天津市典型老旧民居抗震能力分析

本文对天津市典型老旧民居进行了抗震能力分析,介绍了它们的结构形式,抗震性能。并根据相应的规范和标准,对其中一幢民居楼进行了抗震能力分析和鉴定。研究表明,在遭受Ⅶ度小震时,顶层中等破坏;Ⅷ度中震时,顶层严重破坏;Ⅸ度大震时,顶层倒塌。建议尽快进行抗震加固。本文指出了抗震薄弱环节,并给出了抗震加固措施。本文可为天津市典型老旧民居的抗震加固提供科学依据和技术支持。     

山东济南和新泰馒头组中浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本特征及其大地构造意义

馒头组是华北地台盖层的重要组成之一,以陆源细碎屑岩为主夹碳酸盐岩。前人研究认为馒头组是滨海沼泽相、潮坪—泻湖相和沿岸滩坝相沉积组合。我们首次在济南和新泰地区馒头组中发现浊积岩和滑塌堆积组合,表明华北地台早寒武世沉积组合形成于深海半深海浅海中,曾存在古斜坡和构造隆升作用。详细研究浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本地质特征,不仅对于进一步认识华北地台古生代古地貌特征以及古潜山的形成和演化具有重要意义,而且可为渤海湾盆地中古潜山成因以及潜山油气资源勘探提供借鉴。     

Origin and significance of soft-sediment deformation in the Old Red Sandstone of central South Wales,UK

Vertically oriented water-escape cusps are the most common type of soft-sediment deformation structure in sandstone-rich intervals of the fluvial Brownstones and Senni Formations (Cosheston Subgroup, Daugleddau Group) of the Lower Old Red Sandstone in the central Brecon Beacons and eastern Black Mountains, South Wales. The structures are widely distributed and occur at several stratigraphical levels. They can be divided into two styles. (1) Small-scale (height less than a single bed), isolated water-escape cusps formed when loosely packed sediment deposited rapidly in flood events liquefied in advance of subsequent flood events or pulses, causing localised fluidization due to the escape of excess pore water. Inclined cusps higher in some beds confirm the relationship of this deformation style to active flood events. (2) Horizons of larger-scale (occupying the entire bed thickness), laterally continuous water-escape cusps and fold trains can be traced for hundreds of metres to kilometres and result from widespread liquefaction in response to earthquakes. A lack of overturning indicates that their formation did not coincide with active flow conditions. Further detailed mapping is needed to clarify the continuity and extent of such structures and their relationship to faults that may have been active during sedimentation. The occurrence of triggers capable of causing liquefaction in granular materials provides a greater control on the occurrence of soft-sediment deformation than do lithological controls such as grain size or interbedding of sandstone and mudstone. The findings are broadly consistent with interpretations of soft-sediment deformation in the Cosheston Subgroup in Pembrokeshire, SW Wales.     

福建海坛岛青峰老红砂旋回沉积的粒度特征及其古环境意义

福建海坛岛青峰老红砂剖面以棕红色砂层和黄橙色砂层的交替旋回变化为显著特征。通过野外考察、采样和测定分析,对青峰老红砂剖面的粒度特征及其古气候意义进行深入研究。结果表明：（1）青峰剖面棕红色砂层以细砂为主,黄橙色砂层以中砂为主,细砂-中砂在剖面上呈现明显的交替旋回变化;（2）棕红色砂层和黄橙色砂层的粒度频率曲线均以单峰加一细尾为主,含有一定量的粉砂、黏土;概率累积曲线以滚-跳-悬三段式为主,但两种砂层在组分含量、斜率等方面存在差异;（3）粒度参数呈现明显的波动旋回变化,可能指示沉积时期区域风力、搬运动力、化学风化强度方面发生了周期性变化,即棕红色砂层显示了暖湿气候条件下的红壤化过程,黄橙色砂层则显示凉干气候条件下的黄壤化过程。因此,青峰老红砂旋回沉积表明第四纪晚期以来,福建东部沿海的古气候古土壤可能经历了南亚热带（赤红壤）和暖温带（黄壤）的交替变迁。     

Physical model experiments for sediment supply to the old Rhine through induced bank erosion

A mobile-bed, undistorted physical model （1：40） has been used to investigate different sediment supply strategies to the Old Rhine through bank protection removal and modifications of groyne dimensions and configuration, which cause bank erosion. This trained channel was previously the main bed of the upper Rhine downstream of Basel （Switzerland）, but it has an artificially low flow regime since the construction of the Grand Canal d＇Alsace, a navigation canal, and a flow control dam at Kembs （France）. Training works and subsequent channel incision have also greatly reduced sediment transport rates and created a heavily armoured bed. The modelled pilot site has a groyne field on the left bank. Results show that the currently existing groynes at the site are not effective in creating high bank-side velocities conducive to bank erosion, even for flow rates significantly higher than the mean annual flow rate. The river bank has also proved to be more resistant than previously thought, allowing long stretches of bank protection to be safely removed. The physical model testing process has produced a new configuration for the groyne field, where two higher, larger island groynes are placed further apart than the three existing attached groynes. This innovative approach has proved effective, causing bank erosion for flow rates below the mean annual flow rate, with consistent erosion being observed. It has also been found that such a configuration does not pose a hazard for the Grand Canal d＇Alsace, which is situated next to the Old Rhine, through excessive bank erosion during high flow events.     

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.     

建国前中国共产党获取群众支持经验浅析

从1921年中国共产党的成立到1949年中华人民共和国成立前,是中国共产党创建与局部执政时期。这时期,中国共产党及其领导下的军队为了获取群众支持,积累了丰富的经验。这些经验可以概括为:关心群众利益,让群众拥护党和政府;实行精兵简政,让群众理解党和政府;严惩贪污腐败,让群众相信党及其领导下的地方政府。     

华南沿海老红砂的成因与红化作用

根据野外调查和室内实验分析，以及测年数据，本文讨论了华南沿海老红砂的成因、年龄与形成环境。认为老红砂是晚更新世末次冰期海岸风沙堆积，红色特征与亚间冰期的温暖古气候有关。在湿热气候下，古风成砂中含铁硅酸盐矿物氧化生成赤铁矿，而使无色石英沙粒染成红色，是其红化的主要机制。风成砂形成红色的时间不超过１万年。     

金刚石包裹体中的古地幔信息

金刚石在地幔环境生长过程中会捕获一些包裹体，这些包裹体能够被金刚石携带到地球表层，金刚石包裹体保存有其生长时古地幔环境的信息，通过对这些包裹体的研究，,可以获取古地幔环境的信息，阐述了金铡石包裹体的特征，综述了金刚石包裹体在获取古地幔物理化学环境，相环境以及地幔信息方面的取得的一些成果。