THE CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF SLOPE NET RADIATION IN CHINA*

By using the climatological calculating method for each component of slope surface net radiation proposed by the authors,calculations and analyses are done of the distribution features of slope net radiation in China with emphasis on the discussion of variations of slope net radiation in typical stations and sites with slope direction,slope,latitude and season.The distribution features of net radiation on the north and south slopes are,for the first time,mapped and discussed,revealing the great difference on the national basis,and thus acquiringa new interesting result that the negative-value area of winter net radiation on the north slope(20°)can reach Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces and middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River.     

中国早震旦世至晚三叠世海陆变化的定量研究

在野外经常能看到一些具有“韵律”性的沉积。Ramsbottom(引自T.Neville George,1978)运用造海运动的观点对这一地质现象进行了成功的解释,因此这一学说引起了越来越多的地质工作者的重视。造海运动,也就是全球海平面的变化,在地质历史中,对沉积作用具有重要的影响。对造海运动的研究,无疑也会作为一种手段,更好地从事地层对比、古环境、古气候以及成矿时代等方面的研究。     

HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING OF ESTUARINE CIRCULATION USING A SPLINE METHOD OF FRACTIONAL STEPS

I. INTRODUCTIONNumerical models of estuaries incorporating simulation of the density induced circulation are consideredimPOrtant tools in the assessment of their dispersive characteristics. Most models to date have used finite difference approximations to the governing equations (see for example thericke and Hogan, 1977, Blumberg,1 977, Perrels and Karelse, 1978). A numeriCal model of estuarine circulation using a SADI (Spline Alternating Direction implicit) procedure together with a…     

细胞自动机的多重分形特征和动力学根源

用大量弹簧滑块组成的模型可以模拟地震的复杂性,本文以细胞自动机(CA)为数学工具,结合地震学和岩石力学的结果,考虑了能量的输入和损耗,进行了地震事件的数字模拟。对模型中输出的"地震"事件进行了时间和空间的多分形分析,并对自组织临界(SOC)状态进行了讨论,进而得到事件至少在时间域里的分布呈现出层次结构,符合自相似特征。本文的CA模型属于确定性的混沌系统,而对于处在SOC状态下的大量事件的频度和大小的统计与G-R指数律很好地吻合。结果表明,虽然自组织(SO)可能是更准确的地震表征,但SOC仍然是研究地震现象的很好的模式。     

海平面上升的海岸形态响应研究方法与进展

海岸带是人口最稠密的地带,全世界几乎一半的人口生活在沿海地区[1](根据UNCEDDE的定义,以距海岸线150 km计)。受全球变化,尤其是21世纪海平面加速上升的影响,海岸将发生复杂的形态响应过程,包括海岸侵蚀、滩地淹没和湿地沉积平衡的调整等,从而危害人类的生存和发展,引起世界沿海各国政府和科学界的广泛关注。从海平面上升海岸响应历史记录研究、海岸均衡剖面研究和形态响应模拟研究三个方面概述了海平面上升海岸形态响应的国内外研究进展,并对各种研究方法的适用范围、优点及局限性进行了讨论。     

浮游植物动力学模型及其在海域富营养化研究中的应用

浮游植物动力学模型用来研究特定海域浮游植物生物量的时空分布规律，定量确定各种物理，生物过程的贡献，对解决浮游植物生物量异常增加导致的富营养化问题具有至关重要的作用，综述了国内外海洋浮游植物动力学模型研究的发展过程和现状，介绍了几种不同时空尺度浮游植物动力学模型的特点和性能，此类模型在发达国家的海域富营养化研究和环境管理中已取得了相当的进展，而我国目前虽已开展了海洋生态模型的初步研究，但面临一些困难，其中不仅需要获取特定海域的过程参数，而且急需对海域的强迫过程和边界过程加强认识。     

单波束无人船一体化水下地形建模及辅助分析

通过搭载单波束测深仪的无人测量船,辅助CORS系统和姿态仪,对长安新区滩涂区进行无验潮模式水下地形测量,建立了滩涂区水下地形DTM模型和水下3D模型。同时,依据测区设计标高,计算填挖土方量,为长安新区滩涂区造陆工程和城镇建设发展提供科学的测量成果并辅助决策。     

Undrained capacity of surface foundations with zero-tension interface under planar V-H-M loading

Undrained capacity of strip and circular surface foundations with a zero-tension interface on a deposit with varying degrees of strength heterogeneity is investigated by finite element analyses. The method for simulating the zero-tension interface numerically is validated. Failure envelopes for strip and circular surface foundations under undrained planar V-H-M loading are presented and compared with predictions from traditional bearing capacity theory. Similar capacity is predicted with both methods in V-H and V-M loading space while the traditional bearing capacity approach under-estimates the V-H-M capacity derived from the numerical analyses due to superposition of solutions for load inclination and eccentricity not adequately capturing the true soil response. An approximating expression is proposed to describe the shape of normalised V-H-M failure envelopes for strip and circular foundations with a zero-tension interface. The unifying expression enables implementation in an automated calculation tool resulting in essentially instantaneous generation of combined loading failure envelopes and optimisation of a foundation design as a function of foundation size or material factor. In contrast, the traditional bearing capacity theory approach or direct numerical analyses for a given scenario requires ad-hoc analyses covering a range of input variables in order to obtain the ‘best’ design.