低效用海评价指标体系构建研究——以浙江省普陀区填海用海为例

本文旨在针对当前海域节约集约利用的要求下,缺乏低效用海客观评价体系的现状。采用层次分析法和德尔菲专家打分法等技术,在DPSIR框架下,从指标选取、权重设立以及综合评价等方面构建低效用海评价指标体系,并在浙江省普陀区进行应用示范。结果显示,普陀区41个填海项目中,有17个项目评价等级为优,有4个评价等级为良好。等级为一般和较差的项目各10个,占评价项目48.7%。这表明普陀区填海项目中批而未填、填而未建或闲置用海情况较为明显。本研究在指标体系构建和实际应用方面具有创新性和先进性,对于低效用海的节约集约利用具有一定的实际意义和应用价值。     

基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的时频谱影响因素分析

受测不准原理的制约,小波变换、S变换等时频分析算法无法同时获得高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率。为了满足更高的要求,出现了一种联合小波变换和时频谱重组的新方法—同步挤压小波变换。本文从同步挤压小波变换和基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的原理出发,通过模型分析算法中参数设置对时频分析结果的影响,包括小波母函数、小波母函数的参数选择和小波阈值等,分析瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,并通过控制小波母函数、小波母函数参数以及小波阈值有效地减轻瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,时频谱的质量得到一定程度的提高。研究结果对获取高分辨率地震时频谱具有一定的指导意义。      

基于偏微分方程的模型光滑处理在偏移成像中的应用

本文针对射线类偏移成像当中的速度模型光滑处理问题,借鉴数字图像处理当中的偏微分方程法,基于能量泛函,应用变分方法导出基于速度模型的偏微分方程实现射线类偏移成像当中的速度模型的光滑处理.由于偏微分方程法具有线性叠加特性、模型解的唯一性和局部特征保持性,因此,应用该算法可以实现基于原始速度模型空间结构的模型光滑处理.通过在原始速度模型以及光滑处理后的速度模型上计算速度的空间分布以及地震波走时、射线路径可以得出,偏微分方程法对速度模型的光滑处理能够很好地保持原始模型的空间结构,偏移成像结果也证明了该方法的实用性.     

正二十面体六边形全球离散格网编码运算

全球离散格网系统是指把地球表面按照一定规则离散分割成多分辨率层次结构的格网单元,广泛应用于海量多源空间数据的组织、管理和分析中。六边形全球离散格网具有优良的几何特性,非常适合于空间数据的处理,如何进一步提高六边形全球离散格网编码运算的效率仍是当前研究的重点。本文采用正二十面体施耐德投影四孔径六边形全球离散格网模型,基于六边形三轴坐标与编码的二进制数的对应关系构建四孔六边形的基础编码结构,将二十面体划分为32个基础六边形,并将之分为3种基础六边形剖分瓦片,在每个六边形剖分瓦片采用基础编码结构进行编码,建立了四孔六边形全球离散格网编码,同时设计了并实现了四孔六边形编码与六边形三轴坐标之间的快速转换,基于此构建了一种高效的四孔六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案,包括编码的算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算及跨面运算。与现有的六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案相比,本文的方案进一步提高了编码算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算的效率,编码加法运算是HLQT的2～3倍,邻域检索运算分别是HLQT的3～5倍和H3的2～3倍,且受格网编码层次的影响较小,编码的跨面邻域检索运算时间略高于面内的运算,可以为全...     

Using the applied element method for modelling calcium silicate brick masonry subjected to in‐plane cyclic loading

The response of calcium silicate unreinforced masonry construction to horizontal cyclic loading has recently become the focus of experimental and numerical research, given its extensive use in some areas of the world that are now exposed to induced earthquakes (eg, north of the Netherlands). To assess the seismic behaviour of such construction, a relatively wide range of modelling methodologies are available, amongst which the discrete elements approach, which takes into account the intrinsic heterogeneity of a brick‐mortar assembly, can probably be deemed as the most appropriate computational procedure. On the other hand, however, since discrete elements numerical methods are based on a discontinuum domain, often they are not able to model every stage of the structural response adequately, and because of the high computational burden required, the analysis scale should be chosen carefully. The applied element method is a relatively recent addition to the discrete elements family, with a high potential for overcoming the aforementioned limitations or difficulties. Initially conceived to model blast events and concrete structures, its use in the earthquake engineering field is, of late, increasing noticeably. In this paper, the use of the applied element method to model the in‐plane cyclic response of calcium silicate masonry walls is discussed and scrutinised, also through the comparison with experimental results of in‐plane cyclic shear‐compression tests on unreinforced masonry walls.     

Assessment of soil erosion in a monsoon-dominated mountain river basin in India using RUSLE-SDR and AHP

The long-term average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) in a tropical monsoon-dominated river basin in the southern Western Ghats, India (Muthirapuzha River Basin, MRB; area: 271.75 km²), were predicted by coupling the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) models. Moreover, the study also delineated soil erosion risk zones based on the soil erosion potential index (SEPI) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Mean A of the basin is 14.36 t ha^?1 year^?1, while mean SY is only 3.65 t ha^?1 year^?1. Although the land use/land cover types with human interference show relatively lower A compared to natural vegetation, their higher SDR values reflect the significance of anthropogenic activities in accelerated soil erosion. The soil erosion risk in the MRB is strongly controlled by slope, land use/land cover and relative relief, compared to geomorphology, drainage density, stream frequency and lineament frequency.     

Analytic wave series solution of out-of-plane(SH) waves diffraction by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill

A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane(SH) waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space is proposed by applying the discrete Fourier series expansions of sine and cosine functions. The semi-circular hill problem is discussed as a special case for the new formulated equation.Compared with the previous semi-circular cases solutions, the present method can give surface displacement amplitudes which agrees well with previous results. Although the proposed equation can only solve the problem of SH-waves diffracted by almost semi-circular shallow hills, the stress and displacement residual amplitudes are numerical insignificantly everywhere. Moreover, the influences of the depth-towidth ratio(a parameter defined in this paper to evaluate the shallowness of the topography of hills) on ground motions are presented and summarized. The limitations and errors of truncation from Graf's addition theorem and Fourier series equations in the present paper are also discussed.     

离散元法模拟吸力锚施工中生成的土塞研究

吸力锚是近年来在海洋工程中出现并得以迅速发展的一种新型基础形式。然而吸力锚施工中产生的土塞现象对顺利施工和安全使用构成了严重的威胁。文章采用了离散单元法来研究吸力锚施工中的土塞现象,并得到了一些结论。圆形刚性颗粒模型是文章中所采用的基本模型,同时动态松弛法成为基本的求解方法。     

Pseudo‐dynamic testing with substructuring at the ELSA Laboratory

The paper describes the distinctive features of the pseudo‐dynamic test method as implemented at the ELSA reaction‐wall facility. Both hardware and software aspects are considered. Particular attention is devoted to the digital control system and to a coupled numerical–experimental substructuring technique allowing realistic earthquake testing of very large structures. Mathematical and implementation details corresponding to this testing technique are given for both synchronous and asynchronous input motion. Selected test results illustrate the advantages of the presented features. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高分辨率航空影像建筑物垂直边缘线提取技术研究

高分辨率航空影像建筑物垂直边缘线的提取在获取建筑物高度信息和检测建筑物过程中可以发挥重要的作用。分析建筑物垂直边缘线在遥感影像上的特性,在遥感影像边缘检测和细化基础上,利用带约束条件的Hough变换实现建筑物垂直边缘线的提取,通过实验验证该方法的可行性。