开边界海盆尺度环流模式模拟北太平洋CFCs分布

利用一个开边界北太平洋海盆尺度环流模式模拟了北太平洋CFCs的吸收和分布.模式计算了CFC_11海气界面通量及其在海洋中的输运和再分布，考察了开边界对模式模拟结果的影响以及开边界模式中不同沿等密度面扩散系数的影响.打开南边界可以很好地改善赤道以南海区的CFC_11模拟.增加沿等密度面扩散系数使得137°E和165°E断面模拟的高CFC_11水向南、向下输送的强度和影响范围都有明显增大，能很好地改善西北太平洋的模拟结果.西北太平洋是CFC_11的一个重要的汇区，此外在赤道东太平洋上升流区还存在一个小的汇区.     

气象观测资料综合处理系统

本系统可以完成山西省各气象台站人工站及自动站多种类型的气象观测资料的接收,对接收后的资料进行解包,并将资料接收情况进行登记,系统把资料接收情况生成回执文件反馈回资料发送单位。业务管理部门可以通过系统制作的报表和Intranet查询登记库来了解资料到达情况。本系统还简化了各种资料的审核过程。     

Open Data Services和Socket的应用研究--数据库服务器与应用程序间网络通信接口模块的设计

在数据库应用系统开发时常遇到的问题是如何合理的设计外部进程访问数据库的时闻控制方案，在满足设计要求的响应时问的前提下。把握好系统与网络负载同系统事务响应处理速度之间的平衡关系。但在实际开发过程中对于某些类型数据的响应处理缺乏有效率的解决途径。此类数据采用通常的处理方式往往不能较好地得到解决。基于此，开发了1种由ODS API和Socket缩程的数据库ESP扩展方法，由应用系统主动查询方式变为数据库系统主动通知或推送的方式，从而提供了1种高效率的解决方案。     

Energy and pitch-angle dispersions of LLBL/cusp ions seen at middle altitudes: predictions by the open magnetosphere model

Numerical simulations are presented of the ion distribution functions seen by middle-altitude spacecraft in the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) and cusp regions when reconnection is, or has recently been, taking place at the equatorial magnetopause. From the evolution of the distribution function with time elapsed since the field line was opened, both the observed energy/observation-time and pitch-angle/energy dispersions are well reproduced. Distribution functions showing a mixture of magnetosheath and magnetospheric ions, often thought to be a signature of the LLBL, are found on newly opened field lines as a natural consequence of the magnetopause effects on the ions and their flight times. In addition, it is shown that the extent of the source region of the magnetosheath ions that are detected by a satellite is a function of the sensitivity of the ion instrument . If the instrument one-count level is high (and/or solar-wind densities are low), the cusp ion precipitation detected comes from a localised region of the mid-latitude magnetopause (around the magnetic cusp), even though the reconnection takes place at the equatorial magnetopause. However, if the instrument sensitivity is high enough, then ions injected from a large segment of the dayside magnetosphere (in the relevant hemisphere) will be detected in the cusp. Ion precipitation classed as LLBL is shown to arise from the low-latitude magnetopause, irrespective of the instrument sensitivity. Adoption of threshold flux definitions has the same effect as instrument sensitivity in artificially restricting the apparent source region.     

矿山层状反倾边坡岩体移动规律的试验研究

本文基于现代工程地质力学理论与相似模拟原理, 采用地质力学模拟试验方法, 以某矿顶帮边坡为工程实例, 结合大量滑坡实例综合分析, 研究了层状反倾边坡岩体随采矿工程发展的移动规律和潜在滑坡模式。     

开放的地图制图专家系统设计

本文把开放的思想引入地图制图专家系统中，详细论述了多知识表达的知识库、多向推理的推理机及开放的解释机制等关键问题。     

江苏南京市废弃露采矿山环境整治实践与对策研究

禁止开山采石后,加强矿山环境恢复治理是促进资源合理开发利用与生态保护相协调的必然要求。结合南京市废弃露采矿山环境整治工作实践,在对该项工作现状进行充分调研的基础上,对矿山环境整治工作中存在的主要问题进行了分析,从政策层面和技术层面上对进一步做好废弃矿山环境整治工作进行了深入地思考和探索。     

Power-law index for velocity profiles in open channel flows

Turbulence theory has demonstrated that the log law is one of the established theoretical results for describing velocity profiles, which is in principle applicable for the near-bed overlap region, being less than about 20% of the flow depth. In comparison, the power law that is often presented in an empirical fashion could apply to larger fraction of the flow domain. However, limited information is available for evaluating the power-law exponent or index. This paper attempts to show that the power law can be derived as a first-order approximation to the log law, and its power-law index is computed as a function of the Reynolds number as well as the relative roughness height. The result obtained also coincides with the fact that the one-sixth power included in the Manning equation is of prevalent acceptance, while higher indexes would be required for flows over very rough boundaries.     

Profitability and the poor: Corporate strategies, innovation and sustainability

Based on empirical evidence, the article looks at the implications of private sector participation (PSP) for the delivery of water supply and sanitation to the urban and peri-urban poor in developing countries, with particular reference to Africa and Latin America. More precisely, the article addresses the impact produced by multinational companies’ (MNCs) strategies, in light of the pursuit of profitability, on the extension of connections to the pipeline network. It does so by questioning the assumptions that greater private sector efficiency and innovation, together with contract design, will enable the sustainable extension of service coverage to low income dwellers. The strategies of the major water MNCs are considered both in relation to the global expansion of their operations and the adjustment of local strategies to commercial considerations. The latter might result in identifying profitable markets, modifying contractual provisions, attempting to reduce costs and increase income, reducing risks and exiting from non-performing contracts. The evidence reviewed allows for re-assessing the relative roles of the public and private sectors in extending and delivering water services to the poor. First, the most far reaching innovative approaches to extending connections are more likely to come from communities, public authorities and political activity than from MNCs. Secondly, whenever MNCs are liable to exit from non-profitable contracts, the public sector has no other option than to deal with external risks affecting continuity of provision. Finally, market limitations affecting MNCs’ ability to serve marginal populations and access cheap capital do not apply to well-organised, politically led public sector undertakings.     

基于开源MapServer地理信息发布实现的研究

WebGIS能在网络上发布地理信息,实现对地理信息的操作。针对当前WebGIS面临的主要问题,基于Web的地理信息系统的现状以及其发展趋势的基础上,笔者提出一个基于开源MapServer与PostgreSQL(PostGIS)的空间数据发布系统的构建方法。通过Mapfile文件进行描述和配置,实现了以开源空间数据库PostgreSQL(PostGIS)为数据源并基于开源MapServer的地理信息的发布。结果表明:通过MapServer和Postgre SQL(PostGIS)能搭建一个开源地理信息发布系统;通过对Mapfile属性中的逻辑表达式进行修改,可以使地物在不同比例尺下进行分层显示;图层的数量对系统的性能有明显影响,尤其是数量大于100个时,减少图层数量可以有效地提升系统性能。