Paleomagnetic Polarity Research of Paleobiology Boundary (Bed 27) of Meishan, Changxing, Zhejiang Province

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扬子地块奥陶系碳酸盐岩重磁化机制探讨

碳酸盐岩是记录古地磁场信息的重要载体,然而,广泛存在的重磁化现象制约了碳酸盐岩在古地磁研究中的应用,其重磁化机制亟待解决.本文对采自贵州羊蹬地区的319块奥陶系碳酸盐岩定向样品作了详细的古地磁学和岩石磁学研究,其结果表明,94%样品(A类)记录了单一剩磁分量A,其解阻温度低于450℃;在地理坐标系下的平均方向为Dg/Ig=3.1°/48.1°(α95=2.9°),对应的古地磁极(87.0°N,2.8°E,A95=3.0°)与扬子地块古近纪-第四纪的古地磁极重合.6%样品(B类)记录了两个磁化分量,其高温分量(450℃~585℃)与A分量显著不同,但明显远离扬子块体早古生代古地磁极;低温分量(< 450℃)与A分量类似.说明羊蹬剖面奥陶系碳酸盐岩记录了两期重磁化.A分量和B低温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿),B高温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.这些磁性矿物都是成岩后的次生矿物.其中,解阻温度高于450℃的磁铁矿可能受晚燕山期造山运动影响生成;磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿)等矿物可能与印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞引起的喜马拉雅造山运动所产生的流体作用有关,以后一期重磁化为主.新生代早期青藏高原隆升产生的流体在流经东南缘的碳酸盐岩等沉积岩层时,与原岩发生相互作用,使磁黄铁矿、胶黄铁矿、磁铁矿等磁性矿物生长并获得化学剩磁,造成了广泛重磁化.     

剩磁条件下磁性体磁化方向相关估计方法

针对强剩磁条件下磁化方向估计中存在的问题,提出在剩磁影响下磁性体磁化方向相关估计方法。首先,对磁倾角和磁偏角选取确定的参数范围,并以等间隔的步长进行递变,获得一系列的磁化方向数值;然后,根据不同的磁化方向对铁磁物质的实测磁总场异常数值进行化极处理;最后,求解磁总场化极数据与实测归一化磁源强度数据的互相关系数,取互相关最大值对应的磁化方向作为最终结果。仿真和实验结果表明,本方法能有效估计出近等轴状磁性体的总磁化方向。     

河西走廊早新生代红层次生剩磁及其对原生剩磁影响评价

系统研究了河西走廊火烧沟组陆相红层200个采点岩石的热退磁行为和17个代表性样品的岩石磁学特征,结果表明有102个采点可以分离出A、B、C三个剩磁分量,有82个采点只有一个分量(C分量),16个采点只能分离出A、B分量.A、B分量分别由针铁矿和磁赤铁矿携带,C分量在砂岩中由磁铁矿携带,在泥质砂岩和泥岩中由磁铁矿和赤铁矿共同携带.A、B分量剩磁方向随机分布,不能获得置信水平的古地磁平均方向,为次生剩磁.它们的存在并不影响岩石原生剩磁的分离,也不影响原生剩磁信号的稳定性和获得的古地磁数据的可靠性.16个砂岩采点中不能分离出C分量,是由于后生的赤铁矿彻底改变了由磁铁矿携带的原生剩磁组分,在高密度采样的情况下剔除这些采点并不影响古地磁极性柱的构建和解释.     

大倾斜面阵CCD图像的几何校正

讨论了大倾斜面阵ＣＣＤ 图像的几何校正问题, 重点研究了大倾斜面阵ＣＣＤ 图像外方位元素的确定方法, 理论和实验表明： 文中提出的大倾斜面阵ＣＣＤ 图像的几何校正方法是正确的。     

一种大规模倾斜摄影模型三维可视化方案

提出了一种基于四叉树结构的大规模倾斜摄影模型三维可视化方案：首先采用二次误差测度（QEM）的半边折叠算法对三角网格模型进行分层几何简化;然后对分层简化的模型进行纹理映射和分块,分块结果采用Morton编码命名;最后将场景按金字塔结构进行LOD（多细节层次结构）组织。选取某一试验区域的真实倾斜模型数据进行了试验,结果表明,该方案能依据模型在计算机屏幕上所占的像素大小,动态加载倾斜模型数据,完成大规模场景的实时可视化。     

Structure and evolution of an obliquely sheared continental margin: Rio Muni, West Africa

Oblique-shear margins are divergent continental terrains whose breakup and early drift evolution are characterized by significant obliquity in the plate divergence vector relative to the strike of the margin. We focus on the Rio Muni margin, equatorial West Africa, where the ca. 70-km-wide Ascension Fracture Zone (AFZ) exhibits oblique–slip faulting and synrift half-graben formation that accommodated oblique extension during the period leading up to and immediately following whole lithosphere failure and continental breakup (ca. 117 Ma). Oblique extension is recorded also by strike–slip and oblique–slip fault geometry within the AFZ, and buckling of Aptian synrift rocks in response to block rotation and local transpression. Rio Muni shares basic characteristics of both rifted and transform margins, the end members of a spectrum of continental margin kinematics. At transform margins, continental breakup and the onset of oceanic spreading (drifting) are separate episodes recorded by discrete breakup and drift unconformities. Oceanic opening will proceed immediately following breakup on a rifted margin, whereas transform and oblique-shear margins may experience several tens of millennia between breakup and drift. Noncoeval breakup and drift have important consequences for the fit of the equatorial South American and African margins because, in reconstructing the configuration of conjugate continental margins at the time of their breakup, it cannot be assumed that highly segmented margins like the South Atlantic will match each other at their ocean–continent boundaries (OCBs). Well known ‘misfits’ in reconstructions of South Atlantic continental margins may be accounted for by differential timing of breakup and drifting between oblique-shear margins and their adjacent rifted segments.     

等温剩磁获得曲线的累积对数高斯模型在泥河湾盆地磁组分识别中的运用

基于饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)获得曲线遵循累积对数高斯模型(CLG)的假设，利用改进的CLG模型分析，成功地对采自泥河湾河—湖相层上部的许家窑剖面样品所含的主要载磁组分进行了分离；结合先前的岩石磁学结果，进一步验证了高矫顽力的赤铁矿和低矫顽力的磁铁矿／磁赤铁矿为许家窑样品的主要载磁矿物，并对各磁组分对SIRM的贡献进行了定量估算；对CLG模型的优缺点和实用性进行了探讨；结合剩磁矫顽力曲线特征，尝试提出了X参数的概念。