3种阈值方法在闪电通道图像识别中的应用

该文实现了3种常见的阈值算法在闪电通道识别中的应用。针对某些闪电通道图像对比度较低的特点,首先对原始图像去除背景光照不均的影响并进行图像增强,再根据所处理的闪电通道图像的具体情况,选择全局自适应阈值法、局部自适应阈值法或基于Otsu自适应阈值的Canny算子对增强后的图像进行边缘检测,进而对闪电通道进行识别。对所提取到的闪电通道进行形态学和细化处理,最终提取到由连续的像素点序列表示的闪电通道。针对数字图像中闪电通道背景的不同特点,文中提到的3种阈值方法能够有针对性地对不同图像进行通道检测,在保证准确获得清晰边缘信息的同时,较好地兼顾了对弱边缘信息的提取,有效保证了对闪电通道的识别效果。     

测绘项目实施阶段的风险评估研究

系统讨论了测绘项目实施阶段所涉及的主要风险因素,建立风险识别指标体系,运用层次分析法和模糊数学相结合的综合评估法对该项目的风险进行评估,并提出相应的应对措施,为其他同类测绘项目的管理工作提供参考。     

Arithmetic and Fourier transform for the PYXIS multi-resolution digital Earth model

Abstract

This paper investigates a multi-resolution digital Earth model called PYXIS, which was developed by PYXIS Innovation Inc. The PYXIS hexagonal grids employ an efficient hierarchical labeling scheme for addressing pixels. We provide a recursive definition of the PYXIS grids, a systematic approach to the labeling, an algorithm to add PYXIS labels, and a discussion of the discrete Fourier transform on PYXIS grids.     

Towards long-multitemporal change detection using SVI differencing by integrated DWT–ISOCLUS: a model for forest temporal dynamics mapping

Abstract

Characterisation and mapping of land cover/land use within forest areas over long-multitemporal intervals is a complex task. This complexity is mainly due to the location and extent of such areas and, as a consequence, to the lack of full continuous cloud-free coverage of those large regions by one single remote sensing instrument. In order to provide improved long-multitemporal forest change detection using Landsat MSS and ETM + in part of Mt. Kenya rainforest, and to develop a model for forest change monitoring, wavelet transforms analysis was tested against the ISOCLUS algorithm for the derivation of changes in natural forest cover, as determined using four simple ratio-based Vegetation Indices: Simple Ratio (SR), Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Renormalised Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI) and modified simple ratio (MSR). Based on statistical and empirical accuracy assessments, RDVI presented the optimal index for the case study. The overall accuracy statistic of the wavelet derived change/no-change was used to rank the performances of the indices as: RDVI (91.68%), MSR (82.55%), NDVI (79.73%) and SR (65.34%). The integrated discrete wavelet transform–ISOCLUS (DWT–ISOCLUS) result was 42.65% higher than the independent ISOCLUS approach in mapping the change/no-change information. The methodology suggested in this study presents a cost-effective and practical method to detect land-cover changes in support of decision-making for updating forest databases, and for long-term monitoring of vegetation changes from multisensor imagery. The current research contributes to Digital Earth with regards to geo-data acquisition, data mining and representation of one forest systems.     

基于李代数积分的薄层多重散射消除技术

目前消除薄层多重散射的影响主要采取Q值补偿和Levinson算法的预测反褶积.Q值补偿经常存在不稳定问题,且会加强高频噪音;Levinson算法的预测反褶积受阶数限制,层数多时不稳定,且容易伤害有效波.本文采用基于李代数积分的薄层反射系数Picard迭代反演技术来消除这种地层滤波效应.本文将微分方程e指数解方法用于预测算子方程,提出一种称为李代数积分的新方法,给出了预测算子和地层反射系数序列的关系式,普通O'Doherty-Anstey公式为该关系式的一阶李代数表达,高阶李代数积分是对一阶李代数积分的修正.同时基于该关系式本文提出了Picard迭代反演算法由预测算子求取地层有效反射波,并分析了不同阶李代数反演效果.模型试验和实际应用说明该算法消除薄层多重散射的可行性和可靠性.依托李代数积分本身的优点,该算法快速、稳定、收敛.     

三维逆时偏移GPU/CPU机群实现方案研究

叠前逆时偏移是当前最为准确的地震成像方法,由于计算量大、存储量大等原因需要合适的实现策略和高效的计算平台.本文以高阶有限差分逆时偏移为基础,重点讨论了在GPU上实现需要解决的显存不足问题和人工边界问题.利用区域分解技术可以在当前GPU上高效地实现任意生产规模的三维逆时偏移成像,不会受到GPU显存规模的制约.常规最佳匹配层边界条件边界区域控制方程与内部区域差异较大,不适于GPU高速运算.本文在GPU上实现近似最佳匹配层(NPML)边界条件,使得高阶有限差分计算不需要分支判断,边界区域辅助波场的存储量也较低,保证了在GPU上进行波场传播的高效性.三维理论数据和实际资料成像结果表明了本文方法的正确性.     

基于层次分析与模糊数学综合评判法的矿区生态环境评价

层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)与模糊数学(fuzzy mathematics)综合评判法将AHP与模糊数学法结合起来,分别取其优点,以实现更为精准的评价.为此,以昌平地区建筑用砂矿区为研究区,将AHP与模糊数学综合评判法引入到矿区生态环境评价中,以遥感技术为辅助手段来监测矿区的生态环境:选用水体密度、植被覆盖度、居民地密度、地形地貌、矿业占地和生态多样性等6项指标建立了生态评价指标体系;运用基于AHP与模糊数学综合评判法确定评价指标的权重;在GIS平台上对各评价指标进行加权叠加,得到实验区生态环境的等级评价图,实现了矿区生态环境评价.研究结果表明,使用该方法进行矿区生态环境评价是有效的,对于保护矿区生态环境、合理开发矿产资源具有现实意义.     

A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for optimal allocation of earthquake emergency shelters

Allocation for earthquake emergency shelters is a complicated geographic optimization problem because it involves multiple sites, strict constraints, and discrete feasible domain. Huge solution space makes the problem computationally intractable. Traditional brute-force methods can obtain exact optimal solutions. However, it is not sophisticated enough to solve the complex optimization problem with reasonable time especially in high-dimensional solution space. Artificial intelligent algorithms hold the promise of improving the effectiveness of location search. This article proposes a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to deal with the allocation problem of earthquake emergency shelter. A new discrete PSO and the feasibility-based rule are incorporated according to the discrete solution space and strict constraints. In addition, for enhancing search capability, simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is employed to escape from local optima. The modified algorithm has been applied to the allocation of earthquake emergency shelters in the Zhuguang Block of Guangzhou City, China. The experiments have shown that the algorithm can identify the number and locations of emergency shelters. The modified PSO algorithm shows a better performance than other hybrid algorithms presented in the article, and is an effective approach for the allocation problem of earthquake emergency shelters.     

ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING,SEATTLE April 30, 1974

Samples used to estimate discrete choice models in geography and regional science are typically assumed to be simple random samples. This assumption is not always met with existing samples. Furthermore, data collection is usually less costly if a stratified sampling strategy is adopted. Existing sampling theory suggests that stratified sampling can affect the consistency of parameter estimates. This paper reviews the salient points of this theory and relates theory to practice by means of a simple example on housing choice by elderly.     

Practical finite analytic methods for simulation of advection-dominated solute transport

Abstract

The practical finite-analytic (PFA) method was applied to the solution of the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation (ADE) for solute transport in porous media under advection-dominated (high Peclet number, Pe) conditions. Several PFA spatial-temporal computational molecules were developed for Cauchy and pulse loading boundary conditions. The PFA solutions were compared with solutions from the upwind method and quadratic upwind differencing (QUICK) scheme. For all boundary conditions the trapezoidal explicit PFA (EPFA) computational molecule gave the most accurate results at very high Pe number as long as the Courant number (Cr) was close to one. Stability analysis shows that the PFA molecules are always stable for high Pe number.