基于kd-tree的建筑物散乱点云平面分割

应用kd-tree快速确定散乱点云数据中某一个点的邻域,不需要先验地知道点云数据之间的拓扑(邻接)关系,使得建筑物点云平面分割算法更一般化,应用面更广。根据建筑物平面特征的先验信息,并采用高效数据结构,优化了平面分割算法,给出了散乱点云平面分割的实现和相应结果,说明了基于kd-tree的建筑物散乱点云平面分割算法的有效性。     

基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究

基于1960~2015年西安气象站点逐日最高温、最低温数据,采用RHtest软件对非均一化气温序列进行订正,进而选取16项极端气温指数,对西安极端气温变化特征进行分析。结果表明：① 由于气象站点迁移,西安气温资料存在非均一性,导致极端气温变化趋势被低估;② 全球变暖背景下,西安极端气温变化表现出：“快速增温与平稳波动并存,冷暖变化趋势相反,夜晚增暖趋势比白天明显,白天波动变化明显于夜晚,持续性高温事件变化不大,持续性低温事件大幅下降”的变化特征;③ 通过不同区域趋势变化对比、冷暖、昼夜变化关系对比发现,受城市热岛影响,西安极端低温事件减少更为突出,远高于中国其他对比区域（秦岭南北、黄土高原、东北地区等）;④ 在昼夜变化上,西安极端气温变化与中国、全球变化具有一致性,但是通过冷暖指标对比发现,西安极端气温变化具有区域性,表现为冷昼日数下降高于暖昼日数上升,冷夜日数下降高于暖夜日数上升,冷持续日数和暖持续日数共同表现为下降趋势。     

京津冀雄旅游经济空间结构研究

利用引力模型和社会网络分析法,采用网络密度、网络中心度和核心边缘指数,对2013和2016年的京津冀雄地区的旅游经济空间结构进行分析。分析发现：① 旅游经济联系度和联系量提高显著,旅游经济联系有均质化趋势。② 网络结构呈现北部和南部相对稀疏,中东部相对密集的非均质格局。③ 雄安新区是旅游网络空间的战略节点,该区将促进京津冀旅游均质化发展。④ 具有一定的核心-边缘区结构,北京和天津为核心区;邢台和雄安为边缘地区;其他区域为中间区。石家庄和邯郸将成为除京津之外的旅游经济网络结构中心。京津冀雄逐步从“两核独大”网络格局向“两核带动,多点发展”转变,区域整体网络化初步形成。     

基于感知情境的北京不同类型旅游景区游客满意度研究

基于对北京16个景点游客的问卷调查,利用结构方程模型,分析了北京市不同类型旅游景区游客满意度的影响因素。研究结果表明：一方面,不同类型旅游景区游客满意度评价各影响因素影响程度不同。其中,影响自然风光类景区和现代文化类景区游客满意度的最主要因子为服务水平;便利性对历史古迹类景区游客满意度评价影响最大,景区主体特征对博物馆类景区游客满意度评价影响最为显著,而安全水平对各类旅游景区游客满意度评价影响相对显著,反映出北京市旅游景点整体安全水平较高。另一方面,不同类型景区之间游客满意度和出游决策路径系数存在显著差异,游客满意度对出游决策有正向影响。研究的政策涵义在于：北京市在旅游规划和管理中,需强化景区主体特征,完善景区的旅游功能,加强景区类型的划分,提高社会服务水平,增强游客体验性,从而提升北京旅游的整体形象。     

中国东北地区人为活动对森林景观格局及鹿科动物生境的影响（英文）

Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors. Forest resource inventory data in 2010 were used to evaluate the patterns of habitat for target species of Cervidae in six typical forestry bureaus of the Yichun forest area in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, northeastern China. A habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used based on elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation and age of tree. These five environmental factors were selected by boosted regression tree(BRT) analysis from 14 environmental variables collected during field surveys. Changes in habitat caused by anthropogenic activities mainly involving settlement and road factors were also considered. The results identified 1780.49 km2 of most-suitable and 1770.70 km2 of unsuitable habitat areas under natural conditions, covering 16.38% and 16.29% of the entire study area, respectively. The area of most-suitable habitat had been reduced by 4.86% when human interference was taken into account, whereas the unsuitable habitat area had increased by 11.3%, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance turned some potential habitats into unsuitable ones. Landscape metrics indicated that average patch area declined while patch density and edge density increased. This suggests that as habitat becomes fragmented and its quality becomes degraded by human activities, cervid populations will be threatened with extirpation. The study helped identify the spatial extent of habitat influenced by anthropogenic interference for the local cervid population. As cervid species clearly avoid human activities, more attention should be paid on considering the way and intensity of human activities for habitat management as fully as possible.     

Analysis of collaboration networks in OpenStreetMap through weighted social multigraph mining

This paper aims to qualify the behaviour of contributors to OpenStreetMap (OSM), a volunteered geographic information (VGI) project, through a multigraph approach. The main purpose is to reproduce contributor’s interactions in a more comprehensive way. First, we define a multigraph that combines existing spatial collaboration networks from the literature with new graphs that illustrate collaboration based on specific aspects of the VGI modes of contribution through semantics, geometry and topology. Indeed, the ways that contributors interact with one another through editing, completion, or even consumption may provide additional information on each user’s operation mode and therefore, on the quality of the contributed data. Social collaborations drawn from indirect criteria – for example, comparisons between contributors’ activity areas – can also be contemplated under another network. Second, the resulting multigraph is analysed using data mining approaches to characterise individuals and identify behavioural groups. The implementation of a multiplex network based on an OSM data sample and an initial analysis make it possible to identify useful behaviours for data qualification. The initial results characterise some contributors as pioneers, moderators and truthful contributors, according to their special roles in the graphs. Mapping elements that include these contributors’ participation are likely to be reliable data     

CE-5器间分离的同波束干涉测量的准实时监测法

“嫦娥5号”探测器的组成包括轨道器、返回器、着陆器和上升器。在环月阶段,两个组合体(轨道器/返回器组合体和着陆器/上升器组合体)之间的分离实时监测,是飞行控制的关键检测段。本文提出利用甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)测轨技术实现绕月探测器器间分离实时监测。特别是在器间分离前后,本文方法能够利用探测器器间两路下行信号进行同波束干涉测量(SBI),差分时延测量能够提高器间相对距离的解算精度。单基线试验分析表明,本文方法基于实测数据的“嫦娥3号”着陆器两天线的相对距离解算精度优于0.3m,平均相对距离误差约为0.15m,基于“嫦娥5号”仿真数据的双阈值判定对器间分离监测的响应时延优于30s。     

Study of crustal thickness and poisson’s ratio of the south of Erenhot area by teleseismic receiver function

The Xing’an Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB) and the northern margin of North China Craton (NCC) have undergone multistage tectonic superimposition and the tectonic evolution is extremely complicated. We collect the teleseismic data of 44 temporary broadband seismic stations deployed in the XMOB and the northern margin of NCC to calculate the P wave receiver functions. The crustal thickness and average crustal ratio as well as the Poisson’s ratios beneath 33 stations are estimated using the H-κ stacking method. The results show: (1) the crustal thickness of the study area ranges from 38.7 to 42.7 km, with an average thickness of 41.2 km. There is a great difference in crustal thickness on both sides of Solonker suture zone. The characteristics of crustal thickness support the geodynamic model that the Paleo-Asian Ocean subducted and closed at the Solonker suture zone. (2) The Poisson’s ratios in the study area are low, ranging from 0.215 to 0.277, with an average value of 0.243, suggesting that the rock composition of the area is dominated by felsic-acid rocks. (3) There exists a negative correlation between the Poisson’s ratio and the crustal thickness. Combined with the lower values of Poisson’s ratio, we speculate that the delamination is the major mechanism in crustal extension and thinning in the study area.     

Etude de l’évaporation de la nappe phréatique des zones arides: cas de Ouargla (Algérie)

La majorité des surfaces mises en valeur dans les zones arides et semi-arides de l’Algérie reposent sur des nappes phréatiques très minéralisées dont le niveau est proche de la surface du sol (0–1,5 m). En présence de conditions climatiques très sévères, le processus d’évaporation de ces nappes contribue en grande partie à la salinisation des terres et la dégradation du milieu. Les résultats de l’étude de l’évaporation de la nappe phréatique de la région de Ouargla montre que l’évaporation diminue au fur et à mesure que le niveau de la nappe s’éloigne de la surface du sol. L’évaporation de la nappe est maximale et égale à l’évaporation du plan d’eau lorsque le niveau de cette nappe est situé dans la couche 0–0,6 m et devient minimale au dessous de 1,7 m. Pour une meilleure mise en valeur des terres et une production agricole élevée, il est nécessaire de connaître la profondeur critique de la nappe phréatique, profondeur pour laquelle l’évaporation est faible et par conséquent le dépôt de sels est faible dans les sols à texture sableuse de la région aride de Ouargla.     

南海北部阳江‒一统暗沙断裂带与新近纪岩浆活动

阳江?一统暗沙断裂带是南海北部珠江口盆地极其重要的中?新生代构造带和转换带.基于钻井资料和大范围、高密度的二维、三维地震资料,本文初步揭示阳江?一统暗沙断裂带走向为NW-NWW向、宽约30 km,沿着断裂走向从陆架至洋陆边界断裂带可分为北?中?南三段,断裂在新生代选择性活化,具有多重走滑断裂叠合和基底岩浆底辟强烈等特点...