开挖条件下含陡倾结构面顺层岩质边坡破坏模式与稳定性预测

顺层岩质边坡易发生失稳破坏,当边坡中发育有顺坡向陡倾结构面时,更不利于边坡稳定。以贵州某水电站大坝左岸含陡倾结构面顺层边坡为例,在综合分析地质条件及开挖扰动的基础上,结合离散元软件UDEC,分析了边坡的变形破坏模式和稳定性。研究结果表明,边坡可能发生的变形破坏模式主要有滑移、拉裂—滑移两种;自然状况下及开挖后,边坡都有沿断层f_9、卸荷裂隙L_1及岩层面发生滑移的趋势,且工程开挖导致边坡沿该结构面发生内部滑动;对边坡采用预应力锚索加固后,变形得到有效控制,位移数值计算值与实际监测值基本吻合。     

Development of groundwater favourability map using GIS-based driven data mining models: an approach for effective groundwater resource management

The development of groundwater favourability map is an effective tool for the sustainability management of groundwater resources in typical agricultural regions, such as southern Perak Province, Malaysia. Assessing the potentiality and pollution vulnerability of groundwater is a fundamental phase of favourability mapping. A geographic information system (GIS)-based Boolean operator of a spatial analyst module was applied to combine a groundwater potentiality map (GPM) model and a groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) map, thereby establishing the favourable zones for drinking water exploration in the investigated area. The area GPM model was evaluated by applying a GIS-based Dempster–Shafer–evidential belief function model. In the evaluation, six geoelectrically determined groundwater potential conditioning factors (i.e. overburden resistivity, overburden thickness, aquifer resistivity, aquifer thickness, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity) were synthesized by employing the probability-based algorithms of the model. The generated thematic maps of the seven hydrogeological parameters of the DRASTIC model were considered as pollution potential conditioning factors and were analysed with the developed ordered weighted average–DRASTIC index model algorithms to construct the GVPI map. Approximately 88.8 and 85.71% prediction accuracies for the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps were established using the reacting operating characteristic curve method and water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship scheme, respectively. Finally, the area groundwater favourability map (GFM) model was produced by applying a GIS-based Boolean operator on the Groundwater Potentiality and GVPI maps. The GFM model reveals three distinct zones: ‘not suitable’, ‘less suitable’ and ‘very suitable’ zones. The area analysis of the GFM model indicates that more than 50% of the study area is covered by the ‘very suitable’ zones. Results produce a suitability map that can be used by local authorities for the exploitation and management of drinking water in the area. The study findings can also be applied as a tool to help increase public awareness of groundwater issues in developing countries.     

EFFECT OF SLAB FLEXIBILITY ON INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO CIRCULAR FOUNDATIONS

The paper is aimed at investigating the effect of foundation rigidity on dynamic stiffness for two circular foundations on a viscoelastic medium. To generate the dynamic stiffness, a substructure technique is employed. For the substructure of a viscoelastic medium, the solution for wave motion reported in Reference 11 is used. For the substructures of two flexible foundations, classical plate theory with the inertial force neglected is employed to find the displacement fields of the foundation plates subjected to the interaction stresses. Then, the continuity condition for all the substructures is imposed implicitly by using the variational principle; then with the help of the reciprocal theorem the dynamic stiffness for the two flexible foundations can be obtained. For the numerical study, the boundary condition at the rims of both foundation plates is assumed to be a hinge connection to superstructures. Some numerical investigations are performed and the effect of foundation rigidity on dynamic stiffness is examined. Some discussions and conclusions are also made.     

锥形束重构解析算法的研究历程及内在联系

本文提出了锥形束重构解析算法研究历程中的主要问题,阐述了锥形束重构领域相关数学理论和数值计算方法建立与发展的脉络,剖析了锥形束重构研究过程中各算法的内在联系。指出了该领域今后研究工作的某些关键问题。     

面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法与实证研究

采用阈值法和k-近邻法度量空间上离散点间的空间邻接关系,针对不同的距离计算方式(欧式距离和曼哈顿距离)设计了面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法,使用C#语言在计算机上实现。用该算法对收集的8 367个常州市地价样点构建了不同土地用途地价样点的空间权重矩阵,并计算出分用途的常州市城市地价空间自相关指数。     

三维并行合成震源记录叠前深度偏移

提出了一种基于波动理论的三维合成震源记录叠前深度偏移方法,该方法不含任何物理假设,利用波动方程算子的3个性质,合成炮震源及炮震源记录,将面炮记录合成与相位编码合成两种方法在理论上和计算上合二为一,成为一个统一的合成理论. 通过双重叠加把三维叠前五维数据转换为三维数据,既保证了成像质量同炮记录偏移成像一样精确,又显著地提高了计算效率,且适于复杂地质构造成像. 针对不同情况,给出了几种不同的合成算子,使方法在实际应用中有较大的灵活性和选择性. 基于MPI并行算法的实现,进一步提高了计算效率. SEG＼EAGE盐丘C3_NA数据模型上的试算结果和新疆三维起伏地表实际地震资料的处理结果进一步说明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

不同尺度地形的SH波频率域响应特征研究

地形是影响实际地震记录的一个重要因素,理论计算已证明地形影响地震波的走时、能量、震相、波形等特征,同时地形也是产生尾波信号的重要原因.复杂且具有多尺度成分的地形对地震波传播的影响不仅与地震信号的频率有关,与其自身尺度成分也表现出强烈的依赖关系. 本文利用局域离散波数法模拟计算了不同尺度地形SH波的频率响应,得到地形尺度与频率之间似共振的响应关系. 这一关系可以更好地解释复杂地形对不同频率地震波传播的影响方式,同时可以指导数值模拟模型的构建,在关注的频率范围内合理取舍构造尺度成分,达到以最小的计算量得到最大的计算效益.     

南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址适宜性研究

为分析南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性,在广泛研究备选区特征资料的基础上,基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)原理,以自然环境因素、开发环境因素、基础设施与投资情况以及其他因素作为一级评判准则,建立了包括12项二级评判准则的递进层次结构模型,并以永兴岛、赵述岛和晋卿岛作为3个假定备选区,来验证分析评价模型的有效性和可靠性。AHP评判结果显示,3个备选区的整体优劣指数依次为0.587 1, 0.212 1, 0.200 8;AHP模型的一致性比例CR值为0.020 3。通过分析和筛选影响远海油气勘探保障建设的选址因子,构建基于AHP原理的选址评价模型,可用于分析评价南海北部岛礁油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性。     

基于层次分析法的大连区域雷灾易损性评价

根据大连地区近6年雷电灾害资料,40年雷暴资料,以大连地理、气候环境为背景,通过计算指标权重,采用层次分析法对大连区域雷灾易损性进行评价,并通过一致性检验。结果显示,金州新区属于极高风险区域,瓦房店属于高风险区域,大连、普兰店、庄河属于低风险区域,旅顺属于极低风险区域。结果表明雷灾区域易损性分析不仅取决于样本区域的自然雷暴日,还与样本区域的经济发展情况、人口密度、历史灾害等多方面因素有关,各指标影响权重也并非相同。采用层次分析法进行区域雷灾评价研究,能够有效减少人为因素,为防雷减灾提供了依据。     

未来我国气体能源发展动向研究

"十四五"期间我国能源需求增速将有所放缓,但仍将处于高位,随着经济社会的不断恢复以及环境问题的显现,未来能源安全形势仍然严峻,及早建立清洁、高效、安全、多元化的现代能源体系,调整优化我国能源供给结构迫在眉睫.本文通过判断我国气体能源发展现状,构建气体能源优先发展评价指标体系,运用层次分析法与灰色关联度评价法对各气体能源...