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深海二叠——三叠系界线研究现状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
综述了深海二叠(P)--三叠系(T)界线研究现状,介绍了深海P-T界线附近岩石地层,生物地层、缺氧事件及生物绝灭和复苏的研究进展,指出了深海P-T界线,缺氧事件和生物绝灭研究的分歧、不足及其症结。 相似文献
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玉米淀粉废水回收及处理研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用调节等电位点—超过滤组合技术对玉米淀粉废水的资源回收和处理进行研究,确定了最佳工艺参数。结果表明通过调节等电位点,可回收粗蛋白用作家禽饲料,同时废水中的CODcr、TSS和BOD5去除率分别可达48.8%、49.6%和27.2%以上,减轻了后续超过滤处理压力;通过超过滤进一步处理,出水COD、TSS和BOD去除率分别达91.3%、92.5%和95.1%。 相似文献
25.
女34断块水平井提高采收率开发实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
舍女寺油田女34断块是大港油区典型的低渗透块状砂岩断块油藏,由于储层严重的非均质性,注水开发见效快、水淹快,并且形成油藏次生底水,作为水平井技术改善低渗透油藏开发效果的先导试验区块,经过深入地质研究和可行性论证,又相继完钻2口水平井,同时进行注采井网调整,编制了水平井和直井采油、直井注水的混合外网调整方案,方案实施后,断块采油速度由0.6%提高到2.6%,采收率提高8个百分点,开发效果显改善,实践证明水半井技术是改善低渗透非均质断块油藏开发效果的有效手段之一。 相似文献
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Sustaining the human ecological benefits of surface water requires carefully planned strategies for reducing the cumulative
risks posed by diverse human activities. Municipal governments in Aksaray City play a key role in developing solutions to
surface water management and protection problems. The responsibility to provide drinking water and sewage works, regulate
the use of private land, and protect public health provides the mandate and authority to take action. A large part of Aksaray
City uses Mamasın dam water as its primary source for drinking water. Several point sources of contamination may result from
direct wastewater discharges from Melendiz and Karasu rivers, which recharge the Mamasın dam watershed. Relevant studies were
carried out for monitoring the eutrophication process, which usually occurs in the static water mass of the Mamasın dam lake.
This process may be caused by the continual increase in nutrients and decrease of O2 levels, causing anaerobic conditions. Stimulated algae growth in these water bodies consequently reduces water quality. Hydrochemical
parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts
on the Mamasın dam drinking water reservoir. 相似文献
28.
Geochemical and isotopic analyses of the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary deposits were conducted at the Caravaca section (External Subbetic, southeast of Spain) in order to evaluate the recovery of the macrobenthic tracemaker community and the bioturbational disturbance. Samples from the infilling material of several lower Danian dark-colored trace fossils (Chondrites, Planolites, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos) located in the uppermost 8-cm of the light upper Maastrichtian strata, as well as samples from the host sedimentary rock of these trace fossils, were analyzed and compared with data from the lower Danian deposits. The values of element ratios indicative of extraterrestrial contamination (Cr/Al, Co/Al and Ni/Al) are higher in the infilling trace fossil material than in the upper Maastrichtian and lower Danian deposits, which suggests a contribution of the ejecta layer. Regarding the isotope composition, the δ13C values are lower in the infilling material than in the Maastrichtian host sedimentary rocks surrounding the traces, while the δ18O are higher in the infilling material. The geochemical and isotopic compositions of the infilling material evidence the unconsolidated character of the sediment, including the red boundary layer. Softground conditions confirm a relatively rapid recovery by the macrobenthic tracemaker community, starting a few millimeters above the K/Pg boundary layer. The mixture of the infilling material of the trace fossils moreover reveals a significant macrobenthic tracemaker activity affecting K–Pg boundary transition sediments that may have significantly altered original signatures. 相似文献
29.
Methane hydrate (MH, also called fiery ice) exists in forms of pore filling, cementing and load-bearing skeleton in the methane hydrate bearing sediment (MHBS) and affects its mechanical behavior greatly. To study the changes of macro-scale and micro-scale mechanical behaviors of MHBS during exploitation by thermal recovery and depressurization methods, a novel 2D thermo-hydro-mechanical bonded contact model was proposed and implemented into a platform of distinct element method (DEM), PFC2D. MHBS samples were first biaxially compressed to different deviator stress levels to model different in-situ stress conditions. With the deviator stress maintained at constant, the temperature was then raised to simulate the thermal recovery process or the pore water pressure (i.e. confining pressure for MH bond) was decreased to simulate the depressurization process. DEM simulation results showed that: during exploitation, the axial strain increased with the increase of temperature (in the thermal recovery method) or decrease of pore water pressure (in the depressurization method); sample collapsed during MH dissociation if the deviator stress applied was larger than the compression strength of a pure host sand sample; sample experienced volume contraction but its void ratio was slightly larger than the pure host sand sample at the same axial strain throughout the test. By comparison with the laboratory test results, the new model was validated to be capable of reproducing the exploitation process by thermal recovery and depressurization methods. In addition, some micro-scale parameters, such as contact distribution, bond distribution, and averaged pure rotation rate, were also analyzed to investigate their relationships with the macroscopic responses. 相似文献
30.
The use of multiple partially penetrating wells (MPPW) during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in brackish aquifers can significantly improve the recovery efficiency (RE) of unmixed injected water. The water quality changes by reactive transport processes in a field MPPW-ASR system and their impact on RE were analyzed. The oxic freshwater injected in the deepest of four wells was continuously enriched with sodium (Na+) and other dominant cations from the brackish groundwater due to cation exchange by repeating cycles of ‘freshening’. During recovery periods, the breakthrough of Na+ was retarded in the deeper and central parts of the aquifer by ‘salinization’. Cation exchange can therefore either increase or decrease the RE of MPPW-ASR compared to the RE based on conservative Cl−, depending on the maximum limits set for Na+, the aquifer’s cation exchange capacity, and the native groundwater and injected water composition. Dissolution of Fe and Mn-containing carbonates was stimulated by acidifying oxidation reactions, involving adsorbed Fe2+ and Mn2+ and pyrite in the pyrite-rich deeper aquifer sections. Fe2+ and Mn2+ remained mobile in anoxic water upon approaching the recovery proximal zone, where Fe2+ precipitated via MnO2 reduction, resulting in a dominating Mn2+ contamination. Recovery of Mn2+ and Fe2+ was counteracted by frequent injections of oxygen-rich water via the recovering well to form Fe and Mn-precipitates and increase sorption. The MPPW-ASR strategy exposes a much larger part of the injected water to the deeper geochemical units first, which may therefore control the mobilization of undesired elements during MPPW-ASR, rather than the average geochemical composition of the target aquifer. 相似文献