Using in situ hyperspectral reflectance data to distinguish nine aquatic plant species

In situ hyperspectral reflectance data were studied at 50 bands (10 nm bandwidth) over the 400–900 nm spectral range to determine their potential for distinguishing among nine aquatic plant species: American lotus [Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.], American pondweed (Potamogeton nodusus Poir.), giant duckweed [Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid.], Mexican waterlily (Nymphaea mexicana Zucc.), white waterlily (Nymphaea odorata Aiton), spatterdock [Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.], giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell), waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] and waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). The species were studied on three dates: 30 May, 1 July and 3 August 2009. All nine species were studied in July and August, while only eight species were studied in May; giant duckweed was not studied in May due to insufficient availability. Two procedures were used to determine the optimum bands for discriminating among species: multiple comparison range tests and stepwise discriminant analysis. Multiple comparison range tests results for May showed that most separations among species occurred at bands 795–865 nm in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region where up to six species could be distinguished. For July, few species could be distinguished amongthe 50 bands; most separations occurred at the 715 nm red-NIR edge band where four species could be differentiated. The optimum bands in August occurred in the green (525–595 nm), red (605–635 nm) and red-NIR edge (695–705 nm) spectral regions where up to six species could be distinguished. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified 11 bands in the blue, green, red-NIR edge and NIR spectral regions to be significant to discriminate among the eight species in May. For July and August, stepwise discriminant analysis identified 15bands and 13 bands, respectively, from the blue to NIR regions to be significant for discriminating among the nine species.     

高光谱图像目标检测的核信号空间正交投影法

针对非线性混合下的亚像元目标检测问题, 提出一种基于核函数的信号空间正交投影方法(KSSP)。该方法作为信号空间正交投影方法(SSP)的非线性推广, 首先将原空间中像元矢量经非线性映射转换到高维特征空间,然后在特征空间中用线性信号空间正交投影进行目标检测。通过核技巧, 核信号空间正交投影不必知道具体的非线性映射形式。经模拟数据与真实高光谱图像数据实验证明, KSSP 方法在目标检测性能上优于SSP, 且对噪声的抑制也有很好的效果。     

一种基于B/S结构的签字实现方案

一个成功的签字软件需解决好4个关键技术问题：(1)如何传输和管理要签字的文件；(2)如何存放签字内容；(3)如何保证多个人按签字顺序进行签字；(4)如何保证签字申请和签字内容不被冒充、篡改和抵赖。在分析以上4个关键技术问题的基础上提出了一种基于B／S结构的签字实现方案，可大大提高签字效率、方便日常工作，也便于主管部门对各分部门的监督考核。     

A field‐based investigation to examine underwater soundscapes of five common river habitats

Aquatic river habitat types have been characterized and classified for over five decades based on hydrogeomorphic and ecological variables. However, few studies considered the generation of underwater sound as a unique property of aquatic habitats, and therefore as a potential information source for freshwater organisms. In this study, five common habitat types along 12 rivers in Switzerland (six replicates per habitat type) were acoustically compared. Acoustic signals were recorded by submerging two parallel hydrophones and were analysed by calculating the energetic mean as well as the temporal variance of ten octave bands (31·5 Hz–16 kHz). Concurrently, each habitat type was characterized by hydraulic and geomorphic variables, respectively. The average relative roughness, velocity‐to‐depth ratio, and Froude number explained most of the variance of the acoustic signals created in different habitat types. The average relative roughness predominantly affected middle frequencies (63 Hz–1 kHz), while streambed sediment transport increased high‐frequency sound pressure levels (2–16 kHz) as well as the temporal variability of the recorded signal. Each aquatic habitat type exhibited a distinct acoustic signature or soundscape. These soundscapes may be a crucial information source for many freshwater organisms about their riverine environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南秦岭印支期花岗岩带的“地幔印记”

南秦岭印支期花岗岩带的岩石组合包括闪长岩、二长闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩等,岩体内广泛存在镁铁质微粒包体和脉体。大量(超过50%)样品具有高Mg#(<0.76),高Cr(>100×10-6,最高为1600×10-6)、Sr(>500×10-6)、Ba(>1000×10-6)的"地幔印记(mantle signature)"。含石榴石基性岩部分重熔模型可以解释部分样品的高LREE、低HREE和高Sr低Y特征,但无法合理解释"地幔印记"的存在。简单的地幔上涌、减压熔融模型虽然可以产生幔源岩浆并解释基性-酸性岩浆混合现象,但与具"地幔印记"样品的Sr、Nd同位素富集(ISr=0.7054～0.7085;εNd(t)=-1.52～-9.17)和区域地质特征相矛盾。具"地幔印记"样品与高Mg埃达克岩和太古宙sanukitoid岩系的相似性表明它们可以由含水富集地幔的直接熔融形成。     

海门一次F1级龙卷的多普勒天气雷达特征分析

用多普勒天气雷达、常规观测和地面加密观测资料对2011年7月13日发生在江苏南通海门市树勋镇的龙卷风过程进行了详细分析。得出:较长时间的不稳定层结的存在,较低的抬升凝结高度,较强的水平和垂直风切变以及地面干线的存在为龙卷风的发生发展提供很好的动力条件;底层冷空气的切入,较强的风切变易使单体发展更加旺盛。强回波中心高度和垂直积分液态含水量的下降,径向速度风场中气旋性涡旋的迅速发展是对龙卷风提前警戒的很好指标。龙卷风进行过程中,此系统为低位质心的对流系统,产生的天气是龙卷,伴随大风,与冰雹的高位质心对流系统有明显的区别。中气旋高度,最大切变高度的骤降,中气旋尺度的急剧收缩预示着龙卷的发生,为我们今后的龙卷风预警提供有利的参考。     

不同测站卫星质心不同改正对卫星激光测距定轨精度的影响分析

质心改正是利用卫星激光测距资料进行精密定轨过程中必须修正的一项系统偏差,数值模拟和理论分析均已显示,由于卫星形状效应,质心改正存在对测站系统运行模式的依赖性,即不同测站对卫星质心的改正是不同的。本文首次分析了这种依赖性对卫星定轨精度的影响。长时间序列的统计结果表明,与全球统一测站卫星质心改正相比,采用不同测站卫星质心不同改正系统性地提高了短弧定轨精度。对Lageos-1/2,平均提高约0.4毫米;对Etalon-1/2,平均提高约0.6毫米。在各种相关应用对卫星激光测距数据处理精度要求迈向毫米级的今天,有必要考虑不同测站卫星质心不同改正。     

Geochemical signatures of Variscan eclogites from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, central Europe

From the abundant metre to km-sized eclogite bodies in the Variscan crystalline complex of the Saxonian Erzgebirge we have investigated 19 samples from the ultrahigh pressure area at the Saidenbach reservoir. Twenty-two samples were from the south-western Erzgebirge, and from occurrences located only some km away from the reservoir. These samples were analysed for major and trace elements using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The non-Saidenbach eclogites (SiO₂=49–53 wt%) can be derived from N-mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) partially transitional to P-MORBs (e.g., (Nb)_N: 3–36; (Sr)_N: 4–17; (La/Sm)_N<1.5 (in most instances <0.7) and (Sm/Yb)_N around 1.2). Eclogites from the Saidenbach reservoir (SiO₂=49–61 wt%) are characterised by (Nb)_N: 20–170; (Sr)_N: 9–43; (La/Sm)_N: 1.2–3.0; (Sm/Yb)_N: 1.4–8.8, and a clear negative Eu anomaly for the Si-rich samples, thus, being significantly different from the other investigated eclogites. These signatures point to protoliths related to within plate igneous rocks. However, we also discuss the possibilities of (1) protoliths related to a magmatic arc along an active continental margin and (2) the formation by melting of crustal material in the deep mantle and final crystallisation in the lowermost continental crust similar to the adjacent diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks.Due to the specific geochemical signatures of eclogites in the Saidenbach area including other facts, this ultrahigh pressure region is believed to represent a section of lowermost crust not outcropping in other portions of the Saxonian Erzgebirge.     

武威药王泉地热田水文地质条件及水化学特征

武威药王泉地热田含水层为加里东晚期花岗岩 ,水量丰富 ,单井出水量 738～ 96 7m3 /d。钻孔孔深 80m处温度为 59 0℃ ,井水抽出孔口温度为 54 5～ 56 0℃。地温梯度为 8 5℃ / 10 0m。热储埋藏深度为 2 4 50～ 3180m。水质类型为Cl--SO42 --Na+型。热矿水含多种对人体有益元素 ,具有极高的医疗价值。     

甘肃省的三叠系

根据地层区划分原则,将省内三叠系划分为海、陆2个地层区和6个地层小区,阐述了各地层区特征,对顶、底界及统界进行了合理划分并提出了一些新的划分意见,对个别地层时代,据新资料进行了修改、厘定;建立了地层系统和地层层序,统一了地层单位和名称,选出代表性剖面,系统论述了岩性、岩相、厚度、古生物组合、接触关系及合矿性等特征;首次将三叠纪划分为海、陆两大生物区系,南部海相区,早、中三叠世主要属特提斯型生物区系,混有少量北方及环太平洋区系分子,北部陆相区的三叠纪及南部的南祁连小区和西秦岭小区的晚三叠世主要属北方型植物区系,仅西秦岭小区属不典型的南方型植物区系,两区间为混合型植物区系;按海、陆相各世分别总结了各门类古生物组合特征及与国内、外进行了对比;按海、陆相三叠系分别与国内、外有关地层进行了概略对比;按世分别编制了岩相古地理略图,并探讨了各地层小区内岩相古地理及古气候特征;概述了三叠纪沉积矿产煤、石油及层控矿产汞、锑等13种矿产的分布、含矿岩系及储存层位等特征。