A Case Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Soil Moisture on Mesoscale Boundary-Layer Structure in the Southern Great Plains, U.S.A. Part II: Mesoscale Modelling

The importance of soil moisture inputs and improved model physics in the prediction of the daytime boundary-layer structure during the Southern Great Plains Hydrology Experiment 1997 (SGP97) is investigated using the non-hydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) Mesoscale Model MM5. This is Part II of a two-part study examining the relationship of surface heterogeneity to observed boundary-layer structure. Part I focuses on observations and utilizes a simple model while Part II uses observations and MM5 modelling. Soil moisture inputs tested include a lookup table based on soil type and season, output from an offline land-surface model (LSM) forced by atmospheric observations, and high-resolution ( 800 m) airborne microwave remotely sensed data. Model physics improvements are investigated by comparing an LSM directly coupled with the MM5 to a simpler force-restore method at the surface. The scale of land surface heterogeneities is compared to the scale of their effects on boundary-layer structure.The use of more detailed soil moisture fields allowed the MM5 to better represent the large-scale (hundreds of km) and small-scale (tens of km) horizontal gradients in surface-layer weather and, to a lesser degree, the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) height, which was evaluated against observations measured by differential absorption lidar (DIAL). The benefits of coupling an LSM to the MM5 were not readily evident in this summertime case, with the model having particular difficulty simulating the timing of maximum surface fluxes while underestimating the depth of the mixed layer.     

基于独立分量分析的多次波自适应相减技术

针对多次波自适应相减这个关键问题,文中首次提出利用独立分量分析技术来实现多次波和一次波的分离（简称ICAAMS）. 现有的多次波自适应相减技术大都是采用输出信号（一次波）能量最小准则,基于二阶统计量的技术. 本文提出的ICAAMS采用了输出信号非高斯性最大准则,并利用高阶统计量来表征非高斯性. 简单的褶积模型和复杂的有限差分模型资料处理结果表明, 本文提出的方法可以有效地分离一次波和多次波.     

宁镇中段铜山—石砀山地区综合物探找矿评价

铜山—石砀山铜钼矿位于江苏宁镇山脉中段龙潭—仓头背斜南翼,矿体主体受接触带构造控制。以往地质工作缺少深部研究,对物化探异常再解释工作不够,物探方法找矿专属性研究不细致,综合研究程度较浅。综合分析铜山—石砀山地区地质、物性资料,采用1∶2 000高精度磁法测量、可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面等物探技术,圈定地磁异常8个（C1—C8）,推断由2个磁性地质体、8个矽卡岩体引起。择优对C2异常进行了钻探验证。研究认为该区可控源音频大地电磁测深高低阻过渡带部位的磁异常具有重要的找矿意义,即该区中酸性岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带部位具有含铜钼磁铁矿形成的有利地质条件。对比分析研究区及周边找矿信息,认为铜山—石砀山地区找矿深部有潜力,外围有远景。     

共转换点道集的抽取与转换波时变静校正

纵横波速度比固定时,同一地震道中各时间采样点对应不同的转换点位置,因此,常规的整体抽道方法只能抽取特定深度或特定层位条件下的共转换点道集,它不能保证所有P-SV转换波的反射点位置都在同一水平位置处。提出了一种精确抽取共转换点道集的新方法,运用这种方法抽取的共转换点道集中所有数据对应的转换点在地面的投影都对应于同一位置,因此,该道集是一种真正意义上的共转换点道集,在此基础上提出了一种解决短波长问题的转换波时变静校正方法,实际资料处理取得了好的效果。     

空地异常组合特征分析与找矿

根据航空物探资料及地面查证（包括地质观察、地面磁法、电法、化探等）资料,探讨了空地异常组合特征与铁及多金属矿产的关系。在综合分析的基础上,初步建立了利用空地异常组合特征寻找铁及多金属矿的分析方法,对于今后利用空地综合方法确定找矿目标具有一定的指导意义。     

深部探测揭示壳幔结构及其资源能源效应——“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑特邀主编寄语

地球深部结构变化、物质以及能量交换等地球动力学过程,是地球系统最主要的动力来源,诱发地表地貌变化、剥蚀、沉积作用和环境变迁,以及地震、滑坡等自然灾害,控制化石能源和地热等自然资源的分布,是理解成山、成盆、成岩、成矿、成藏和致灾等过程成因机制的核心。为探索中国大陆深部结构和资源能源效应,在党中央“向地球深部进军”的号召下,中国地质调查局于2016年开始设立了深部地质调查工程。工程以抢占大陆基础地质研究国际制高点,引领深部地质研究前沿为宗旨,选择我国资源、能源重要基地,重大地质边界和关键构造单元,开展了地球物理为主的深部探测和综合研究。获取了华南陆块等重要地质单元岩石圈精细结构,研究了班公湖—怒江缝合带重大地质边界性质及空间展布,在松辽盆地、西北盆山结合带等地发现和提取了一批与深部成矿、成藏和清洁能源有关信息。为进一步推动地质调查向深部进军,促进从二维地表地质调查到三维空间地质调查的转变,《地球学报》组织了“中国大陆典型地区深部地质调查”专辑。本专辑集中报道了深部地质调查近三年取得的部分阶段性进展和成果,主要聚焦深部地质调查在揭示地球深部结构,及其对浅部构造和资源能源的控制,服务地球深部探...     

Groundwater targeting in a hard-rock terrain using fracture-pattern modeling, Niva River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

In hard-rock terrain, due to the lack of primary porosity in the bedrock, joints, fault zones, and weathered zones are the sources for groundwater occurrence and movement. To study the groundwater potential in the hard-rock terrain and drought-prone area in the Niva River basin, southern Andhra Pradesh state, India, Landsat 5 photographic data were used to prepare an integrated hydrogeomorphology map. Larsson's integrated deformation model was applied to identify the various fracture systems, to pinpoint those younger tensile fracture sets that are the main groundwater reservoirs, and to understand the importance of fracture density in groundwater prospecting. N35°–55°E fractures were identified as tensile and N35°–55°W fractures as both tensile and shear in the study area. Apparently, these fractures are the youngest open fractures. Wherever N35°–55°E and N35°–55°W fracture densities are high, weathered-zone thickness is greater, water-table fluctuations are small, and well yields are high. Groundwater-potential zones were delineated and classified as very good, good to very good, moderate to good, and poor. Electronic Publication     

甘南某金矿地球物理探测与冒顶事故分析

甘南某金矿3号矿体采用空场法开采,于2006年12月4日采场发生冒顶坍塌,造成矿山停产。为了恢复矿山生产和今后矿山生产安全,需要进行采场坍塌原因分析,了解采场塌埋填实情况,以便采取相应安全措施,保证采矿安全。为此,首先根据3号矿体的地质、采矿条件,分析了采场坍塌原因及其主要影响因素。在此基础上,采用地球物理勘探技术,进行了采场空区的电磁法探测,由此揭示了采场的空区填埋情况。同时,圈定了深部矿床的异常区,不仅为矿区恢复生产提供了重要设计依据,而且为矿山深部资源开发提供了重要的参考价值。     

月面形貌的3维可视化算法

基于大范围地形可视化算法研究的基础上,对平面geometry clipmaps算法进行改进,利用GPU的顶点着色器实现平面地形向球面地形的投影变换,并综合利用球面视域裁剪、球面视点控制等技术,使geometry clipmaps算法适用于球面海量地形数据的3维可视化;收集处理月球全球影像和形貌高程数据,对算法进行验证,实现月球表面形貌的实时动态3维可视化.试验表明:绘制算法可不受数据量大小的限制、绘制效率高、效果逼真,但存在两极变形较大的缺点.

Abstract：

Based on the study of visualization arithmetic of large area terrain, plane geometry clipmaps algorithm is improved. Projection transformation from plane landform to sphere landform was realized by using GPU vertex shader. In that improved algorithm, methods such as sphere vision field culling and sphere viewpoint control are used.That makes geometry clipmops algorithm more effective in 3D visualization of massive sphere terrain data. The whole moon image and DEM data are collected and disposed, which are used to verify the capability of that algorithm, realizing dynamic and real time 3D visualization of moon surface. The experiments show that the graphic algorithm isn't limited by data quantity, which is of high efficiency and reality simulation, but the two-pole distortion is serious.     

2010-2011年鞍山市能见度特征

利用2010年6月至2011年5月鞍山大气成分观测站的能见度资料,统计分析能见度与PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0质量浓度、风速、降水强度和气溶胶光学厚度等气象要素的相关性。结果表明：鞍山市能见度月均值从8月份开始呈上升趋势,11月份达到峰值后开始显著下降,2月份达到最低值,自3月开始又出现较大幅度增长,进入夏季后略有下降;PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值与能见度呈反相关,能见度增大,PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值减小,且PM_1.0/PM₁₀的减小趋势更大,说明影响能见度的颗粒物以细粒子为主。平均风速与能见度变化趋势基本一致,与PM_2.5/PM₁₀、PM_1.0/PM₁₀的变化趋势呈反相关。随着雨强的增大,降水日能见度平均值随之减小,降水前一日和后一日的能见度平均值均大于降水日,且降水前一日及后一日的能见度改变量及改变率的绝对值随着降水强度的增加而增加。波长指数的变化说明影响鞍山能见度变化的污染物粒子整体较稳定,能见度与AOD成明显的反相关。