初轨计算中角资料观测误差传播的一些讨论

用非线性规划方法处理初轨计算问题,将观测误差看成参量的微小扰动量。在无摄情况下,建立了非线性规划中的灵敏度分析模型（ｆｈｐ）。由此推导,在无摄情况下关于角资料观测误差对角资料观测真值的影响的误差传播分析公式（一阶近似）。     

新建喀什地磁台观测环境的初步分析

对喀什地磁新台址地质条件、磁场梯度分布和背景噪声等技术条件,以及观测数据精度进行了分析.分析结果表明,喀什地磁台的台址背景环境、场地环境以及局部观测环境,符合国家地磁台建设规范的要求,同时也满足现代数字化地磁观测技术的需求.     

重庆市GPS监测网

介绍了重庆市GPS监测网的建设。①由12个GPS观测站同“中国地壳运动观测网络”相联的重庆市GPS监测网,构成了一个覆盖全重庆市的高精度、高时空分辨率、准动态的三维地壳运动观测网。②重庆市GPS监测网观测资料,利用GAMIT／GLOBK9．93（Linux）软件进行数据处理,采用松弛解处理模式和精密星历,并利用IGS跟踪站进行约束。③GPS观测资料经整体平差后,基线长度中误差小于4mm,基线相对中误差为10^-9量级。     

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区微气候特征的观测研究

对祁连山海北高寒草甸地区近夏至日微气象观测分析表明：（１）１４：００（北京时,下同）太阳总辐射瞬时值最高可达１０６１Ｗ．ｍ＾－２,净辐射、反射辐射、光合有效辐射和紫外辐射分别为６７０、２１８、３８０和１６８Ｗ．ｍ＾－２,分别约为在太阳总辐射的５８％、２０％、３６％和１４％,６月下旬日平均反射率约为０．２２;（２）土壤热通量、感热通量和潜热通量瞬时值最大分别为９１、２７４和３６２Ｗ．ｍ＾－２,相应占     

地震与地震前兆数字化观测基础

本文介绍了数字观测中的模数转换、采样、量化和传输的基本原理并以地形变数字观测为例介绍了采样定理的应用     

高层建筑施工中沉降观测的质量控制要点

本文阐述了某高层建筑施工中沉降观测的具体做法,总结了技术要点,探讨沉降观测在高层建筑建设过程中的质量控制。     

A European perspective on Digital Earth

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth (DE), identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE). The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe (Europe 2020, Innovation Union and Digital Agenda) and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective: (1) integrating scientific research into DE; (2) exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing; and (3) governance, including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives. The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth, Australia, in August 2011. The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe.     

Rapid,high-resolution detection of environmental change over continental scales from satellite data – the Earth Observation Data Cube

The effort and cost required to convert satellite Earth Observation (EO) data into meaningful geophysical variables has prevented the systematic analysis of all available observations. To overcome these problems, we utilise an integrated High Performance Computing and Data environment to rapidly process, restructure and analyse the Australian Landsat data archive. In this approach, the EO data are assigned to a common grid framework that spans the full geospatial and temporal extent of the observations – the EO Data Cube. This approach is pixel-based and incorporates geometric and spectral calibration and quality assurance of each Earth surface reflectance measurement. We demonstrate the utility of the approach with rapid time-series mapping of surface water across the entire Australian continent using 27 years of continuous, 25?m resolution observations. Our preliminary analysis of the Landsat archive shows how the EO Data Cube can effectively liberate high-resolution EO data from their complex sensor-specific data structures and revolutionise our ability to measure environmental change.     

小型水体对气温观测环境影响的初步模拟分析

为研究水体对气温观测环境的影响,应用WRF中尺度模式,通过对四季晴天小风、阴天大风背景天气下有无水体算例模拟结果的比较,分析了浙江青山湖水体(6.5 km2)对周边2 m高度处气温的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)冬季天气条件通常较稳定,水体对下风方的影响最为明显;春、秋季节水体对下风方的影响次之,夏季局地热力环流复杂,水体对下风方气温影响不若其他季节明显。(2)青山湖水体对下风方约5 km内的气温可能产生明显影响,非下风方缩短为0.4 km。(3)水体面积越大,对周边气温影响距离越大。(4)当风速大于6.2 m·s-1时,水陆热力性质差异迅速被平流项输送携带走,水体对下风方气温影响不明显。而湍流扩散项则将水体与陆面热力性质的差异向上传递,湍流强度大于0.5 m2·s-2时,水体对下风方气温的影响不明显。     

利用多普勒天气雷达探测强对流天气过程初探

介绍了使用多普勒天气雷达对3月20日强对流天气过程进行连续监测的情况,并对使用多普勒天气雷达产品的过程和体会加以总结,以便为以后使用该雷达探测灾害性天气提供相关参考。