基于形态学色差的彩色遥感影像水域提取

基于形态学变换的遥感图像分类提取技术在影像识别中得到了广泛应用,也取得了令人满意的效果。但在处理多光谱、高光谱影像中,由于较少考虑色差信息而使分类识别受到限制。本文在分析形态学算子特点的基础上,提出了基于形态学变换色差的水域特征提取策略。实验表明,该算法具有明显的优越性和较强的适应性。     

New Formulas of Earth Pressure on Large Successive Cylinders

The retaining wall made of large successive cylinders is a kind of structure which draws muchattention in coastal engineering of China.The earth pressure on the arched back of large successive cylin-ders is different from that on the plane back of a general wall.On the basis of equilibrium of forces on thestrip element taken from the soil between two cylinders,the differential equation is established and theanalytic solution to the equation is obtained.The formulas of earth pressure on large successive cylindersare given in this paper.The distribution of earth pressure around the circle given by the present formulas isdifferent from that given by the formulas commonly used at present,but it is identical with that measuredin the model test.     

海冰与直立结构相互作用的破坏模式研究

海冰在结构前的破坏模式以及产生的冰载荷与结构尺度和海冰厚度密切相关。采用海冰离散元方法（DEM）模拟平整冰与直立结构相互作用过程中的海冰破坏模式及整体冰载荷。该离散元方法的计算参数通过与Norstr?msgrund灯塔的现场实测数据对比进行了可靠性验证。在此基础上,对不同宽厚比（结构宽度与海冰厚度的比值）工况下平整冰与直立结构作用过程中的海冰破坏模式和整体冰压力进行了离散元分析。模拟结果表明：当宽厚比＜10时,海冰破坏模式主要为挤压破坏;当10≤宽厚比＜30时,海冰混合破坏发生;当宽厚比≥30时,海冰屈曲破坏发生。从海冰断裂长度与平均冰压力两个方面进一步说明了海冰破坏模式的转变过程。最后,构建了直立结构极值冰压力计算公式。研究成果可为寒区直立结构的整体设计提供参考。     

Modeling calving process of glacier with dilated polyhedral discrete element method

Mass loss caused by glacier calving is one of the direct contributors to global sea level rise. Reliable calving laws are required for accurate modelling of ice sheet mass balance. Both continuous and discontinuous methods have been used for glacial calving simulations. In this study, the discrete element method(DEM) based on dilated polyhedral elements is introduced to simulate the calving process of a tidewater glacier. Dilated polyhedrons can be obtained from the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a core polyhedron. These elements can be utilized to generate a continuum ice material, where the interaction force between adjacent elements is modeled by constructing bonds at the joints of the common faces. A hybrid fracture model considering fracture energy is introduced. The viscous creep behavior of glaciers on long-term scales is not considered. By applying buoyancy and gravity to the modelled glacier, DEM results show that the calving process is caused by cracks which are initialized at the top of the glacier and spread to the bottom. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the dilated polyhedral DEM method in glacier simulations, additionally allowing the fragment size of the breaking fragments to be counted. The relationship between crack propagation and internal stress in the glacier is analyzed during calving process. Through the analysis of the Mises stress and the normal stress between the elements, it is found that geometric changes caused by the glacier calving lead to the redistribution of the stress. The tensile stress between the elements is the main influencing factor of glacier ice failure. In addition, the element shape,glacier base friction and buoyancy are studied, the results show that the glacier model based on the dilated polyhedral DEM is sensitive to the above conditions.     

Performance Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands Treating Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in Taihu Lake,China

Constructed wetlands are often used for advanced treatment of the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Through assessing wetlands based on economic, technical, environmental, and social impacts, an optimal process is selected. In this study, a set of assessment methods for wetland treatment technology is established: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the evaluation index system; the entropy weight method is employed to calculate the index weights; and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) is utilized for ranking of the selected treatment technologies. Then four processes applied in Taihu Lake basin, China are evaluated. The results show the following ranking: Vertical‐flow wetland–ecological pond–surface‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, vertical‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, ecological pond–horizontal‐flow wetland–surface‐flow wetland, and ecological ditch–ecological pond. The wetland exhibits certain universality and space portability with regard to treatment of municipal WWTP effluent. From the view of comprehensive benefits, the ranking of the treatment technology based on the vertical‐flow wetland is high (Φ values between 0.0224 and 0.0349), whereas that based on the ecological pond is low (Φ values between ?0.2086 and ?0.2652), owing to the mechanism of the process itself and the role of microorganisms in the system. Moreover, for organic matter removal, a vertical‐flow wetland process is recommended (48%), whereas for the removal of N contamination, an integrated‐flow wetland process is suggested (31.2% for NH₃‐N, 32.4% for TN removals).     

基于离散时间传递矩阵法的变截面梁地震时程分析方法研究

为提高变截面梁地震动力求解的计算效率,提出了基于离散时间传递矩阵法的时程分析方法。首先,从欧拉梁的偏微分振动方程出发,基于逐步时间积分法的线性化方法并结合张量变换原理,建立了变截面梁的动力时程计算方法;其次,考虑地震动激励的非一致输入效应,采用数值迭代求解的方式建立了变截面梁地震动力时程分析的离散时间传递矩阵算法;最后,编制了数值仿真计算程序,并结合具体算例进行了算法的有效性和高效性验证。算例结果表明:在采用相同计算模型的前提下,离散时间传递矩阵法不仅能够在计算精度方面与有限元法保持一致,同时还拥有更高的计算效率。     

新型城镇化视角下县域城镇化时空格局及聚集特征——以浙江省为例

基于新型城镇化特征及内涵,选取人口、经济、社会、空间、居民生活质量、城乡统筹发展和创新发展7个因素26项指标构建浙江省县域新型城镇化水平评价体系,运用模糊综合评价法计算了该省70个县域行政单元2007—2016年新型城镇化水平。在此基础上,采用ArcGIS对计算结果进行可视化表达和分析,并采用系统聚类法进行了验证。结果表明：（1）浙江省县域新型城镇化水平在时间上总体呈缓慢上升趋势,在空间上总体呈现“倒三角”特征;（2）形成三个高水平区域中心和两个低水平区域中心,高水平区域中心对周边区域带动辐射效应明显;传统城镇化指标对新型城镇化水平贡献较大,但城乡统筹发展和创新发展的贡献逐年上升;（3）新型城镇化水平较高区域得益于其创新发展,其城乡统筹发展和社会城镇化相较其他区域表现突出。     

遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力评价体系

通过调查走访,设计、分发、回收纸质、电子问卷,查阅期刊等调查方式收集与遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力相关的评价项,将出现次数大于总次数10%的评价项作为最终的专业创新人才培养能力评价指标;根据评价指标含义确定各二级指标对应的评价依据,构建了新时期遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力评价体系。该体系可用于遥感科学与技术专业本科创新人才培养能力现状的评价,为后期高校从多方面提高创新人才培养能力提供基础。     

跨海桥梁船撞风险综合评估

近年来全世界范围内船撞桥事故时常发生,尤其是大型跨海桥梁,对其进行合理的船撞桥风险评估逐渐成为桥梁安全运营的重要保障之一。通过对近年国内外船撞桥案例调研分析,确定了影响事故的多重因素,建立包括4个二级风险评价指标和18个三级指标的层次化评价指标体系,并运用层次分析（AHP）法和熵权法,对各评价指标进行主客观综合赋权,明确各个风险因素对船舶撞击的重要性程度,基于模糊数学理论对船撞桥风险进行多层次综合评判。以浙江省舟山朱家尖跨海大桥为工程背景,结合该桥某年船舶通航统计数据,运用上述方法进行船撞桥风险评估,计算表明朱家尖跨海大桥平均风险评价值为4.22,属于可接受中风险水平,并提出了相应的风险控制对策及措施。     

基于遥感影像边界特性对南海海洋内波检测算法研究 *

海洋内波在海洋活动中扮演重要角色。海洋内波研究对我国海洋科学的理论研究、海洋资源的保护、开发和利用以及海洋军事等方面均具有重要意义。为了及时发现海洋内波的发生地点以及对海洋内波参数进行定量分析, 本研究基于合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)影像中内波明暗条纹的边界特性, 提出了一种集成的海洋内波检测算法: 主要运用列分离邻域处理和Canny算子边缘检测算法对条纹进行检测, 并利用海洋内波的轮廓长度、面积比值及传播方向三个特征对条纹进行筛选, 并将该算法应用于南海发生的多起海洋内波, 以验证算法的鲁棒性和适用性。研究结果表明, 该算法能够较好地识别出海洋内波的明暗条纹, 不仅能够除去非内波条纹的轮廓, 而且能够去除一些细小且不明显的内波条纹轮廓。利用余弦函数逐像素地对识别后的条纹进行拟合, 然后根据拟合结果找出明暗条纹所在位置以及相邻明暗条纹之间的间距, 从而判定出内波发生的位置。