随钻测量、随钻测井与录井工具

摆动阀泥浆脉冲器本身可以产生较高频率的载波,成为高速泥浆脉冲传输的较好选择。由于工作时负载力矩复杂,影响因素众多,为电机输出特性研究带来较大困难。利用在井下工作时的动力学平衡方程,通过水循环实验方式测量得到摆动阀电机在最大转矩比电流控制方式下的位置角度和输出电流数据,进而计算井下工作时电机输出转矩和输出功率,并对其影响因素进行综合分析。结果表明,受惯性转矩、弹性转矩和动态水力转矩的影响,电机输出转矩在不同工作频段表现为不同特征;低频段时,电机输出转矩的变化幅度随载波频率的增大而减小,输出功率随载波频率的增大而缓慢增大;中低频段时,电机输出转矩和输出功率在该频段幅度变化较小,相对比较稳定;高频段时,电机输出转矩和输出功率均随频率的增大而快速增大。可以通过增大扭杆刚度系数和降低摆动阀转子轴系转动惯量的方式降低电机在高频段的输出,以保证电机在额定转矩和额定功率下可以控制摆动阀在井下实现高频快速的摆动,产生稳定高载波频率下的泥浆脉冲压力波形,实现高频载波的目的,为随钻测井数据的高速传输提供了保障。

     

Recent landslide activity in Manaihan,East Belgium

Past landslides have been recognized in the Battice area in E-Belgium. In contrast to the other inactive landslides, the Manaihan landslide responded immediately to heavy rainfall events in the last two decades. This study aims to map its spatial extent and the dominant surface features; to measure surface displacement using GPS; to investigate subsurface structure with Cone penetration test (CPT) and corings; and to determine the depth of the shear surface by inclinometers. Results show a partial landslide reactivation. Surface velocities range between 20 and 40 cm/year and are strongly dependent on winter rainfall. CPT results give clear boundaries between the landslide mass and the undisturbed bedrock in the head scarp. Distinct shear surfaces have been determined with displacement rates up to 15.8 mm in 21 days. Further research should apply geophysical methods for two-dimensional information on the ground, investigate geotechnical properties of the landslide mass, model slope instability, and determine the influence of a sewage pipe crossing the central landslide mass as a potential cause for landslide activity.     

P-SV反射转换波的倾角时差校正（DMO）方法研究

倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）方法对于复杂地质构造条件下的纵波反射波（Ｐ－Ｐ）的多次覆盖地震数据的叠加具有显著的提高信噪比的效果．对于转换反射波（Ｐ－ＳＶ）来说,进行倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）处理就更需要．本文首先对Ｐ－ＳＶ波的倾角时差校正（ＤＭＯ）的几何原理进行了分析,然后重点研究用波动方程进行ＤＭＯ的方法,即Ｐ－ＳＶ转换反射波的叠前部分偏移的波动方程法．这种方法也适用于Ｐ－Ｐ反射波的叠前部分偏移处理．研究结果表明,波动方程ＤＭＯ方法在振幅保真方面比几何原理的ＤＭＯ方法有显著改善．     

晨昏起伏电场对中性片离子的随机加热

本文从哈密顿原理出发,讨论磁尾中性片中粒子受晨昏起伏电场的影响问题,并把它归结于讨论标准映射的性质.中性片本身是非线性系统,外加起伏场会导致其进入混沌状态.本文计算了进入该状态的临界电场E_c以及不同E下的粒子轨迹.计算表明,观测到的晨昏电场可以使离子进入混沌状态,但远小于电子的临界场值.这样离子运动是随机的,电子运动是规则的.仅对离子的随机加热可能是导致中性片中离子温度高于电子温度的原因.     

三维F－K域DMO方法及应用效果

在常速情况下,从三维时距方程出发,通过倾角代换,将三维倾角时差分裂为两个正交方向上的二维倾角时差,然后在这两个正交方向上分别做一次二维倾角时差校正,便可达到三维倾角时差校正的目的．应用实例表明这种三维ＤＭＯ分裂方法是切实有效的．     

共接收点倾斜叠加波动方程偏移

共接收点倾斜叠加波动方程偏移,本质上是一种叠前偏移方法.每给定一个斜率P,对经过叠前（动校正前）常规处理的地震记录中的各共接收点道集,沿直线t=τ+px进行倾斜叠加,就形成一个共接收点倾斜叠加剖面.对之进行波动方程偏移,该偏移剖面将代表地下真实构造.对一系列的p,我们可以得到一系列这样的偏移剖面.对它们作共接收点叠加,偏移叠加剖面的信噪比将超过水平叠加剖面.本文导出了在均匀、水平层状及非均匀介质条件下的共接收点倾斜叠加波动方程偏移算法.     

现代测绘技术在公租房建设中的应用与实践

公租房是解决新就业职工、城市困难家庭等住房困难的一种产品。在公租房项目的建设过程中,需要经过立项、选址、报建、建设、竣工验收等多个环节。本文以全国首批开工建设、首批交付使用的的公租房项目———重庆市公租房民心佳园一期为工程实例,介绍了现代测绘技术在公租房建设各个环节中的应用。     

罗德里格矩阵在共线方程严密解法中的应用

在共线方程严密解法中,人们习用的是以方位元素X_s,Y_s,Z_s,φ,ω,κ为未知数的严密公式。本文则以罗德里格旋转矩阵的三个独立元素b,a,c取代角方位元素φ,ω,κ,并推导了相应的误差方程式。理论表明,新方法在组成旋转矩阵和计算误差方程系数中只需作加、减、乘、除等运算而不需解求三角函数,因而节省了计算工作量。     

Evaporation of perennial semi‐arid woodland in southeastern Australia is adapted for irregular but common dry periods

Measurements of water vapour flux from semi‐arid perennial woodland (mallee) were made for 3 years using eddy covariance instrumentation. There have been no previous long‐term, detailed measures of water use in this ecosystem. Latent energy flux (LE) on a half hourly basis was the measure of the combined soil and plant evaporation, ‘evapotranspiration’ (E_LE) of the site. Aggregation over 3 years of the site measured rain (1136 mm) and the estimated evaporation (794 mm) suggests that 342 mm or 30% of rain had moved into or past the root zone of the vegetation. Above average rainfall during 2011 and the first quarter of 2012 (633 mm, 15 months) would likely have been the period during which significant groundwater recharge occurred. At times immediately after rainfall, E_LE rates were the same or exceeded estimates of potential E calculated from a suitably parameterized Penman–Monteith (E_PMo) equation. Apparent free water E from plant interception and soil evaporation was about 2.3 mm and lasted for 1.3 days following rainfall in summer, while in autumn, E was 5.1 mm that lasted over 5.4 days. The leaf area index (LAI) needed to adjust a wind function calibrated Penman equation (E_PMe) to match the E_LE values could be back calculated to generate seasonal change in LAI from 0.12 to 0.46 and compared well with normalized difference vegetation index; r = 0.38 and p = 0.0213* and LAI calculated from digital cover photography. The apparently conservative response of perennial vegetation evaporation to available water in these semi‐arid environments reinforces the conclusion that these ecosystems use this mechanism to survive the reasonably common dry periods. Plant response to soil water availability is primarily through gradual changes in leaf area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.