基于回归克里格的生态水文无线传感器网络布局优化

在黑河上游八宝河流域建立自动化、时空协同、智能观测的生态水文无线传感器网络,实现分布式的地面观测,对于定量刻画流域尺度时空异质性较强的生态水文要素的动态特征及其不确定性具有重要意义。在观测网设计过程中,节点的空间布局将直接影响到无线传感器网络的观测水平。为准确捕捉流域内关键生态水文要素的时空变异性和场分布,探讨了一种基于回归克里格模型的空间采样布局优化方法,并以地表温度观测网优化为例,应用到八宝河流域生态水文无线传感器网络布局方案设计中。研究结果表明,该优化方法同时考虑了目标变量与环境变量之间的相关关系以及残差在空间上的自相关特征,可以同时优化目标变量的地理空间和属性空间。优化后的无线传感器网络可以较好地捕捉流域内生态水文要素的时空动态特征。     

中国陆地生态系统碳收支集成研究的e-Science系统构建

全球/区域生态系统碳循环研究具有多台站联网观测、多源异构数据、多模型综合分析、跨领域科学家协同工作等特点。以中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)为基础平台,论述建立碳循环科研信息化环境(e-Carbon Science)的迫切性,系统阐述e-Carbon Science的目标、组成、关键技术及研究进展,构建了由"四环境(碳循环数据集成与服务环境、模型模拟环境、可视化分析环境、科研协同工作环境)、三系统(站点、区域、全国尺度陆地生态系统碳收支评估应用系统)"组成的ChinaFLUX e-Carbon Science,形成ChinaFLUX通量数据采集—传输—存储—管理—处理—可视化—共享服务的一体化系统,实现不同尺度的碳收支快速评估与模拟,支撑并促进我国陆地生态系统碳循环研究和生态信息学发展,对我国野外台站网络信息化起到引领和示范作用。     

云南建水锰矿地质环境破坏评价及其修复技术

矿山开采对矿区地质环境造成严重的破坏.以建水锰矿地质环境修复为例,引入香根草生物修复技术,形成根系网络,提高矿区植被覆盖率,有效改良了土壤,水土保持效果显著.     

Quantitative Biostratigraphic Analysis upon the Upper Cretaceous in Tethyan Himalaya

Biostratigraphic analysis is an essential element for understanding global tectonics and the evolution of life on Earth. Quantitative analysis of sedimentary sequences provides the precise age constraints on timing of significant events in Earth’s history. This paper presents results from quantitative stratigraphic analysis of Upper Cretaceous Tethyan Himalayan sequences. This analysis resulted in a new composite stratigraphic section for the Cretaceous strata of Tibet (TIBETKCS). The eight Upper Cretaceous sections were analyzed in this study and 12 planktonic foraminifera zones were recognized based on available data. Quantitative measurements were made using a Graphic Correlation with Graphcor 3.0 software and correlated to the world standard Cretaceous Composite Section (MIDKCS). The sections were also examined using Constrained Optimization software by CONOP9. Level Penalty was applied as the rule to measure misfit among automatically correlated sections. The new TIBETKCS correlates well with planktonic foraminifera ages from previous work in southern Tibet. A fitting equation of y=?0.19x+305 with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 was obtained from this work. The ages of the first and last appearances of 64 planktonic foraminifera can be calculated with this equation with ± 0.3 Ma precision. This level of precision is approximately 10 times higher than age determinations with traditional methods. Two extinction events were resolved within this analysis at ~93.5 Ma and ~85.5 Ma corresponding to the Ocean Anoxic Events at Cenomanian–Turonian and Coniacian–Santonian boundaries respectively.     

利用正交函数拟合水位流量关系曲线方法探讨

采用挽鱼沟水文站实测流量资料,利用正交函数对该站水位流量关系曲线进行拟合,对选配的各阶曲线进行误差统计与"三项"检验,选取满足水文资料整编规范规定的误差指标与定线精度要求的曲线,并与人工定线的整编成果进行比较分析,说明正交函数拟合曲线能满足水文资料整编要求,能降低劳动强度,提高工作效率和提高整编精度。     

Application of support vector machine and relevance vector machine to determine evaporative losses in reservoirs

This article employs Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) for prediction of Evaporation Losses (E) in reservoirs. SVM that is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning theory, uses regression technique by introducing ε‐insensitive loss function has been adopted. RVM is based on a Bayesian formulation of a linear model with an appropriate prior that results in a sparse representation. The input of SVM and RVM models are mean air temperature (T) ( °C), average wind speed (WS) (m/sec), sunshine hours (SH)(hrs/day), and mean relative humidity (RH) (%). Equations have been also developed for prediction of E. The developed RVM model gives variance of the predicted E. A comparative study has also been presented between SVM, RVM and ANN models. The results indicate that the developed SVM and RVM can be used as a practical tool for prediction of E. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正演模拟技术在地震采集设计中的应用

随着地震勘探开发的不断深入和发展,地震勘探的主战场逐渐向复杂地区转移.复杂地区既指地表条件复杂的地区,也指地下地质构造和地层条件复杂的地区,这些都对地震勘探提出了新的挑战和更高的要求.地震正演模拟正是开展此类问题研究的一个重要手段和方法.目前市场上具有正演模拟功能的软件大多是根据射线理论采用射线追踪的方法来完成正演模拟的,这种方法不能很好地反映地震波的动力学特征,特别是在复杂地区难以得到正确的结果.本文利用高阶有限差分有效克服了常规有限差分算法求解波动方程的频散问题,并以高效的OpenMP并行计算模式进行了并行优化,较大程度上提高了正演计算的速度和精度;同时实现了二阶Higdon边界条件,改善了边界吸收效果;也在一定程度上提高了计算速度.塔中地区主要目的层埋藏深,逆断层发育,地震反射特征复杂,增加了地震勘探的难度.本文依据该地区的地质模型,利用波动方程正演技术论证了该地区的地震采集观测系统,为该区地震采集观测系统的设计提供了科学依据.     

浅谈地震台站信息节点的维护管理——以天津市地震局宝坻地震台为例

以天津市地震局宝坻地震台为例,介绍了地震台站信息节点的概况及其维护管理,对地震台站信息节点的稳定运行有参考意义。     

A statistical approach to determine 2D optimal equivalent linear parameters with application to earthquake engineering

The equivalent linearization method approximates the maximum displacement response of nonlinear structures through the corresponding equivalent linear system.By using the particle swarm optimization technique,a new statistical approach is developed to determine the key parameters of such an equivalent linear system over a 2D space of period and damping ratio.The new optimization criterion realizes the consideration of the structural safety margin in the equivalent linearization method when applied to the performance-based seismic design/evaluation of engineering structures.As an application,equations for equivalent system parameters of both bilinear hysteretic and stiffness degrading single-degree-offreedom systems are deduced with the assumption of a constant ductility ratio.Error analyses are also performed to validate the proposed approach.     

Water‐Saving Crop Planning Using Multiple Objective Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization for Sustainable Agricultural and Soil Resources Development

Establishing a water‐saving planting structure is necessary for the arid, water‐deficient regions of northern China and of the world. Optimizing and adjusting a water‐saving agricultural planting structure is a typical semi‐structured, multi‐level, multi‐objective group decision‐making problem. Therefore, optimization can be best achieved with a swarm intelligence algorithm. We build an optimization model for a water‐saving planting structure with four target functions: (1) maximum total net output, (2) total grain yield, (3) ecological benefits, and (4) water productivity. The decision variable is the yearly seeded area of different crops, and its restrictions are the farmland area, the agricultural water resources, and the needs of the people and other farming‐related industries. Multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is an efficient optimization method, but its main shortcoming is that it can easily fall into a local optimum. Multiple objective chaos particle swarm optimization (MOCPSO) will greatly improve the searching performance of the algorithm by placing chaos technology with the advantages of ergodicity into MOPSO. When MOCPSO is used to solve the multi‐objective optimization model in the middle portion of the Heihe River basin, the results show that MOCPSO has the advantages of a high convergence speed and a tendency not to fall easily into a local optimum. After adopting a water‐saving agricultural planting structure, irrigation water would be reduced by about 7%, which would provide tangible economic, social, and ecological benefits for sustainable agricultural development.