jiding and Luqu. Both the basalts and diabases at Jiding have similar compositions with SiO₂ ranging from 45.9 to 53.5 wt%, MgO from 3.1 to 6.8 wt% and TiO₂ from 0.87 to 1.21 wt%. Their Mg^#s [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] range from 40 to 60, indicating crystallization from relatively evolved magmas. They have LREE-depleted, chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, suggesting a depleted mantle source. These basaltic rocks have slightly negative Nb- and Ti-anomalies, suggesting that the Xigaze ophiolite represents a fragment of mature MORB lithosphere modified in a suprasubduction zone environment. The mantle peridotites at Luqu are high depleted with low CaO (0.3–1.2 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (0.04–0.42 wt%). They display V-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns with (La/Gd)_N ratios ranging from 3.17 to 64.6 and (Gd/Yb)_N from 0.02 to 0.20, features reflecting secondary metasomatism by melts derived from the underlying subducted slab. Thus, the geochemistry of both the basaltic rocks and mantle peridotites suggests that the Xigaze ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone.Both the diabases and basalts have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 7 to 77, similar to MORB. However, they have very low PGE abundances, closely approximating the predicted concentration in a silicate melt that has fully equilibrated with a fractionated immiscible sulfide melt, indicating that the rocks originated from magmas that were S-saturated before eruption. Moderate degrees of partial melting and early precipitation of PGE alloys explain their high Pd/Ir ratios and negative Pt-anomalies. The mantle peridotites contain variable amounts of Pd (5.99–13.5 ppb) and Pt (7.92–20.5 ppb), and have a relatively narrow range of Ir (3.47–5.01 ppb). In the mantle-normalized Ni, PGE, Au and Cu diagram, they are relatively rich in Pd and depleted in Cu. There is a positive correlation between CaO and Pd. The Pd enrichment is possibly due to secondary enrichment by metasomatism. Al₂O₃ and Hf do not correlate with Ir, but show positive variations with Pt, Pd and Au, indicating that some noble metals can be enriched by metasomatic fluids or melts carrying a little Al and Hf. We propose a model in which the low PGE contents and high Pd/Ir ratios of the basaltic rocks reflect precipitation of sulfides and moderate degrees of partial melting. The high Pd mantle peridotites of Xigaze ophiolites were formed by secondary metasomatism by a boninitic melt above a subduction zone.     

青藏高原新特提斯蛇绿岩的地质特征及其构造演化

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带（YZSZ）和班公湖-怒江缝合带（BNSZ）蛇绿岩代表了新特提斯洋壳和岩石圈地幔残余,是我国铬铁矿和蛇绿岩型金刚石的重要原产地,目前这两条蛇绿岩带的成因和相互关系还存在着争论。本文总结了YZSZ、BNSZ、狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带（SNMZ）和松多缝合带蛇绿岩的时空分布、组成和构造背景,归纳了拉萨地块晚古生以来的岩浆岩分布,获得以下主要认识：（1）Panjal地幔柱活动可能促使怒江洋和雅江西洋在早二叠世空谷期（283~272Ma）打开;（2）雅江东洋由于松多洋的南向俯冲在晚三叠世打开,与雅江西洋以萨嘎-措勤为界,并形成冈底斯东部245~200Ma岩浆热事件;（3）~140Ma班怒洋闭合以及南羌塘与北拉萨地块碰撞,导致雅江洋扩张速率加快而引发了北向拉萨地块的平板俯冲,进而导致班怒洋的再次裂解形成133~104Ma"红海型"小洋盆;（4）YZSZ缝合带西段南带蛇绿岩为北带的逆冲推覆体;（5）BNSZ和SNMZ蛇绿岩隶属于一个洋盆,后者代表了班怒洋成熟洋盆扩张脊的残余。     

Petrogenetic Evolution of the Bayan Gol Ophiolite— Geological Record of an Early Carboniferous "Red Sea Type"Ocean Basin in the Tianshan Mountains, Northwestern China

The Bayan Gol ophiolite fragment is a portion of the North Tianshan Early Carboniferous ophiolite belt. This ophiolite belt represents a geological record of an Early Carboniferous “Red Sea type” ocean basin that was developed on the northern margin of the Tianshan Carboniferous-Permian rift system in northwestern China. The late Early Carboniferous Bayan Gol ophiolite suite was emplaced in an Early Carboniferous rift volcanosedimentary succession of shallow-marine to continental facies (Volcanics Unit). Ophiolitic rocks in the Bayan Gol area comprise ultramafic rocks, gabbros with associated plagiogranite veins, diorite, diabase, pillow basalts and massive lavas. The Early Carboniferous tiffing and the opening process of the North Tianshan ocean basin produced mafic magmas in composition of tholeiite and minor amounts of evolved magmas. Compositions of trace elements and Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes reveal the presence of two distinct mantle sources: (1) the Early Carboniferous rift mafic lavas from the Volcanics Unit were generated by a relatively low degree of partial melting of an asthenospheric OIB-type intraplate source; (2)younger (late Early Carboniferous, -324.8 Ma ago) mafic lavas from the Ophiolite Unit were formed in a relatively depleted MORB-like mantle source, located in the uppermost asthenosphere and then gradually mixed with melts from the asthenospheric OIB-like mantle. A slight interaction between asthenosphere-derived magmas and lithospheric mantle took place during ascent to the surface. Subsequently, the most depleted mafic lavas of the ophiolite assemblage were contaminated by upper-crustal components (seawater or carbonate crust).