青藏高原大同西侧石英二长岩体地球化学及岩石系列

大同西侧石英二长岩体位于青藏高原西北缘、西昆仑山主峰地带,形成于早古生代。其地质、地球化学研究表明,岩体岩石组合类型为（石英）二长闪长岩－（石英）二长岩－石英正长岩。岩石主要由斜长石、微斜长石、石英、角闪石、辉少量黑云母组成。岩石化学成分富碱、富钾、Ｋ２Ｏ／ＮａＯ比值大而贫铁,微量元素富集Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ特闫离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,属于钾玄岩系列。     

Constraining the stepwise migration of the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin by apatite fission track thermochronology

Granites sampled from Garzê-Litang thrust, Longmen Shan thrust, Garzê and Litang strike-slip faults in the eastern Tibetan Plateau have been analyzed with apatite fission track thermochronological method in this study. The measured fission track apparent ages, combined with the simulated annealing mod- eling of the thermal history, have been used to reconstruct the thermal evolutionary histories of the samples and interpret the active history of the thrusts and faults in these areas. Thermal history mod- eling shows that earlier tectonic cooling occurred in the Garzê-Litang thrust in Miocene (~20―16 Ma) whereas the later cooling occurred mainly in the Longmen Shan thrust since ~5 Ma. Our study sug- gests that the margin of eastern Tibetan Plateau was extended by stages: through strike-slip faults deformations and related thrusts, the upper crust formed the Garzê-Litang margin in the Miocene epoch and then moved to the Longmen Shan margin since ~5 Ma. During this process, the deformations of different phases in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were absorbed by the thrusts within them and conse- quently the tectonic events of long-distance slip and extrusion up to hundreds of kilometers have not been found.     

Soil erosion and sediment interception by check dams in a watershed for an extreme rainstorm on the Loess Plateau,China

The magnitude of soil erosion and sediment load reduction efficiency of check dams under extreme rainstorms is a long-standing concern. The current paper aims to use check dams to deduce the amount of soil erosion under extreme rainstorms in a watershed and to identify the difference in sediment interception efficiency of different types of check dams. Based on the sediment deposition at 12 check dams with 100% sediment interception efficiency and sub-catchment clustering by taking 12 dam-controlled catchments as clustering criteria, the amount of soil erosion resulting from an extreme rainstorm event on July 26, 2017 (named “7·26” extreme rainstorm) was estimated in the Chabagou watershed in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The differences in the sediment interception efficiency among the check dams in the watershed were analyzed according to field observations at 17 check dams. The results show that the average erosion intensity under the “7–26” extreme rainstorm was approximately 2.03 × 10⁴ t/km², which was 5 times that in the second largest erosive rainfall in 2017 (4.15 × 10³ t/km²) and 11–384 times that for storms in 2018 (0.53 × 10² t/km² - 1.81 × 10³ t/km²). Under the “7–26” extreme rainstorm, the amount of soil erosion in the Chabagou watershed above the Caoping hydrological station was 4.20 × 10⁶ t. The sediment interception efficiency of the check dams with drainage canals (including the destroyed check dams) and with drainage culverts was 6.48 and 39.49%, respectively. The total actual sediment amount trapped by the check dams was 1.11 × 10⁶ t, accounting for 26.36% of the total amount of soil erosion. In contrast, 3.09 × 10⁶ t of sediment were input to the downstream channel, and the sediment deposition in the channel was 2.23 × 10⁶ t, accounting for 53.15% of the total amount of soil erosion. The amount of sediment transport at the hydrological station was 8.60 × 10⁵ t. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) under the “7·26” extreme rainstorm was 0.21. The results indicated that the amount of soil erosion was huge, and the sediment interception efficiency of the check dams was greatly reduced under extreme rainstorms. It is necessary to strengthen the management and construction technology standards of check dams to improve the sediment interception efficiency and flood safety in the watershed.     

夏季西北干旱气候形成的数值模拟——高原地形和环流场等的影响

为了进一步检验和修改本文部分作者先前初步提出的影响夏季西北干旱气候形成的因子及如何相互作用形成西北干旱气候的物理图像,本文继续用一全球大气环流谱模式,设计了5组试验,利用ECMWF 的格点分析值资料,进行了数值模拟。结果表明,青藏高原隆升和环流差异是形成西北干旱气候的重要因子,已提出的西北干旱气候形成的物理图像大体是正确的。     

农业生产对气候变化的脆弱性研究方法初探

在总结脆弱性的定义与介绍相关研究方法的基础上，提出了农业生产对气候变化的脆弱性的初步定义、研究思路、指标体系及计算方法，并讨论了区域农业生产对气候变化影响的适应对策应遵循的有关原则。     

Cenozoic Sedimentary Sequence in the Kumkal Basin, Xinjiang and New Evidence for the Late Quaternary Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

1. IntroductionThe Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is an importantregion for the study of the global change andstructural evolution history). The in-depth knowledgeon its uplift process is the ke}' to understand theformation and development of temporary ph}'sicalenvironment of China or even East Asia. Therefore.a large quantity of researchers have given muchmore attention on this field (Burbank et al.. l982;Fang Xiaornin et al.. 1995f Ruddoman. ]997f AnZhisheng et al.. 1998). The macroscopic e\'o…     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

青藏高原积雪深度和雪水当量的被动微波遥感反演

利用1993年1月份的SSM/I亮度温度数据反演了青藏高原的雪水当量,首先使用被动微波SSM/I数据19和37GHz的水平极化数据来反演雪深,根据积雪时间的函数来计算实时的雪密度,由雪的深度和密度计算出雪水当量.最后,利用SSM/I数据的19和37GHz的垂直极化亮度温度梯度对计算出的雪水当量进行回归分析,得到了利用SSM/I数据直接反演雪水当量的算法.     

青海高原近43年夏季水汽分布及演变特征

通过对青海高原近43年夏季空中水汽分布及演变的研究,结果表明:(1)夏季来自孟加拉湾的暖湿水汽在东亚夏季风的驱动下向东北方向输送,与沿中纬度的西风环流输送的水汽在青海高原会合,但受高原大地形阻挡,到达该区的水汽含量较源区大大减小;(2)青海高原水汽通量场自西界向东界增加,水汽通量高值区基本分布在青海东部的边坡地带;(3)近43年青海高原净水汽通量收支有正有负,但整体上却呈增加趋势;(4)旱年青海高原水汽通量比平均状况偏少10~40 kg.m-1.s-1;涝年偏多10~20 kg.m-1.s-1;无论旱涝年,青海高原空中净水汽通量均呈正值,但旱年比平均状况偏少21.88%,涝年偏多53.99%。     

西藏亚东-谷露裂谷带运动特征的InSAR研究

亚东-谷露裂谷等南北向分布的大型地堑在青藏高原新生代构造演化中发挥着重要作用,该研究对理解青藏高原中南部地堑在第四纪构造演化的地位具有重要意义。基于欧空局Envisat卫星2003~2008年SAR数据,利用SBAS时序InSAR技术,去除地形、大气、轨道等因素的影响,获取亚东-谷露裂谷带及邻区的LOS速度场,并反演亚东-谷露裂谷带的滑动速率和闭锁深度。结果表明,亚东-谷露裂谷带南段与北段具有相同的倾滑速率,均为1 mm/a;其闭锁深度南段为31 km,北段为22 km;其断层倾角南段为52°,北段为40°,与地质结果一致。