Trend analysis of Climatic Research Unit temperature dataset for Gangotri glacier,India

The absence of continuous long term meteorological dataset has led to limited knowledge of glaciers’ response to climate change over Himalayas. This study presents an open source long term temperature dataset Climatic Research Unit (CRU) available since 1901 to study trend analysis of temperature (T_max, T_min and T_mean) for Gangotri basin in Himalayas. The study first establishes close agreement between CRU time series data and observed temperature dataset available from National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee for a period of 11 years from 2005 to 2015 using standard anomaly, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank (WSR) and correlation tests. The close agreement of CRU with NIH data validate the use of CRU time series to study variation in meteorological parameter for hilly terrain of Himalayas. The second part includes application of different statistical tests such as Mann-Kendall (MK), Sen’s slope and CUSUM technique on CRU data to detect existence of any possible trends and identification of change points in T_max, T_min and T_mean on long term scale. On annual scale, significant increasing trends for T_mean and T_min were observed with no significant trend for T_max. On seasonal and monthly scale, T_max showed significant decreasing trend for monsoon season and increasing trend for winters while T_min show significant increasing trend for all months (except May) and seasons. CUSUM technique identified 8 change points from 3 annual time series with 2 for T_mean (1974 and 1999), 3 each for T_max (1941, 1975 and 1999) and T_min (1941, 1965 and 1999) respectively. Overall, significant increase in T_min with no significant trend for T_max has been identified over the study area.     

疏水材料处理吉林西部乾安地区盐渍土的力学强度试验

为了给吉林西部乾安地区盐渍土边坡水渠工程施工提供理论依据及施工参考,利用新型泥土超疏水乳液（CN）对该区盐渍土进行了处理,研究了不同处理条件下CN对盐渍土土体力学强度的影响,将经过不同处理的素土与CN土无侧限抗压强度进行对比,结果表明：1）在不同含水率条件下,CN土的无侧限抗压强度均有较大提升,且在14.86%含水率时取得最大提升率98.90%;随着含水率的增加,素土与CN土应力-应变曲线均存在由硬化型向软化型的转变,其阈值在最优含水率附近。2）随着压实度的增加,CN土无侧限抗压强度逐渐增强,在90%压实度条件下取得最大提升率130.77%;且CN处理后,原本呈塑性硬化型的素土转变成脆性软化型。3）盐分的增加对于CN土无侧限抗压强度起到了抑制作用,在0.3%含盐量条件下取得最大无侧限抗压强度1.33 MPa;过量的盐分结晶会破坏CN形成的纳米结构疏水膜,使得在高含盐量条件下,CN土的抗压强度低于素土。4）扫描电镜实验对CN土微观机理探讨,CN处理后使得土颗粒团聚呈大颗粒,颗粒表面光滑,孔隙发育减少。结构单元体和孔隙单元体的分析证明了处理后土体连结更为紧密,从而提升抗压强度。     

Making a new area in Xiong’an: Incentives and challenges of China’s “Millennium Plan”

On April 1, 2017, China announced to initiate the Xiong’an New Area (XNA) plan, which is a national-level strategy aimed at alleviating the pressures felt by Beijing and promoting the integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) city-region. In China, a city-region can be viewed as an outcome of state spatial selectivity that aims to manage crises and maintain governance through strong state involvement. This paper attempts to provide a broad view of the XNA plan by examining it in the context of China’s long-term efforts to coordinate the BTH region, explaining the incentives associated with choosing Xiong’an, and analyzing the challenges the plan has faced. Considering that theoretical insights based on Western experience may not be applicable to China, this paper can contribute to the debate revealing the logics of city-region building in different contexts.     

A new exposure of Quaternary deposits at Poets’ Corner Yard,Westminster Abbey,Central London

Work prior to the construction of a tower for access to the triforium, Westminster Abbey, provided temporary exposures of Quaternary deposits. Two units were seen: the Shepperton Gravel Member, and overlying Poets’ Corner Sand (new name). Distinctive features of the Poets’ Corner Sand are described. The age of the base of the Poets’ Corner Sand by optical dating is 15 000?±?1000?years BP. The foundations of the Abbey are briefly described.     

长三角地区多尺度城市网络空间演化及互馈效应研究

基于2003—2018年长三角地区跨国、跨区以及区内企业异地投资数据,融合社会网络分析、面板向量自回归模型和地理加权回归模型等方法,探究长三角地区多尺度城市网络空间演化及其动态互馈效应。结果表明：① 全球、全国和区域尺度城市网络分别处于初步发展、稳步发展和完善发展阶段,各尺度网络均呈现出区域化倾向,以沪宁合杭甬发展廊道为支撑的网络空间结构正在形成。② 城市的全球与全国功能联系之间存在相互促进的关系;城市的区域功能联系提升能够促使其融入全球和全国尺度城市网络,反之,城市的全球与全国功能联系提升却未能促进其进一步融入长三角内部城市网络,融入全球尺度城市网络甚至对城市的区域功能联系产生显著的抑制作用。此外,多尺度城市网络互馈效应具有明显的空间异质性,并与区域经济发展格局相耦合。     

中国旅游城市星级饭店韧性时空分异及影响因素

新冠肺炎疫情重创全球旅游业、饭店业,但不同城市旅游业、饭店业应对和适应扰动的能力不同,即韧性存在差异。以中国41个旅游城市的星级饭店为研究对象,构建基于累积损失的韧性评估模型,运用SARIMA、随机森林等方法,探讨新冠肺炎疫情干扰下2020年旅游城市星级饭店韧性的时空分异特征及影响因素。研究发现：①在中国疫情防控成效逐渐趋好的态势下,中国旅游城市星级饭店韧性不断增强,但韧性演变存在差异。②中国旅游城市星级饭店韧性空间分异明显,存在交通廊道效应和地理邻近效应。③影响旅游城市星级饭店韧性水平的主要因素依次为：客房平均出租率增长率、餐饮与客房收入比、人均公园绿地面积、国内旅游收入增长率、空气质量优良率、城镇居民人均可支配收入等,它们对旅游城市星级饭店韧性水平的影响呈现出非线性的复杂作用。对指导新冠肺炎疫情干扰下旅游城市星级饭店韧性增强具有重要的参考价值。     

The Impact of Herder Sedentarization on Natural Resource Access in Northeastern Ghana

The Fulani of West Africa have increasingly migrated to humid West Africa since the Sahelian droughts of the 1970s, drawing opposition from indigenous groups that are concerned about the deprivation of their livelihood and monopolization of resources for herders’ livestock. This research, which involved farmers, shepherds, and Fulani herders, addressed three issues: the nature of indigenous grazing and watering regimes, shepherd–herder relations, and herders’ impact on resource access for indigenes’ livestock. The research indicates that in-community and off-community platforms for resource access exist. The former has not been impacted by the herders; the latter has experienced changes insufficient to constitute an overhaul of resource access at the expense of indigenes’ livestock. Instead, a “shepherd–herder” category of resource access has emerged that is characterized by negotiation for resource space, opening avenues for addressing broader resource access issues, and typically tense indigene–herder relationships.     

Morphological and molecular evidence supports the occurrence of a single species of Zebrias zebrinus along the coastal waters of China

The so-called zebra sole includes a group of small flatfishes characterized by transverse band pairs on the ocular side and distributed throughout shallow waters along the coast of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Sev-eral species of the zebra sole have been recorded from the coastal waters of China. Morphological analysis of 1 107 specimens of the zebra sole from 15 successive localities along the China’s coast demonstrated that no significant variations among these localities were found on the basis of meristic counts and morphometric characters. Phylogenetic analysis based onCOI gene sequences of 14 individuals and D-loop of 22 indi-viduals from eight localities showed that they were indistinguishable among these localities. Therefore, both morphological and molecular evidence supported the occurrence of a single species of the zebra sole along the China’s coast. The available name for this species isZebriaszebrinus （Temminck and Schlegel, 1846） in-stead ofZ.zebra （Bloch, 1787）.Zebrias fasciatus（Basilewsky, 1855） andSolea ommatura （Richardson, 1846） are considered here as two synonyms ofZ. zebrinus.     

地球内部应变与应力固体潮

本文详细介绍了地球内部应变和应力固体潮的计算理论,基于PREM地球模型计算了地球内部的Love数,并计算了地球内部的应力和应变的6个独立分量在不同深度和纬度处的时间变化序列.结果表明:应力潮汐的振幅达到10³Pa,应变潮汐振幅达到10^-8;不管应力或是应变潮汐,其振幅随深度的不同都有较大的变化;6个应力和应变分量对纬度依赖较大,但没有表现出南北纬度上的严格的对称性,与纬度的对应关系由引潮位展开的大地系数确定.本文结果可有效应用于地球内部应变或应力潮汐观测的固体潮改正;另外,将本文结果应用于研究潮汐触发地震问题,给出了中国中部地区的一个算例,结果表明地震断层正应力潮汐和应力张量第一不变量潮汐与发震时刻具有明显的相关性,而这种相关性并未在其他如剪切应力以及库伦破坏应力潮汐中表现出来.     

Cartographie du potentiel en eau souterraine du bassin versant de la Lobo (Centre-Ouest,Côte d’Ivoire) : approche par analyse multicritère

RÉSUMÉ

Ce travail aborde le problème d’accessibilité en eau potable dans les zones fissurées de la Côte d’Ivoire notamment en saison sèche. Sur le bassin versant de la Lobo, le problème se pose avec plus d’acuité puisque les retenues aménagées pour l’alimentation en eau des populations ne sont pas correctement alimentées ces dernières années et sujettes à une très forte eutrophisation. L’approche pluridisciplinaire (télédétection, analyse multicritère et système d’information hydrogéologique à référence spatiale) a été adoptée. La cartographie des sites potentiels en eau montre que la quasi-totalité du bassin de la Lobo possède une bonne et excellente disponibilité en eau souterraine (93% de la superficie totale). Cette bonne disponibilité en eau souterraine est due à une faible pente et à une bonne densité de fracturation qui entrainent une bonne infiltration des eaux dans l’aquifère. L’identification des sites potentiels montre que près de 72% de la superficie du bassin est favorable à l’implantation d’ouvrages à gros débits. Dans l’ensemble, ces aquifères présentent une bonne accessibilité avec cependant, une exploitabilité médiocre.

Editeur Z. W. Kundzewicz; Edithur Associé M.D. Fidelibus