珊瑚岛礁海岸多尺度波流运动特性研究新进展

珊瑚岛礁海岸波流动力复杂、地貌形态特殊、工程响应未知, 波浪传播变形和波生环流对建筑物安全、地形地貌演变、防灾减灾和生态环境保护都有重要影响。本文从大范围大洋海脊导波与岛礁波浪俘获、中等尺度的礁坪-潟湖-裂口系统波流特性、建筑物前沿的局部波流特性及工程响应等三种不同空间尺度上综述了波流运动特性研究的新进展, 主要包括深水大范围的海脊波浪引导与岛礁波浪俘获的理论解析、礁坪-潟湖-裂口系统整体物理模型实验、基于大水槽实验的建筑物影响下波流演化过程及越浪量和波浪力计算方法, 并提出亟需深入研究的重点内容。     

天山中段的深浅构造特征

天山起源于古生代的陆-陆碰撞作用,又经历了中新生代的典型陆内造山过程,其深浅构造结构和活动性一直是众多学者关注的热点。文中通过多种地球物理探测和综合地质构造分析, 以地学断面形式对其深浅构造进行填图,揭示了天山中段复杂的深浅构造特色。结果表明:沿古生代的陆-陆碰撞缝合带两侧分别呈现出主要构造地质单元由老到新的对称性,并伴有相应深部结构的复杂性,反映了碰撞过程及后期的构造演化特点;天山中部的上地幔顶部存在厚近 10km、宽近 200km、几乎涵盖整个天山的低速高导层,可能是中新生代以来天山的陆内再造山作用引起的壳幔拆沉作用形成的残留下地壳     

地下结构物对地下水流场影响的特性规律

城市的发展对交通提出了更高的要求, 这就引发了地铁的快速发展, 而地铁车站的存在, 会对原本稳定的地下水流场产生阻挡效应, 因此, 很有必要研究地下结构物对地下水流场造成的影响。本文采用数值方法研究地下结构物对地下水流场的影响, 基于单元中心有限差分法软件Visual, MODFLOW。为了明确地下结构物影响地下水流场的因素, 对计算模型进行了简化, 模型计算针对的是单层土层中地下结构物对地下水流场的影响。研究表明:地下结构物不仅能够影响地下水流场的稳定时间, 而且使得迎水面水位上升, 背水面水位下降, 其中, 对背水面的影响程度大于迎水面。地下结构物左右侧上下游之间的水位差, 也是其中的影响因素之一。     

再论贺兰山南部北西向构造成因

贺兰山南部分布着多个方向的构造，其中最明显地是一系列的北西向构造，目前这些构造的相互关系以及形成机制还没有得到合理地解释，争论很大；野外构造研究表明，贺兰山南部北西向构造的形成与青铜峡一固原断裂活动有密切的关系，是该断裂由走滑运动向挤压运动转换时的派生构造；从另一角度也说明，在中新生代由青铜峡一固原断裂所限定的地块(卫宁北山)向东运动，而这些北西向构造的形成主要发生在新生代。由于卫宁北山向东运动的动力来源于青藏高原，因此，贺兰山南部北西向构造的形成与青藏高原的演化有密切的联系。所以。作为中国重要地质界限的南北向构造——贺兰山已经被青藏高原的构造活动所叠加。     

Nonlinear seismic behaviour of wall-frame dual systems accounting for soil–structure interaction

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of soil–structure interaction on the seismic response of coupled wall-frame structures on pile foundations designed according to modern seismic provisions. The analysis methodology based on the substructure method is recalled focusing on the modelling of pile group foundations. The nonlinear inertial interaction analysis is performed in the time domain by using a finite element model of the superstructure. Suitable lumped parameter models are implemented to reproduce the frequency-dependent compliance of the soil-foundation systems. The effects of soil–structure interaction are evaluated by considering a realistic case study consisting of a 6-storey 4-bay wall-frame structure founded on piles. Different two-layered soil deposits are investigated by varying the layer thicknesses and properties. Artificial earthquakes are employed to simulate the earthquake input. Comparisons of the results obtained considering compliant base and fixed base models are presented by addressing the effects of soil–structure interaction on displacements, base shears, and ductility demand. The evolution of dissipative mechanisms and the relevant redistribution of shear between the wall and the frame are investigated by considering earthquakes with increasing intensity. Effects on the foundations are also shown by pointing out the importance of both kinematic and inertial interaction. Finally, the response of the structure to some real near-fault records is studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Levant Slumps and the Phoenician Structures: collapse features along the continental margin of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea

Two distinct series of slumps deform the upper part of the sedimentary sequence along the continental margin of the Levant. One series is found along the base of the continental slope, where it overlies the disrupted eastern edge of the Messinian evaporites. The second series of slumps transects the continental margin from the shelf break to the Levant Basin. It seemed that the two series were triggered by two unrelated, though contemporaneous, processes. The shore-parallel slumps were initiated by basinwards flow of the Messinian salt, that carried along the overlying Plio-Quaternary sediments. Seawater that percolated along the detachment faults dissolved the underlying salt to form distinctly disrupted structures. The slope-normal slumps are located on top of large canyons that cut into the pre-Messinian sedimentary rocks. A layer of salt is found in the canyons, and the Plio-Quaternary sediments were deposited on that layer. The slumps are bounded by large, NW-trending faults where post-Messinian faulted offset was measured. We presume that the flow of the salt in the canyons also drives the slope-normal slumps. Thus thin-skinned halokynetic processes generated the composite post-Tortonian structural patterns of the Levant margin. The Phoenician Structures are a prime example of the collapse of a distal continental margin due to the dissolution of a massive salt layer.     

不整合结构对地层油气藏形成的控制作用研究

不整合不仅仅是一个“面”,更是一个“体”,其本身具有较独特的微观组构,即具有“空间结构”属性.通过大量的岩心观察、野外踏勘及测井资料对比解释,纵向上提出不整合结构体的概念,并将其划分为三层结构:结构体上层、结构体中层及结构体下层,其中结构体上层与下层构成储集体,结构体中层形成封盖层,且封盖强度随埋深加大而增加.地层油气藏是以不整合为界,并以其为主要圈闭条件,故以不整合为限,将地层油气藏分为不整合之上的地层超覆油气藏和不整合之下的地层剥蚀油气藏两大类,进而划分为十一亚类.通过对准噶尔盆地及渤海湾盆地典型地层油气藏的解剖,提出不整合之上的超覆尖灭线、不整合之下的剥蚀尖灭线及不整合结构体控制了地层油气藏的形成与分布.     

重磁电方法探测内蒙古苏尼特左旗填图区隐伏地质结构

摘要：地球物理方法不仅在发现和勘探隐伏矿体和能源方面发挥着重要作用,而且在区域地质填图中探测隐伏地质结构方面也大有作为,是地质和遥感填图的重要补充。本文阐述了采用重磁电资料研究内蒙古苏尼特左旗６幅１：５万填图区探测隐伏地质结构的工作：（１）推断了隐伏断裂构造;（２）推断了隐伏区岩性;（３）反演了一些局部地质体的几何参数与物性参数,以及前中生代地层顶界面和侏罗纪、白垩纪大型花岗岩体下界面的深度;（４）论述了苏尼特左旗复背斜构造;（５）指出了新的成煤有利地段。     

The stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist potency of United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore produced water effluents

The in vitro aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist potency of offshore produced water effluents, collected from the United Kingdom Continental Shelf, was determined using the dioxin responsive (DR)-chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay. Octadecylsilane (C18) solid phase extraction (SPE) extracts of produced water were exposed to DR-CALUX cells for 24 h in order to investigate the contribution in potency from compounds that are stable to metabolism by the CALUX cells during exposure. The stable AhR agonist potency determined over 24 h was highly variable and ranged from 1 to 430 ng TCDD TEQ_CALUX l⁻¹. These data reflect the highly variable composition of produced water discharges from different production fields. It is recommended that further work be performed to characterise the full range of stable dioxin like AhR agonists present in offshore produced water discharges using techniques such as bioassay-directed analysis.     

我国海底地貌研究进展及其在东海近海的新发现、新认识

在分析海底地貌学国内外研究现状基础之上,综述我国海底地貌的最新研究进展和发展历程,探讨今后我国近海地貌的研究发展方向:我国现代海底地貌学研究虽然起步较晚,但总的趋势是随着测量技术的不断更新,由宏观向微观、从大的地貌类型向特定的地貌体、从形态特征到地貌过程的研究,并着重研究人类活动与地貌过程的响应关系。针对"908专项"在我国近海海域的调查成果,着重介绍其在我国东海近海海域地形地貌研究中的新发现、新认识:长江口外古潮流沙脊群可分为堆积型、侵蚀—堆积型和侵蚀型潮流沙脊群3种类型;在福建闽江口近岸的马祖列岛和白犬列岛之间发现多条呈SW—NE走向、条带状分布的潮流沙脊,面积约200 km2,水深在15～30 m;在东海陆架沙脊区与金门岛外发现2处新的海底礁石。这些全新的发现和认识对于我国近海海底地貌的研究将起到丰富和推动作用。