“门票新政”下凤凰古城利益格局及治理路径

凤凰古城“门票新政”是中国古城镇市场化运作中的公共事件.“门票新政”给旅游地带来新的利益格局：凤凰县政府和景区公司成最大受益者;获得政策支持的民族村寨及旅游景区旅游经济稳固提升;灰色涉旅人群逐步取得公平收益;古城涉旅商户经营收益略降;古城周边未获得政策支持的民族村寨及景区旅游发展缓慢,个别景区停业;不购票倾向游客利益受损;社区普通居民和购票倾向游客利益影响甚微.对“门票新政”下的利益格局进行合理性分析,进而探索出凤凰古城治理的3条路径：（1）规范政府行为,提升“门票新政”政策认同感;（2）建立共容利益协调机制,促进古城可持续发展;（3）引入第四方监督机构,约束监管“凤凰新政”.     

马来半岛地区New Discovery金矿地球化学特征及意义

本文对马来半岛中央金成矿带北段的New Discovery金矿地球化学特征进行了分析。主要得出:主量元素特征表明该矿床火山碎屑岩为钙碱性铝过饱和系列岩石。微量元素表明可将13种元素分成4个组合:Cr、Co、Cu、Sc、W、Ba;Pb、Ag、Zn;Sb、Ni;Bi、Mo。第一组合为成矿成晕组合,第二组合为多金属矿化组合,第三组合为硫化物蚀变组合;元素组合也对应于不同的矿化阶段。稀土元素分析结果表明,该岩石属轻稀土富集型,铕弱负异常。稀土配分曲线为平缓的右倾。New Discovery金矿床的原岩为中性火山岩,且形成于岛弧——活动大陆边缘区域。     

中国近海蟹守螺科(Cerithiidae)两新纪录种及常见种名修订

在系统整理研究中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国近海采集的蟹守螺科标本时,鉴定出属于蟹守螺属(Cerithium)的中国两新记录种,分别是:阶梯蟹守螺Cerithium novaehollandiae Adams in Swoerby,1855和锉形蟹守螺Cerithium scobiniforme Houbrick,1992。两新记录种分布于中国海南省沿海,栖息于潮间带至浅海的岩礁、砂或石砾质海底。文中对两新记录种的外部形态、软体部、厣特征和习性及地理分布等方面进行了论述,并与相似种进行了比较。且对中国近海蟹守螺科一些常见种名进行了修订。     

Fishing the last frontier: The introduction of the marine aquarium trade and its impact on local fishing communities in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea has sometimes been called the world's last frontier for relatively undamaged coral reefs and their resources. In 2007, the country joined its neighbours in the marine aquarium trade. By licensing a private company, Papua New Guinea tried an alternative approach to the introduction of this activity. Under the so-called SeaSmart Programme, over 100 fishers were trained in sustainable collection techniques and handling of organisms, until the programme was shut down in 2010, and replaced by its successor, EcoAquariums PNG. This article contains the first study on the introduction of the marine aquarium trade into Papua New Guinea. It evaluates the overall outcomes of the SeaSmart Programme, lists targeted species, and their prices. The main focus is on the local collectors, and on the impacts of this new activity on them and their communities. Benefits from collecting marine ornamentals are assessed and their contribution to household income is quantified. Perceptions on non-financial benefits of the SeaSmart Programme are also gathered. The empirical work was carried out between September 2010 and February 2011 in the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. A total of 199 fishers including 44 aquarium fishers were interviewed in eight different communities in the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. The results show that marine aquarium fishing does provide benefits to local resource collectors, but also that this “sustainable” way of collecting of marine ornamentals might lead to some depletion.     

Limited phylogeographic structure for five bathyal ophiuroids at continental scales

There have been comparatively few large-scale studies on spatial genetic structure of bathyal seafloor fauna, despite the importance of these data to the successful management of the world's oceans. We use a comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA from five bathyal (200–3500 m) species of brittle-stars (Ophiuroidea) to assess phylogeographic structure along an extensive (8000 km) longitudinal gradient at temperate latitudes (28–56°S) from south-west Australia (113°E) to seamounts east of New Zealand (175°W). We found no evidence of a genetic discontinuity between Australia and New Zealand, either across the temperate Tasman Sea or across the Southern Ocean between the South Tasman Rise and the Macquarie Ridge. However, there were latitudinal phylogeographical breaks between tropical, temperate and polar regions; longitudinal breaks across the eastern Indian Ocean; and a bathymetric break at approximately 1700 m. Although there was limited regional structure in the frequency of haplotype distributions within the major clades, and no clade appeared to be strictly panmictic, the regional structure in general was not concordant with a simple isolation-by-distance model. Demographic structure varied with three clades having a simplified haplotype network, low effective population sizes and no evidence of significant population expansion, and two clades having a high diversity of haplotypes, relatively high effective population sizes and signs of recent population expansion. These results are discussed with respect to putative dispersal strategies. We hypothesise that the ‘brooding’ species produce both brooded young and pelagic larvae, allowing for both the maintenance of local populations and long-distance dispersal.     

New fossil evaniids (Hymenoptera,Evanioidea) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China

A new species, Procretevania mitis sp. nov., is described from the Early Cretaceous of Yixian Formation at the Huangbanjigou, Beipiao City, western Liaoning, China. Based on new morphological data, a key of Procretevania Zhang and Zhang, 2000 is provided. Forewing venations, body and forewing lengths, localities and horizons of various genera of Evaniidae in amber and compression fossils are summarized for comparison. Evaniidae have a high degree of venational diversity, while more complex forewing venations for Lebanevania and Mesevania suggest that they may represent the stem group of the Evaniidae. High diversity of Evaniidae in the Early Cretaceous implies that Evaniidae might have radiated before the Early Cretaceous. Furthermore, comparison of body and forewing lengths of amber and fossil genera indicate that the amber specimens have relatively smaller size.     

巴布亚新几内亚奥克泰迪铜金矿床成矿特征和控制因素

巴布亚新几内亚西部Fubilan山奥克泰迪矿床是一个世界级铜金矿床,在大地构造上位于新几内亚造山带的巴布亚褶皱带。该矿床的铜金矿化赋存于Fubilan二长斑岩及其周边的磁铁矿夕卡岩和硫化物夕卡岩中。矿石类型以原生硫化物矿石为主,金属矿物包括磁铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、白铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿等。蚀变类型包括夕卡岩化、钾化、泥化和青盘岩化。矿床氧化次生富集带发育,表生矿石矿物为蓝辉铜矿、辉铜矿、自然铜、铜蓝和银金矿。成矿作用主要受区域构造、侵入杂岩体、Darai组灰岩地层、断裂等因素的控制。根据矿床的主岩、矿石特征、蚀变特征和控矿因素,认为该矿床成因类型属于较为典型的夕卡岩一斑岩型矿床。     

新型城镇化视角下的土地整治机制研究

新型城镇化的核心在于不以牺牲农业和粮食、生态和环境为代价,着眼农民。新型城镇化规划对土地整治同样提出了要求。土地整治是提高土地有效利用率、增加耕地数量和质量的必由之路,更是我国推进新型城市化的重要保障。本文通过分析新型城镇化的特征,解析了新型城镇化视角下的土地整治需处理的问题,并以此为依据,提出新型城镇化视角下的土地整治机制,优化土地综合整治,促进新型城镇化建设。