论新托尔巴奇克火山对五大连池近代火山研究的借鉴意义

新托尔巴奇克火山是世界上著名的大裂隙喷发火山，前苏联火山学家对这次喷发有准确预报，而且从喷发的第一天起就做了详细观测记录，取得了丰富的观测研究成果，本文从火山锥体的形成，喷发区特征和监测预报三个方面论述这些成果对研究我国五大连池近代火山的借鉴意义。     

Age of Jurassic continental tholeiites of French Guyana, Surinam and Guinea: Implications for the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean

A detailed ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study, of mineral separates from the Jurassic Atlantic Continental Tholeiites (JACT) of Guyana (French Guyana and Surinam, South America), and Guinea (West Africa) related to the initial opening of the Central Atlantic, has been carried out. In French Guyana, plateau ages of 196.0 ± 5.7 Ma and 196.1 ± 7.5 Ma were obtained on single, small amphibole grains from NNW—SSE trending dykes. In Guinea, single biotite grains from intrusive formations from the Kakoulima and Fouta Djalon areas yielded plateau ages of 200.4 ± 0.2 Ma and 194.8 ± 0.5 Ma, concordant with high temperature apparent ages on other biotites. The bulk plagioclase samples display disturbed age spectra due to alteration and excess argon. However, intermediate temperature, weighted mean plagioclase ages are similar in both regions of Guyana and Guinea, ranging from 200.2 ± 2.4 Ma to 188.7 ± 1.9 Ma, partly in agreement with the amphibole and biotite data.

These data, combined with previous ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and U/Pb results from the northern part of the Central Atlantic margins, indicate intense magmatic activity distributed over a large area from Iberia to Liberia (ca. 4500 km long) for a short period of time (204-195 Ma, perhaps less for the bulk of the magmatism) during the initial break-up of Pangea continent. These data do not support an initiation of the magmatism from a radial volcano-tectonic system centred in the south of the region, as suggested by May [1], and the initial break-up seems to affect the whole Central Atlantic during a period of 9 Ma.     

Elliptical boundary of an intraplate volcanic field, Auckland, New Zealand

The outer vents in the Auckland Volcanic Field lie within 19 to 559 m (mean 224.75 m) of a ‘best-fit' ellipse with a 28.9-km-long major axis trending almost north–south, and a minor axis 16.5 km long. The ellipse has formed the outer boundary of the field since the inception of volcanism 140,000 years ago. We present the following testable hypotheses as an explanation of this pattern: The boundary is the expression of a corresponding elliptical source area at depth in the lithospheric mantle (possibly asthenosphere material trapped at this level). The ellipse may represent a depth contour on a very small upper mantle dome or of a lens intruding into a neck of an extensional structure. Alternatively it could be the boundary of a flat elliptical area where tensional stresses allow decompressional melting. The elliptical tensional region may either have developed in a releasing bend during strike-slip faulting along a fundamental lithosphere structure inherited from Mesozoic tectonics, associated with the NNW-trending Dun Mountain ophiolite belt, or may represent the tip of a fracture along which the Auckland Volcanic Province is propagating northward.     

Patterns of Winter Desiccation in Krummholz Forms of Abies Lasiocarpa at Treeline Sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA

Winter desiccation-induced foliage loss at high-elevation locations is an important determinant of positive carbon balance for trees and thus influences the location of the alpine treeline ecotone. In this study, data are presented that describe the amount of winter desiccation incurred by krummholz growth forms of subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt.) at treeline locations in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, for the winter of 1998/1999. An average 8.68% of the krummholz canopy was lost due to desiccation.
Winter desiccation is not predictable based on any single environmental variable. When outliers are removed, winter desiccation shows a strong correlation with elevation ( r = 0.97). Patch level winter desiccation amounts are, however, highly predictable from elevation, slope, aspect and topographic context when considered together. In general, injury increases with elevation and on more southwesterly facing hillslopes. High slopes and sheltered locations decrease winter desiccation.
Within patches, most winter desiccation is located at the windward edge of the patch. This trend may be modified by the presence of leaders above the mean canopy surface of the krummholz patch, or by local microtopographic features such as dead branches or the proximity of large rocks.
The winter of 1998/1999 was a high winter desiccation year compared to the two previous winters. The winter of 1998/1999 had high snowfall, and meltout did not occur until later than the previous two winters. The extended period of snow cover is hypothesized to be one of the causes of the increased winter desiccation for the 1998/1999 winter.     

The effects of local campaign spending on the geography of the flow‐of‐the‐vote at the 1991 New South Wales state election

There is a tendency to assume that election campaigning at the local electorate level has little or no impact on voters subject to the influence of highly centralised campaigns and an increasingly nationalised media. However, as applied to the flow‐of‐the‐vote, this study concludes that local campaign spending has real consequences for vote shifts. For the 1991 New South Wales state election, it is established that any major commitment to local electorate spending by one of the major parties relative to the other increases flows to that party and reduces flows from it. However, incumbency of individual seats as such does not appear to have any significant effect. There is a strong suggestion that, for this election, the Liberal‐National Coalition in government was at a distinct disadvantage compared with the Labor Party in opposition, the spending of the former having a much reduced impact on retaining or attracting votes compared with spending by Labor.     

新西兰黄土和中国黄土的对比研究

根据野外观测和实验室分析,本文详细地论述了新西兰黄土在分布、粒度组成、矿物成分、化学成分、石英砂表面微结构及古土壤等方面的特征,并通过与中国黄土的对比,指出新西兰黄土形成于比较潮湿的气候条件之下,其物源主要来自当地的河流泛滥平原、冰水平原和低海面时的大陆架平原,是风力就地吹扬堆积的产物。     

盐水泥浆测井解释技术分析

大港油田盐水泥浆测井解释评价工作已有20余年的历史.本文论述在盐水泥浆中“时间推移测井”解释技术及“粗、细粒、低矿化度地层水的砂岩储集层复杂油层评价的新技术”.这些技术已在该油田使用,并经试油资料验证,油层解释符合率由原来的56.5％上升为93.6％,获得了显著的地质效果.     

新西兰韦恩加瓦河砾石的沉积环境、阶地断错和8级地震重复率

新西兰北岛南部韦恩加瓦河地区在晚更新世冰缘气候控制下,由沉积和侵蚀的交替作用形成较高较老的阶地。较低较新的阶地是在全新世中期以来的现代正常气候条件下形成的。这些阶地分别被怀拉拉帕断层水平错动297米、100米,57米和28米。距今10000年以来,怀拉拉帕断层的平均水平滑动速度为10毫米/年。1855年8级地震的重复率为1500年     

一种可能的棕闪煌斑岩变异新种—棕闪钠煌岩

浏阳县蕉溪岭岩体中发现富钠煌斑岩,Na_2O为4.05％,主要矿物钠长石为32—51％,棕闪石为25—37％,其他矿物钾长石2—8％,单斜辉石1—10％,黑云母0.5—10％,钛铁矿1—5％,可能是已知棕闪煌斑岩的一个变异新种棕闪钠煌岩。它与花岗岩体有空间上的共生关系,可能属蕉溪岭花岗岩熔离分异或结晶分异演化过程的产物。     

中国地震代表团赴新西兰访问考察

应新西兰国家研究科技部邀请，以国家地震局人事教育司司长李裕彻为团长的中国地震代表团于１９９３年１０月１０－２０日访问考察了新西兰。本文介绍了这次访问考察的概况，并根据访问期间了解到的情况，较详细地介绍了新西兰的防震减灾工作、防灾减灾机构及其职能、防震减灾研究等方面的情况。