中太平洋富钴锰结壳水羟锰矿研究

采用场发射电镜（JSM-6700F）和透射电镜（JEM-2000FX）研究了富钴结壳中水羟锰矿的形态和结构。结果表明:水羟锰矿单体片径一般为30～50 nm,集合体成片状或鳞片状;获得了水羟锰矿d=0.142 9 nm的单晶和三连晶电子衍射结构;水羟锰矿中Fe³⁺、Co³⁺、Ni³⁺为高自旋态离子,Co³⁺、Ni³⁺、Cu³⁺易与Mn⁴⁺形成类质同像置换,部分Fe³⁺与Mn⁴⁺可能存在有限的类质同像置换,置换反应为3 Mn⁴⁺=4Co³⁺（Ni³⁺、Cu³⁺、Fe³⁺）,体系总电价平衡。     

东太平洋多金属结核的一般特征与影响因素

本文主要阐述了东太平洋海盆国家海洋局调查区内多金属结核的物性特点、形态分区、粒级分布、矿物成分以及结核丰度、品位与生成环境因素的关系，并指出了勘探与选冶的较佳区块。     

内蒙古锡林浩特盆地早侏罗世晚期植物群:兼论中国早侏罗世晚期气候

首次报道了产于内蒙古锡林浩特盆地侏罗系红旗组的植物群,共计21属37种。该植物群由木贼目、真蕨纲、苏铁纲、银杏纲、松柏纲和少量分散保存的种子等组成,以真蕨类丰富、蚌壳蕨科Coniopteris和Eboracia出现以及南方型分子较多等为特征。该植物群的时代为早侏罗世晚期,反映研究区红旗组主体的沉积时代为早侏罗世晚期,上部沉积可能形成于中侏罗世早期。气候敏感植物,特别是南方型分子的出现,指示锡林浩特盆地早侏罗世晚期属于暖温带—亚热带气候区,气候较热或短期有一定程度的偏干旱;其气温较早侏罗世早期和中侏罗世早期更高,说明早侏罗世晚期发生过1次升温气候事件。对早、中侏罗世植物群和沉积特征的综合分析表明,中国在早侏罗世晚期可划分出黑龙江东部温凉气候区、北方暖温带温暖潮湿气候区、中部热带—亚热带半干旱—半潮湿气候区、中南热带—亚热带干旱气候区和西藏—滇西热带干旱气候区共5个气候区,其中北方暖温带温暖潮湿气候区与中部热带—亚热带半干旱—半潮湿气候区的界线较早侏罗世早期和中侏罗世早期偏北4°～8°(纬度),亦说明早侏罗世晚期发生了升温事件。此升温事件与中亚和西伯利亚的图阿尔期升温事件相当,其很可能是早侏罗世晚期图阿尔期大洋缺氧事件(T-OAE)在陆地生态系统中的响应。     

郑和下西洋与15世纪前后中西海洋文化价值取向比较

郑和作为 15世纪世界航海事业的启幕人 ,其航海壮举标志着中国海洋文化发展到中国历史的一个颠峰。之后 ,西方海洋文化的发展 ,成为欧洲资本主义工业化的历史前奏。中国海洋文化的衰弱 ,为近代中国历史定势埋下伏笔。 15世纪前后 ,中西海洋文化的生存价值取向、经济价值取向和人文价值取向具有不同的特征 ,这使得一直雄踞人类海洋文化前列的中国海洋文化 ,最后被西方海洋文化取代。     

Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and assemblage composition across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval at Clot Chevalier (Vocontian Basin,SE France)

The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval is generally considered a critical time for planktonic foraminifera due to the environmental perturbations associated with Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. However, only the rotaliporids became extinct at the onset of the event, whilst several lineages evolved and/or diversified. This remarkable morphologic plasticity is often overlooked in the literature, partly because a number of stratigraphic sections have only been studied in thin-section due to the degree of lithification of the samples. Improved documentation of the morphological variability of planktonic foraminifera and better defined species concepts are required in order to improve biostratigraphy, particularly as Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica is an unreliable marker for the base of the Turonian. At the same time, detailed study of the planktonic foraminiferal response to OAE 2 demands a more profound knowledge of the assemblage composition.We present new biostratigraphic, taxonomic, and quantitative data for planktonic foraminiferal species from the Clot Chevalier section (Vocontian Basin, SE France), with the aim of (1) providing a detailed biostratigraphic analysis of the section, (2) documenting the morphological plasticity of specimens in this time interval and stabilizing species concepts, and (3) identifying promising markers to improve the resolution of the present biozonation and allow regional correlation. Samples were processed with acetic acid to extract isolated planktonic foraminifera. Assemblages were assigned to the upper Cenomanian Rotalipora cushmani Zone and to the uppermost Cenomanian–lowermost Turonian Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone. Planktonic foraminiferal bioevents and assemblage composition identified at Clot Chevalier are compared with the well-studied Pont d'Issole section located ca. 15 km to the NE, highlighting similarities and differences in the species occurrences that may complicate the stratigraphic correlation between the two sections.The results of our study support the validity and common occurrence of species that have been misidentified and/or overlooked in the literature (i.e., Dicarinella roddai, Praeglobotruncana oraviensis, Marginotruncana caronae) and indicate that primitive marginotruncanids evolved before the onset of OAE 2, although species diversification occurred only after the event. Moreover, we believe that the first appearance of P. oraviensis might represent a promising bioevent for approximating the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, after calibration with bio- and chemostratigraphically well-constrained sections. Finally, we describe three new trochospiral species, named “Pseudoclavihedbergella” chevaliensis, Praeglobotruncana pseudoalgeriana and Praeglobotruncana clotensis.     

Tectonic analysis and paleo-stress determination of the upper lava section at ODP/IODP site 1256 (East Pacific Ocean)

Research on the deep sea is of great importance for a better understanding of the mechanism of magma emplacement and the tectonic evolution of oceanic crust. However, details of the internal structure in the upper levels of the oceanic crust are much less complete than that of the more fully studied sub-aerial areas. For the first time, this study proposes a dynamic analysis using the inversion method on core data derived from the drilled basement of the present-day intact oceanic crust at ODP/IODP Site 1256 in the Cocos plate. The research is based on an innovative core reorientation process and combines different stress hypothesis approaches for the analysis of heterogeneous failure-slip data via exploitation of two distinct techniques. From the analysis of the failure-slip data, both techniques produce 5 distinct subsystem datasets. All calculated subsystems are mechanically and geometrically admissible. Interpretation of the results allows the researchers to note a complex local and regional tectonic evolution deriving from the interplay of (1) the ridge push and rotation of both the East Pacific Rise and the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center, (2) the effect of the slab pull of the Middle America Trench, (3) the influence of lava emplacement mechanisms, and (4) intra-plate deformation.     

西昆仑西北缘大洋斜长花岗岩带的岩石地球化学特征、成因及其构造环境

大洋斜长花岗岩一般作为蛇绿岩的组成部分,发育规模往往较小,目前世界上不与蛇绿岩共生或有成因关系的斜长花岗岩实例较少,关于不发育蛇绿岩的大规模大洋斜长花岗岩的报道更是少见。本文通过岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石UPb定年和Hf同位素研究,论证西昆仑造山带西北缘发育着大规模由英云闪长岩、石英闪长岩和奥长花岗岩组成的大洋斜长花岗岩带。以该斜长花岗带中奥依塔克岩体和萨罗依岩体为研究对象,测得其锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为322.8±2.2Ma、319.0±1.7Ma,锆石均具较高的正εHf(t)值(11.06~16.93),模式年龄为320~540Ma(平均值为396.1Ma),大于其形成年龄。岩石具低的Al2O3、高Ca O和Mg O含量,强烈的富钠贫钾,稀土元素总量较低,LREE稍亏损或平坦型配分型式,通过与世界典型大洋斜长花岗岩的对比,该斜长花岗岩带属于典型大洋斜长花岗岩,但相对具负Eu异常,富集K、Rb,亏损Nb、Ta元素。对该大规模斜长花岗岩的成因研究进行了探索,认为该斜长花岗岩带不是传统的玄武质岩浆结晶分异成因,而是在低压(0.1GPa)低温(737~781℃)条件下镁铁质洋壳发生部分熔融的产物,残留相为斜长石+角闪石±斜方辉石±钛铁矿(无石榴石)。结合区域资料,西昆仑西北缘斜长花岗岩带是在晚石炭世弧后盆地的伸展裂解环境下以乌鲁阿特组(玄武岩夹沉积岩)为代表的早石炭世新生镁铁质洋壳部分熔融所形成的产物。     

Crustal structure of the deepwater west Niger Delta passive margin from the interpretation of seismic reflection data

The interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data complemented with gravity data allows the crustal architecture of the deepwater west Niger Delta passive margin to be defined. The data show that the area is underlain by oceanic crust that is characterised by a thickness of 5–7 km and by internal reflectivity consisting of both dipping and sub-horizontal reflectors. Some of the dipping reflections can be traced up to the top of the basement where they offset it across a series of minor to major thrust faults. Other internal reflections are attributed to extensional shear zones and possibly due to intrusions in the lower crust. The Moho can be correlated as a discrete reflection over >70% of the study area. It is generally smooth, but localised relief of up to 1 km is observed. The southeastern part of the study area is dominated by a zone of SW–NE striking basement thrusts.     

Photosynthetic community responses to upwelling in mesoscale eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

In this paper we summarise the photo-physiological responses of phytoplankton to upwelling of macronutrients in mesoscale eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic (EDDIES project, Sargasso Sea) and subtropical North Pacific (E-FLUX project, Hawaii). The observations, obtained on two sets of cruises over 2 years, occupied six cyclonic eddies and two mode-water eddies. The photosynthetic physiological parameters were measured using a bench-top fluorescence induction and relaxation (FIRe) system and a submersible in situ fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF) deployed on an undulating towed vehicle. Both of these instruments were used to provide highly sensitive and well-resolved data on community responses. The responses are dependent on both the type of eddy and its stage of development. Our results indicate that, while cyclonic eddies in the Atlantic and Pacific can increase primary photosynthetic production early in their development, mode-water eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic can support patchy blooms of large diatoms for long periods of time (more than 3 months).     

海洋电子政务数字认证框架研究

纵观海洋信息化的发展,海洋电子政务的建设将成为今后一个时期海洋信息化工作的重点。本文根据海洋信息化建设的要求,在国家电子政务PKI体系总体框架下,详细论述了PKI体系的密码体制、可认证性及其基本组成。通过对现有PKI体系信任模型的分析,结合我国海洋管理的模式和应用需求,指出了海洋电子政务PKI体系最简单最理想的信任模型是采用严格层次结构。介绍了海洋数字认证机构设立的形式,指出建立中国海洋数字认证中心是建立海洋电予政务PKI体系的核心,是实现海洋电子政务的基础,是国家电子政务PKI体系的重要组成部分。