Nonlinear random wave-induced drag force on a vegetation field

This paper provides a practical method by which the drag force on a vegetation field beneath nonlinear random waves can be estimated. This is achieved by using a simple drag formula together with an empirical drag coefficient given by Mendez et al. (Mendez, F.J., Losada, I.J., Losada, M.A., 1999. Hydrodynamics induced by wind waves in a vegetation field. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (C8), 18383–18396). Effects of nonlinear waves are included by using Stokes second order wave theory where the basic harmonic motion is assumed to be a stationary Gaussian narrow–band random process. An example of calculation is also presented.     

Nonlinear transfer function modelling of beach morphology at Duck,North Carolina

This paper presents a simple nonlinear data-based modelling approach for predicting the beach profile volume at Duck, North Carolina, USA. The state-dependent parameter form of the general transfer function (SDP TF) model is used to describe nonlinearity influencing these morphological data in two case examples. Case 1 investigates the nonlinearity associated with the dependency of wave forcing on the preceding beach volume. Case 2 investigates the ability to model the variables within the well-known diffusion equation for beach volume using this data-based approach. The results of this study show that the SDP TF approach can be used successfully to develop statistically robust models for describing nonlinearity in beach morphological systems. Furthermore, these models are shown to predict the beach volumes over both short (1 month ahead) and long (2 years ahead) time periods, and thus show great potential for practical applications in coastal zone management and engineering.     

Application of a nonlinear frequency domain wave–current interaction model to shallow water recurrence effects in random waves

The effect of ambient currents on nearshore nonlinear wave–wave energy transfer in random waves is studied with the use of a nonlinear frequency domain wave–current interaction model. We focus on the phenomenon of wave recurrence as a classical nonlinear phenomenon whose characteristics are well established for systems truncated to small numbers of frequency modes. The model used for this study is first extended to enhance accuracy; comparisons of permanent form solutions to analytical forms confirm the model accuracy. Application of the model to a highly truncated system confirmed the model’s consistency with published results for both positive (following) and negative (adverse) currents. Propagation of random wave spectra over a flat bottom was performed with the model, with the intent of determining the prevalence of recurrence between the spectral peak and its harmonics. For spectra of moderate Ursell number, it was found that positive currents extended the length scale of recurrence relative to the case with no currents; conversely, negative currents reduced the recurrence lengths. However, beyond a propagation distance of ≈40 wavelengths of the spectral peak, recurrence becomes almost completely damped as the spectra becomes broad and the spectral energies equilibrate. For spectra of high Ursell number, in contrast, recurrence is almost immediately damped, suggesting that the nonlinearity is sufficient to allow immediate spectral broadening and equilibration and overwhelming any preferential interactions among the spectral peak and its harmonics, regardless of current magnitude or direction.     

A Route to Magnetic Field Reversals: An Example of an ABC-Forced Nonlinear Dynamo

We are investigating numerically the nonlinear behaviour of a space-periodic MHD system with ABC forcing. Most computations are performed for magnetic Reynolds numbers increasing from 0 to 60 and a fixed kinematic Reynolds number, small enough for the trivial solution with a zero magnetic field to be stable to velocity perturbations. At the critical magnetic Reynolds number for the onset of instability of the trivial solution the dominant eigenvalue of the kinematic dynamo problem is real. In agreement with the bifurcation theory new steady states with non-vanishing magnetic field appear in this bifurcation. Subsequent bifurcations are investigated. A regime is detected, where chaotic variations of the magnetic field orientation (analogous to magnetic field reversals) are observed in the temporal evolution of the system.     

地震过程中形变能的演化特征

本文利用非线性理论分析了震前形变能随时间的演化关系，导出了应力与应变的本构关系为非线性时的突变演化模型。最后利用青海门源６．４级地震前后的跨断层形变资料，计算了非线性形变的演化过程。取得如下认识：１．震前形变能的演化过程是不稳定过程；２．形变能的突变发生在非平衡区；３．门源地震前后的跨断层地形变资料的计算结果与理论分析基本一致。     

对一个地震突变模型的讨论

本文用非线性力学方法讨论了地震过程的非稳定现象并建立了相应的突变理论模型。文章详细讨论了断层带的本构性质和突变模型中状态变量的选取对地震非稳性的影响，揭示了用突变模型研究地震现象的可行性。     

中层大气Rossby波与惯性重力波的非线性相互作用（Ⅱ）波包之间的相互激发

进一步讨论了大中尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波与惯性重力波的非线性相互作用问题．从共振相互作用曲线来看，Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波和惯性重力波可以在相当广泛的角谱范围内发生共振非线性相互作用．在一定条件下，一个大振幅波包可以激发两个小振幅波包不稳定增长而出现参量不稳定现象，这三个波包可以是同种类型或不同类型的波包．当两个大振幅波包发生相互作用时，非线性过程会产生另一个波包并使它增长，并且增长速度大于仅有一个大振幅波包时的增长速度．大尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包税发两个较小尺度惯性重力波的过程是一种重要的能量串级（ｃａｓｃａｄｅ）过程．     

自组织人工神经网络在地震综合预报中的应用

运用三维Ｔ·ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ自组织人工神经网络进行地震综合预报，以云南多震区─滇西南地震区为例进行实际判别计算，预测成功率达１００％。结果表明．神经网络方法性能较好，可望成为进行地震实际预报的一种有效的辅助手段。     

地震波场反演的BG－逆散射方法

本文讨论利用三维反射地震数据进行波场反演的一种方法，旨在取得高分辨率的地球模型．这种方法用Ｂａｃｋｕｓ－Ｇｉｌｂｅｒｔ的理论构造波动方程非线性反问题的逐次线性化迭代格式，用逆散射原理导出泛函的Ｆｒｅｃｈｅｔ导数，并用最佳折衷准则求解线性化后的方程组．根据迭代过程中不断提高分辨率的思想和减少计算成本的原则，设计了可供实用的反演算法流程．     

中层大气Rossby波与惯性重力波的非线性相互作用（Ⅱ）波包之间的相互激发

进一步讨论了大中尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波与惯性重力波的非线性相互作用问题．从共振相互作用曲线来看，Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波和惯性重力波可以在相当广泛的角谱范围内发生共振非线性相互作用．在一定条件下，一个大振幅波包可以激发两个小振幅波包不稳定增长而出现参量不稳定现象，这三个波包可以是同种类型或不同类型的波包．当两个大振幅波包发生相互作用时，非线性过程会产生另一个波包并使它增长，并且增长速度大于仅有一个大振幅波包时的增长速度．大尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包税发两个较小尺度惯性重力波的过程是一种重要的能量串级（ｃａｓｃａｄｅ）过程．